Artificial Intelligence in the Digital Era

Electric Discharge Machining (EDM) plays a vital role as a non-conventional metal working method, especially important for the precise shaping of tough materials such as P20 tool steel. This study investigates the parametric optimization of EDM using a copper electrode with a focus on P20 tool steel. Identifying the optimal process parameters is the objective in order to enhance both machining efficiency and surface quality. The research employs a systematic approach, utilizing Full factorial method for conducting Design of Experiments (DOE) to examine the effects of key machining factors such as pulse- on time (Ton), pulse- off time (Toff), peak current (Ip), and electrode material. Response surface methodology (RSM) is employed for the purpose of modeling and optimizing. Experimental results demonstrate intricate connections between the various process parameters and their effects on important machining characteristics like material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate (TWR), and surface roughness (Ra). Optimal full factorial experiments are carried out, and the response surface is analyzed using RSM to identify the optimal parameter values for maximizing MRR and minimizing TWR and Ra. The study also looks into the impact of electrode material on machining outcomes, demonstrating that copper electrodes offer better process stability and surface finish. Overall, this study offers valuable insights on optimizing the machining of P20 tool steel using EDM with copper electrodes, which can enhance productivity and surface quality in industrial applications.

To stay competitive, we must optimize machining operations to produce higher-quality products and increase productivity. Determining the ideal settings to attain the lowest surface roughness and the maximum rate of material removal—two of the primary quality responses—is the goal of the majority of these machining techniques. The main topic of this essay is the optimisation of the parameters for the procedure in the dry turning of SS304 PVD-coated carbide inserts. The methodology used for this process optimisation is called the Desirability Optimisation Methodology (DOM), which is multi-objective and combines the desirability function approach and single-objective optimisation Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in conjunction with the Taguchi approach. Cutting specifics (depth of cut, feed rate, and speed) and dependent output variables (material removal rate (MRR) and the profile's arithmetic mean deviation surface roughness (Ra)) are investigated using the orthogonal-array design L9 by Taguchi (3 × 3) and analysis of variance using ANOVA. In order to anticipate the Ra and MRR models, an equation that stems from the first-order model was developed using analysis of regression. The linear prediction model of the first order was created using multiple regression analysis to determine the independent variables and surface roughness/MRR association. The findings of the trials show that the most crucial factors are the cut depth and feed rate, which are significant elements impacting MRR and Ra, respectively, and that the mathematical models that were created properly depict the response index in the range of parameters evaluated. Ultimately, confirmatory experiments have shown that changing settings to maximise MRR and minimise surface roughness could be optimally achieved using the desirability function technique, linear regression models, and Taguchi's method.

Though any civil structure is constructed by following the design guidelines, but over the period of its use, it shows different behaviour. So it becomes empirical to conduct the structural health monitoring of some critical assets such as dams, bridges, high rise buildings, shopping malls, educational institutions etc. In buildings, the most vulnerable components is staircase. Vibration based periodic structural health monitoring (SHM) of staircase leads to access the condition of staircase by analysing its response to various excitation conditions. The vibration signal is analysed in time domain and frequency domain plots to access the condition of staircase under study. Natural frequency, RMS accelerations and damping ratios are used as health indicators to access the condition. The methodology adopted in the study is to compare vibration response and health indicators of healthy staircase with that of staircase under study because many researchers found the health indicator values to be higher than the one in guidance documents.

This work outlines the design of a composite controller through its breakdown into subsystem controllers for ‘slow’ and ‘fast’ subsystems, and investigates how well it can handle mached constrained external disturbances in the setting of large-scale systems. Despite its proven effectiveness in managing uncertainty and disturbances, sliding mode control presents considerable difficulties when designing for systems that are individually affected due to its discontinuous nature and intrinsic complexity. The proposed method is investigated on large scale system.

Energy sources that are pure and friendly to the environment are made available to human beings through solar energy. Through the use of photovoltaic (PV) panels, it immediately transforms the energy gained from the sun into electrical energy. A number of parameters determine how efficiently the conversion is performed. The topologies, panel shading, inclination angle, and panel orientation are some of the things that fall within this category. Shading is an important factor that contributes to the overall performance of the photovoltaic system. The purpose of this study is to conduct an experimental investigation into the performance of solar photovoltaic systems under a variety of shading patterns. The shading pattern has an inconsistent effect on the amount of electricity that it produces. The findings of the research that was released shed light on our concepts and helped us identify the factors that need to be considered in order to put those ideas into action. Investigations are being conducted into the various fake shading schemes. According to the findings, it has been noticed that the power increases as the amount of incident radiation increases. The performance of the system was significantly impacted by the impedance of the solar panels as well as the input resistance.

The process of wire electric discharge machining (WEDM) is a contemporary machining procedure that necessitates the fine-tuning of its machining parameters to attain optimal efficiency and production rate. The metal removal rate (MRR) plays a decisive role in defining the effectiveness of the machining process. This study seeks to analyse the effects of all three specifications for the procedure—pulse off time, peak current, and pulse—on the rate of material removal (MRR) of WEDM. For the experiment on aluminium alloy 6061, we utilised the Taguchi L9 design (DOE). To investigate the MRR of WEDM, this study was conducted using an using an orthogonal array, a signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, and an analysis of variance (ANOVA). Analysing outcomes demonstrated that the maximum flow had a significant impact on how quickly material was removed. The study further examined the effects of various machining settings on a reaction similar to the MRR.

As knee implants continue to evolve, a thorough exploration of biomechanical aspects in the context of biocompatible metallic materials is essential. This review paper delves into the pivotal role of biomechanics in shaping the future of biocompatible metallic materials for knee implant. Kneecap transplants provide a significant part in improving the standard of existence of people who have knees joint issues. Because of their superior endurance and the biocompatibility biocompatible metallic compounds have attracted a lot of study in the fabrication of joint replacements. This review focuses on the comparison of three prominent biocompatible metallic materials used in knee implants, namely Cobalt-Chromium (CoCr), titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V), and Nickel-titanium (NiTi), with four to five existing materials. The comparison is based on their mechanical properties, including bulk characteristics, which are essential for ensuring long-term implant durability and performance. The results for this overview are intended to give useful information concerning choosing and designing of knees prostheses. By understanding the mechanical properties of CoCr, Ti6Al4V, and NiTi in comparison to other existing materials, the development of more robust, durable, and biocompatible knee implants can be facilitated, ultimately contributing to improved patient outcomes and enhanced quality of life.

The modern age has led to a growing demand for treated steel materials with exceptional durability, impact strength, and hardness. Wire electric release machining is a more definitive method for machining such complex objects, as standard machining processes often fail to produce products with high accuracy and reduced surface roughness. We conducted a context-based examination to examine how machining limits, specifically current, beat-on-time, and voltage, influence the material departure speed of medium carbon steel, specifically AISI 304 Tempered Steel. This research is still going on. While arranging foundations for headway, the Taguchi L9 balanced bunch is utilized. Quantifiable systems, such as sign-to-upheaval extent and progress examination, identify the significant control limits necessary for achieving optimal results. The current is the fundamental control variable in this examination, according to the disclosures.

One of the most dangerous types of skin cancer is melanoma, which can be fatal if not caught early. Therefore, melanoma detection requires a precise diagnosis. A dermatologist typically uses a microscope to examine and then report on a biopsy to make a diagnosis, but this process is difficult and requires experience. Therefore, it is necessary to make the diagnosing procedure easier while yet producing a precise diagnosis. Artificial intelligence algorithms can help the dermatologist make a diagnosis for this reason. In this study, we took into account the deep learning-based melanoma detection using cutaneous image processin/**/+-zg. To do this, we examined a variety of deep learning (DL) architectures and assessed the corresponding deep learning models on graphics processing units. Using common machine learning measures like accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score, the experimental findings demonstrated that the proposed model can achieve the maximum performance accuracy on both the training and test sets. Keywords: deep learning; dermatology; skin cancer; melanoma images.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative technology with the potential to revolutionize various industries. As AI adoption grows, so do the ethical and regulatory concerns surrounding its deployment. To address these challenges, the European Union (EU) introduced the EU Act on Artificial Intelligence (AIA) in 2021, aiming to foster responsible and ethical AI development. However, the AIA’s risk assessment framework has been subject to scrutiny, and there is a need for a more comprehensive and principled approach. In this research study, we conducted an extensive literature study of global AI regulations, standards, and academic research on risk assessment to identify best practices. Building upon this knowledge, we devised a quantitative risk assessment model grounded in six fundamental ethical principles: transparency, accountability, justice, reliability, sustainability, and privacy. By evaluating AI systems based on these principles, our model provides a holistic and standardized approach to assess the potential risks and ethical implications of AI deployments. Our analysis revealed key challenges in the EU AIA’s risk assessment process, including the lack of a clear definition of risk categories for broad AI systems and the need for enhanced transparency and accountability in the assessment process. To address these challenges, we propose the incorporation of ethical principles as criteria for assessment, enabling a more nuanced evaluation of AI system risks. Furthermore, our study recommends an active participation and compliance mechanism from AI system providers and deployers in the risk assessment process. This collaborative approach fosters a culture of responsible AI development while avoiding overregulation and promoting ease of doing business. The findings from this research offer valuable insights for enhancing the risk assessment framework within the EU AIA and provide a quantitative model that aligns with global best practices. This study contributes to the growing body of literature on AI regulation and sets the stage for future research to study the practical utility of the proposed model in organizational setups and current and future AI systems.

The study provides a comparative analysis of online meal delivery services by using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) models to assess the quality of customer service. The study focuses on five essential characteristics: Response Time to Queries (RQ), Problem Resolution Efficiency (PE), Politeness of Delivery Personnel (PD), Handling of Complaints (HC), and Order Tracking Accuracy (OA). Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the research determines that RQ is the most pivotal aspect in improving customer satisfaction, with PE being the next important factor. On the other hand, PD and HC are deemed to be less significant. According to the TOPSIS technique, Zomato is ranked as the top service provider, demonstrating superior performance in terms of both PE (Problem Resolution Efficiency) and PD (Politeness of Delivery Personnel). Swiggy and Uber Eats are ranked behind Zomato, with their positions determined by their respective strengths and shortcomings. The investigation highlights the significance of being timely and effectively solving problems, offering practical ideas for enhancing the quality of service in the fiercely competitive online food delivery industry.

Using concepts from the fields of computers including civil engineering, this study investigates how geographic data analytics can be integrated into infrastructure construction and urban planning. Using additional sources of information for a thorough analysis, the study takes an interpretivist stance and applies a deductive methodology. In order to identify trends in urban land use, improve transportation systems, evaluate stakeholder viewpoints, and carry out environmental impact evaluations, geospatial information needs to be processed as well as processed. Quantitative integration, multidisciplinary cooperation, and data quality are all strengthened and improved by critical analysis. Strengthening quality of information assurance, integrating current information, and encouraging interdisciplinary cooperation are among the recommendations. Future research should focus on examining the socio-economic effects and utilizing future technologies. By advancing resilient infrastructure as well as sustainable urban design, this research helps create more effective, just, and ecologically conscious urban settings.

This study investigates gender differences in preferences and satisfaction with online meal delivery services. It utilizes a quantitative cross-sectional survey approach. A total of 386 respondents in Palghar district, Maharashtra, India, were surveyed using a structured questionnaire to gather data. The research model underwent analysis utilizing Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with the aid of SmartPLS software. This analysis followed the suggested two-step strategy for evaluating the measurement and structural models. The research used Importance-Performance Map Analysis (IPMA) and examined gender as a moderating factor using the PLS-MGA technique. The results demonstrate significant gender differences in how perceived advantages and societal expectations impact consumer opinions of online meal delivery services. More precisely, women exhibit a more pronounced correlation between perceived advantages and consumer perception, while men are more swayed by societal standards. The impact of system quality is uniform across genders, suggesting that both males and females evaluate the service’s operation in a similar manner. The research establishes the distinctiveness of the constructs, with the model accounting for a greater amount of variation in customer views among men in comparison to females. The multi-group research highlights the intricate functions of perceived advantages, social norms, and system quality, providing valuable insights into the distinct priorities of different genders in the realm of online meal delivery services. This study presents concrete data that demonstrates noteworthy disparities between genders in how they perceive and assess online meal delivery services. These findings have important implications for developing service methods that cater to the specific requirements of male and female clients.

This article has a significant emphasis on the design, analysis, and modification of baffle plates, which will assist in reducing the sloshing effects that are occurring. It is a serious problem because the fluid is only halfway full, which results in sloshing. It has an impact on the structure of the tanks, and it also decreases the effectiveness of the truck’s braking system when it is hauling the tank. In addition to having a capacity of 4900 L, it is able to exert a significant amount of force on the walls of the tank. With the assistance of Solid Works and CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics), it is therefore required to reinforce the baffle plates that are present in such a tank. As a result of the incorporation of porous plate to the inside of the tank, it has been observed that the pressure has been significantly lowered during sloshing in comparison to the tank that was previously in place.

The detention of the accused is deemed to be one of the most crucial steps taken against them during the initial questioning phase, as it entails taking away their freedom for a duration that may sometimes prolong. This imposes both physical and ethical difficulties on the accused even before their guilt is ultimately established by a verdict from the court. Simultaneously, it signifies a clear infringement upon the principle of presumption of innocence granted to every individual, as stipulated by the criminal legislation through the enactment of Criminal Procedure Code No. 9 of 1961. After thoroughly examining the amendments brought forth by the amended Code No. 32 of 2017, it is evident that the legislator has introduced groundbreaking provisions with the intention of constraining and confining the use of detention to its utmost minimum. This calls for a comprehensive analysis and comprehension of these provisions in order to ascertain the extent to which the legislator has triumphed in enacting these amendments and to uncover the legislative purpose that underlies them.

The process of Wire Electric Discharge Machining (WEDM) contemporary machining procedure that necessitates the fine-tuning of its machining parameters to attain optimal efficiency and production rate. The Metal Removal Rate (MRR) performs a decisive role in defining the effectiveness of the machining process. This study seeks to analyse the effects of all three specifications for the procedure—pulse time, peak current, and pulse—about the rate of material removal (MRR) of WEDM. For the experiment on Aluminium alloy 6061, we utilised the Taguchi L9 design (DOE). To investigate the MRR of WEDM, this study that was conducted orthogonal array, signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, an analysis of variance (ANOVA). Analyzing outcomes demonstrated which the maximum flow had a significant impact on how quickly material was removed. The study further examined the effects of various machining settings on a reaction similar to MRR.

This chapter will examine the role of cultural diplomacy as one of the important tools of soft power in international relations. It will also look at how technology can be used to increase the effectiveness of soft power, focusing on the role of culture as a source of soft power. It will examine how cultural exports, enabled by technology, play a key role in influencing the perception of a country internationally. Analyzing how China, France, Italy, and South Korea are using culture and technology to enhance their soft power, the essay will highlight the challenges and controversies surrounding the use of culture and technology to improve our understanding and perception of other countries. It will also discuss some of the criticisms that have emerged about this important soft power tool. The essay will discuss the ethical considerations that arise when cultural diplomacy is used to enhance soft power. He will also discuss how balancing cultural activities with technological integration can be challenging. The essay draws on examples from contemporary countries and highlights some of the lessons from these examples for those nations that are trying to use technology-enabled cultural diplomacy to enhance their soft power. As the world moves closer together, a more knowledgeable and ethically aware approach to cultural diplomacy, enabled by technology, is crucial to creating positive international relations and fostering stronger diplomatic relationships.

The main requirement of industries is to produce components at a fast rate of production while maintaining the required quality and cost. Therefore, industries are working on high speed and high rate of feed during machining which leads to high temperatures at the cutting area, which in return causes tool wear and a reduction in surface quality. To overcome this limitation, the cutting fluid in machining operations serves a crucial function of cooling both the Cutting tool and the surface of the workpiece. Additionally, it helps in the removal of chips from the heat-affected area. The excessive use of the cutting fluid and incorrect methods of disposing it can have detrimental effects on the environment and human health, while also increasing the overall cost of the process. The Minimum Quantity Cooling Lubrication (MQCL) strategy is essential in machining due to its utilization of less than 10% of the cutting fluid quantity compared to flood machining. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the performance of MQCL in comparison to other machining environments, including flood machining and dry processing. The focus is on evaluating the tool performance and surface quality in various machining processes. The paper revealed that machining environments exert a significant impact on wear of tool and quality of surface. As evidenced by numerous studies, the MQCL strategy and nanoparticles based MQCL has consistently demonstrated superior results by minimizing wear of tool compared to alternative cooling and lubrication strategies.

The focus of this paper is on the intricacies of the right to privacy and the effectiveness of its inclusion in penal codes. The study begins by examining the multifaceted nature of the right to privacy and its legal definition, followed by an exploration of how Muslim jurists perceive this concept. The first section of the study delves deep into the legal analysis of the essence of the right to privacy. It provides a comprehensive overview of the general concept and then proceeds to conduct a meticulous examination from a broader perspective. Consequently, we are presented with an insightful interpretation of the nature of the right to privacy within the realm of Islamic jurisprudence. However, it is important to note that this interpretation remains general due to legal considerations. The second section of the study delves into the details of personal rights, specifically addressing the legal provisions surrounding this subject within a distinct legal framework. This portion of the study also includes an examination of legislative decisions that have been issued in this domain. The second part of the research delves into a comprehensive analysis of the legal aspects surrounding the right to privacy. It explores how this right is established from a legal standpoint, including the associated commitments and obligations. Furthermore, it provides a comprehensive list of legal positions pertaining to the right to privacy. The conclusion of the study highlights several key findings. Firstly, it emphasizes the importance of aligning the definition of the right to privacy with the current transitional era and the complexities surrounding privacy issues. Secondly, it underscores the necessity for specific and clearly defined legal provisions to safeguard private life. Notably, the researcher recommends reconsidering and increasing penalties for privacy violators in order to protect individuals’ right to privacy and strongly discourage intrusions. Lastly, the study advocates for legislative reforms that prioritize the protection of the right to private life.

With the growing evidence of advanced technology-driven intelligent methods, it become essential to assess the ability of manufacturing systems to efficiently manage flexibility and intricacy. Smart manufacturing is emerging as an updated form of conventional manufacturing, showcasing the significant impact and capabilities of advanced technologies like Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things. The broad versatility of these technologies is enabling significant advancements in various production companies. The industries have recently witnessed significant advantages, leading to a surge of interest in smart manufacturing. Nevertheless, the provision of appropriate smart manufacturing technologies and the determination of priority requirements may alter depending on various conditions. In pursuit of this objective, this paper offers a comprehensive examination of the prevailing trends in SM research. Moreover, this study seeks to provide a coherent and thorough overview of current endeavours in intelligent manufacturing and address the unresolved challenges in the field of smart manufacturing.

This article examines how technology can be incorporated into the social studies curriculum to support analogical thinking and improve students’ thinking and abstract reasoning. Using a qualitative methodology and integrating a review of a rich literature, the article offers possible opportunities for analogical reasoning within the social studies curriculum through a narrative exploring the perspective of analogical reasoning from the perspective of educators and scientists. It delves into the cognitive processes involved in analogical reasoning and reveals how the use of technology can enrich social studies content and make learning meaningful and engaging. The findings demonstrate how analogical thinking can improve learning and thinking in classroom environments, which in turn helps teachers consider how to better teach social studies and improve learning outcomes.

A beam type known as a Castellated beam is created by cutting an I-beam longitudinally along the web in a pattern. The idea is to separate and reunite the beam in deeper webs by using the cutting pattern. A failure criterion for beams in flexure is called Lateral Torsional Buckling (LTB). This study’s main goal is to use ANSYS software to analyze the behavior of lateral torsional buckling in castellated beams. Furthermore, by maintaining the same opening ratio over the whole span, the study aims to examine the impact of torsion in castellated beams. For castellated steel beams with normal section and tapered portions at the ends that are 25, 50, and 75% shorter in height, lateral torsion analysis is performed. With simply supported beams, the evaluation of elastic lateral torsional buckling moments is performed for the identical beam sections while taking buckling loads and support circumstances into account.

This study mainly illustrated the philosophy and design of mind mapping techniques in social studies pedagogy and also revealed their effectiveness from a technological perspective. The study adopted a qualitative approach based on a literature review to examine the cognitive processes associated with mind mapping and its impact on learning. As a result, the study showed a strong correlation between mind mapping and cognitive rehearsal, indicating its power as a mental-visual tool to help students with abstract thinking and logical reasoning. This study suggests that teachers could use technology (e.g., digital slides and interactive platforms) to present key concepts and visual aids to instruct students in how to fully utilize mind maps in their learning. The purpose of this study was to provide theoretical explanations and practical constructions of mind mapping techniques, focusing on their applications in social studies education for better pedagogical purposes.

CNG engines emit higher NOx as compared to gasoline engines at stoichiometric condition. Lean burn combustion lowers the NOx emission and imparts better thermal efficiency but increases the tendency of misfire and increases cycle by cycle variation. Hydrogen burning extends combustion (lean limit), better thermal eff., combustion expedition and duration. This paper shows the consequences of hydrogen along with the CNG blends on the Multi-cylinder Spark Ignition Engine. The combustion and error analysis is done for optimum blend of 5% hydrogen. The experimentation was performed at MBT spark timing with WOT conditions. Sequential injection system shows improvement in performance and combustion of the engine.

It addresses an important and practical topic in the field of civil and commercial matters, namely the compulsory enforcement of rights (including financial rights) in court, in particular the conditions for enforcement and the resulting procedures. Particular attention is paid to the existence of an enforceable instrument (i.e. a document confirming the existence of the right, determining its amount and specifying the conditions for its execution). Enforceable instruments include a judgment issued by one of the courts in the state and decisions of other judicial and administrative bodies whose provisions provide for enforceability. The aim of this study was to assess whether the conditions required for the existence of an enforcement title exist or not, and whether to enforce such a title it is necessary to meet all the conditions specified in the law or whether enforcement is possible without meeting one of the conditions. The study ends with a number of conclusions and recommendations, in particular the need to change the provisions of the Enforcement Law to enable the execution of an enforceable writ of execution even if the condition for its execution is not met, e.g. the lack of an issue date, and to recognize the date of registration of the enforcement case as the maturity date of writs of execution whose date of issue has not been determined. The study also addressed the role of technology in speeding up procedures, increasing the accuracy of tracking enforceable instruments, and the requirement to complete all procedures leading to enforcement.

A Brain machine interface (BMI) is an emerging field of computer science and neurology that has shown expediency in various escalating and established applications across distinct scientific disciplines. Several neural monitoring techniques based on brain imaging and neural signals are utilized for different BMI applications such as mental states such as emotion and stress and mental disorder/diseases such as autism, cerebral palsy, myotrophic lateral sclerosis, stroke, or spinal cord injury. This article focuses on a comprehensive review of recent BMI techniques for emotion recognition and stress detection. It provides extensive description of various neural signals, methodologies for learning of neural signals, advantages, and disadvantages. Based on the comprehensive survey this article proposed potential challenges and constraints of neural monitoring techniques that needed to be considered in future.

After completing several procedural steps, such as the contractor filing a foreclosure application, obtaining approval from the appropriate authority, paying foreclosure fees, and creating and registering foreclosure files, various legal consequences may arise. The article discusses the legal and financial consequences of filing an enforcement application compared to filing a civil lawsuit. It also examines whether the effects of an enforcement application and a civil action may differ and whether an enforcement application can result in similar rights compared to a civil action. The article concludes by presenting findings and recommendations regarding the legal and financial implications of a foreclosure request and the likelihood of combining technological solutions to facilitate and speed up these procedures.

In the today’s manufacturing era, the digital metrology is developing dynamically. At production shop floor the point repeatably verification test of an Articulated Arm Coordinate Machine (AACMM) is evaluated by the interim check process. Single Point Articulation Test (SPAT) is an effective test as per ISO 10360-12, ASME B89.4 etc. Digital Twins (DT) are able to optimize AACMM’s results by integrating resources, measurement plans, and products (artifacts) and can give increased quality in AACMM’s results. Beyond the design efficiencies DT offers operational efficiency too. The various factors like sources for errors, uncertainty types and others those are contributing to SPAT errors are studied. In this paper a targeted review is made for integration possibilities of digital equivalent for physical interim check test artifact particularly trihedral nest which is used in tactile probing with DT. The correlation between the DT and digital thread is analysed for the enhancement in quality of interim test results. The new DT-based reliable quality metrology system for the interim check process of verification is realised. The output of this paper finds opportunities to integrate the Digital Artifact with DT and increased confidence of measurement results by AACMM. This DT system will be useful to build the confidence of measurement results taken nearby on calibration service due days.

It should be noted that the enforcement of rights through compulsory enforcement is supported by a number of technical and procedural aspects. These aspects are essential for the application of implementing measures and contribute to their effectiveness. The study examined the role of technology in identifying people involved in the enforcement process and whether people with limited legal capacity can apply for and be subject to enforcement. The study also examined whether there is a need for technological tools to facilitate the appointment of legal representatives in enforcement matters. The study shows that technology can help simplify these procedures and make documents produced in legal processes more transparent. To sum up, it is recommended to use advanced technological solutions to increase the efficiency and quality of forced enforcement processes.

Nature is teeming with a wide variety of biological tissues and structures, many of which display extraordinary chemical and physical characteristics. Existing top-down microfabrication methods have a hard time replicating nature’s ability to construct hierarchical and complex structures from relatively simple building blocks like collagen fibrils. Biomimetic structures employing a diverse array of optical, electrical and mechanical properties can now be constructed from the ground up, due to the proliferation of Nano biomaterial assembly methods. When subjected to specific physical or chemical stimuli, the properties of these biomimetic materials can undergo sufficient changes to be employed for sensing purposes. For example, in the presence of volatile organic molecules and organic solvents, the colors of films made of assembled filamentous viruses on solid substrates can change. Films with piezoelectric properties can be used as mechanical force sensors by converting mechanical pressure into electrical signals when subjected to mechanical pressure. In order to assess the present study of biomimetic applications of a sensor, this research will center on hierarchical structures that are according to building blocks of fiber.

This chapter also explored new methods of education, using anthropological teaching as a way to contextualize the meaning and use of technology. In this chapter we seek to understand how technology can become a viable vehicle for knowledge by trying to understand new possibilities for ways of teaching and learning. Using a dual methodology of literature review and data analysis, this chapter traces the historical contexts of the relationship between education and technology, with particular reference to historical material on the use of educational models and documentation of past learning to gain insight into new ways of teaching and learning. This chapter develops a theoretical framework of cultural relativism that combines anthropological understanding with educational practice. The chapter creates new ways of understanding educational practice outside the shackles of normative thinking.

This paper proposes an integrated approach using acoustic analysis, computer vision, and real-time monitoring to enhance railway track safety and reliability. By analyzing data from a rolling camera mounted on a self-moving vehicle, the system detects track faults accurately. It also incorporates fire detection and engine detachment techniques for real-time monitoring. Additionally, it improves platform availability updates through advanced scheduling algorithms, optimizing train operations and passenger management. It has shown significant improvements in safety standards through experimentation, offering a comprehensive solution for track maintenance and safety management.

Drawing on technological approaches, cultural diversity and forms of education, this study aims to deepen understanding of how diverse cultures can challenge or shape educational practices. It provides a conceptual and operational perspective on the relationship between cultural relativism and educational practices, and the ability to use it as a means to understand how technology may enable, provide resources, or enable forms of engagement in diverse cultural contexts. Through a systematic and reflective review of a large and diverse literature, the study examines selected empirical examples to identify patterns, themes, and divergences in how technology can help us engage in diverse cultural contexts. The results indicate a varied understanding of the complexities of engaging with cultural diversity and the role that education can play in this process. It suggests that technology can be a valuable resource in establishing more inclusive and effective educational practices.

The Matrix Visualizer is a 2D plane matrix comprising of many small square boxes of equal size. When a designer/architect gives the input of design/sketch then as per the blueprint, the matrix starts taking shape accordingly. Here the square boxes of the matrix rise to a certain height as per the sketch. This gives a practical demonstration of the sketch that rises to give the 3-Dimensional and appropriate physical representation, for instance, architecture gives their sketch as input, and then the Matrix Visualizer starts processing the sketch and raises the square boxes of the matrices accordingly up to the certain height. By the rise of square boxes of matrix, we can represent various entities of the sketch like walls, chair, bed, sofa set and other objects. This enables a practical demonstration for the user to have a real world experience where they can touch the items physically and roam in the space to get the exact gaps between two objects. As soon as the user provides an input to the Matrix Visualizer, the intelligence would work on to calculate the coordinates that has to be instructed to the linear actuators. As the processing is done by CPU, the signals will be transmitted to the linear actuators which then push the boxes. Hence the boxes will rise up to certain height to represent some entities. As soon as the actuators are done with their job the actual and precise visualization of the sketch is available for user. Herein the user can roam around, can touch and feel entities and can also physically visualise the dimensions of their design and can re-evaluate anytime if required to make any changes.

The current interest in educational methods after World War II and the increased scientific research on their historical antecedents also emerged through the prism of contemporary perspectives. In this study, I will adopt a qualitative anthropological approach to focus on Lesu educational practices and how technological innovations have shaped them. I will adopt and apply historical ethnographic techniques that span the pre-colonial, early colonial, and contemporary periods to illuminate how educational methods have operated in the past, what patterns, themes, and changes have occurred. The technological perspective will be an additional point of view in understanding the educational methods of the Forest, but above all, a comparative perspective with other societies will also be helpful in this regard.

3D bioprinting has revolutionized the field of tissue engineering by enabling the fabrication of complex 3D structures with high precision and accuracy. However, to harness the full potential of this technology, it is necessary to develop efficient and effective bioprinting strategies. This research paper aims to explore the most efficient ways to utilize 3D bioprinting for tissue engineering applications. The paper begins by discussing the basics of 3D bioprinting and its various techniques, including inkjet, extrusion-based, and laser-based bioprinting. It then delves into the advantages and disadvantages of each technique, highlighting their respective strengths and weaknesses. Additionally, the paper discusses the importance of materials selection, printing parameters, and post-printing processing for achieving the desired biological outcomes. The research paper also outlines the potential benefits of using 3D bioprinting, including reduced animal testing, personalized medicine, and improved drug discovery.

Courts often deem testimony binding, and generally speaking, the law prohibits confessors from recanting their testimony unless they can show that their testimony contains an error of fact. The unity of the principle of confession avoids selective application of confessions, ensuring that they are not used to the advantage of the confession, leaving out its harmful parts. However, insisting on the principle of unity can lead to injustice. It may prevent both plaintiffs and defendants from using testimony to their advantage and may therefore lead to the unfair use or questioning of testimony. The article shows how we can use technology to analyze and dispose of court testimony. Our goal is to reveal, define and redefine the unity of the principle of confession by proposing exceptions that allow for further division of confessions to make legal procedures more logical and fair. We propose adapting technological tools to make decisions fairer.

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into sustainable agricultural practices presents a transformative opportunity to enhance productivity and environmental stewardship in farming. This paper explores innovative approaches that harness AI technologies, including machine learning, predictive analytics, and data-driven decision-making, to address pressing challenges in agriculture such as resource optimization, pest management, and soil health monitoring. By examining case studies and successful implementations, we demonstrate how AI can contribute to more efficient use of water, fertilizers, and pesticides, ultimately leading to reduced ecological footprints. Furthermore, we discuss the potential for AI to empower farmers with actionable insights, enabling them to adopt regenerative practices that promote biodiversity and soil health. Through this exploration, we aim to highlight the vital role of AI in shaping a greener future for agriculture and ensure food security while preserving our planet’s resources.

This study examines the role of technological innovation in the process of institutional development in developing countries. It uses qualitative methodology to study complex interactions and interdependencies between technological changes, institutional development and development processes. Specifically, it conducts a systematic review of existing literature and adopts and uses analytical tools to synthesize relevant perspectives, theories, and evidence. This study provides a critical assessment of research articles, policy documents and case-specific knowledge gaps known in relation to the role of technological change in institutional development and, therefore, in achieving development goals. Drawing on empirical insights from two specific cases—Indonesia and Zimbabwe—the study provides insight into the challenges of technological development in achieving institutional development and broader development goals; and highlights the importance of technology in driving institutional development.

The present research paper is concerned with the application of the modern machine learning algorithms for defending electrical power system faults, which is an important field in order to maintain the proper functionality of the system. Time-domain and frequency-based fault detection techniques while efficient are not fully capable of addressing the growing challenges in modern power systems. Basing on the subject of fault detection, it is focused on investigating with the help of several machine learning models such as SVM, Random forest, ANN, and XG boost techniques how their implementation can enhance the accuracy and time frame. The method used in the research entailed data gathering and accumulation from different sources thereafter proceeding to normalize and extract features from such data. Cross validation methods were used in training and assessing the models with performance measures such as accuracy, precision, recall and F1 score. The outcomes revealed that the performance of XGBoost is better than other models in terms of fault detection accuracy and fault detection reliability. The confusion matrix also supported the results and the ROC-AUC analysis provided the exact confirmation regarding the power of XGBoost in minimizing the false positives and in maximizing the true positives. However, the complicated computational issue and accurate data-set are the critical issues even in the current practice. Based on this paper, machines learning based approach for fault detection is more effective as compared to the conventional method especially the XGBoost ensemble method. Thus, the study also calls for additional research that will improve these models for real-time applications in order to address existing issues in relation to the expansion and development of more robust and flexible power systems in the future. This work lays the groundwork for introducing machine learning into the power system for the purpose of improving on fault diagnosis and the stability of the system.

The chapter focuses on the role of digital transparency—whether public officials are held accountable for their actions—on stability in developing countries, and whether increasing public accountability makes systems more or less stable. Digital transparency is said to be an important factor in improving public accountability, which helps increase the stability of systems. Using new data and case studies from less economically developed countries with a shorter history of democratic consolidation, the paper finds that external support is generally important in promoting accountability, but sometimes leads to instability. Increased horizontal accountability does not necessarily involve corruption, but it may cause officials to flee from the consequences. “To my knowledge,” the article concludes, “we know very little about the impact of external support for accountability on stability.” This requires more longitudinal and experimental studies. Episodes assessed as unstable include the usurpation of power by force (coup), destabilization of the ruling regimes (rebellion, extremism and unrest) or the end of democratic changes (counter-revolution). The authors note that “the assumption that increased accountability will lead to greater stability is not necessarily justified” and argue that while increased transparency and accountability can lead to improved stability, they can also lead to instability.

The journey of cloud computing represents a transformative shift in how businesses and individuals access, store, and manage data. This chapter explores the evolution of cloud computing, from its early adoption stages to its current status as a cornerstone of modern IT infrastructure. The opportunities presented by cloud technology are vast, offering scalability, cost efficiency, and access to advanced tools and services that were previously out of reach for many organizations. However, alongside these opportunities, significant challenges have emerged, including data security, privacy concerns, regulatory compliance, and the complexities of managing hybrid and multi-cloud environments. This paper examines the balance between the benefits and risks of cloud adoption, providing insights into how organizations can navigate these challenges while maximizing the potential of cloud technology. Through case studies and analysis, the paper also highlights future trends and developments that may shape the next phase of the cloud journey, emphasizing the need for strategic planning, robust security measures, and continuous innovation.

This study examines how populist politics and anti-immigrant sentiment interact in the process of European participation. Addresses the argument that actors incite “welfare chauvinism” and immigration issues in order to withdraw specific groups of the electorate, drawing on case studies from early twentieth century Argentina and post-World War II Australia. Taking a comparative perspective on electoral system in Europe, it analyzes the impact of immigration on strategies to maximize votes or gain positions for parties. It uses a qualitative ‘process tracing’ methodology to explore how European identity is being redefined in the context of anti-immigrant sentiment, with particular attention to the role of EU institutions and public opinion, and highlights the complex ways in which policy-making, social attitudes and global forces. The conclusion asks whether governments are “driven” by international social interests or particular pressure groups, and considers what such a competitive and adversarial climate means for Western countries. It asks what community interest and identity mean in an era of economic scarcity and increased competition, and whether it is possible to rethink the assumption that national economic policies serve the common good.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) have systematically infiltrated the contemporary business practices, thus providing intricate ways to improve decision-making procedures. In the modern world, the operational context of businesses is characterized by the high rates of change where managers are forced to make timely and accurate decisions that would ensure organizational agility. Advanced modern environments present problems to both the quantity and the speed for traditional decision-making methods. As a result, this research seeks to explore the effects of AI and ML on OD and emphasizes on the role of AI and its subfield of ML in improving firm-specific adaptability and positioning. The survey involves 200 participants from different industries, where the information reveals how the usage of AI and ML creates higher and faster results in decision-making processes and mainly data accuracy. The results show that the use of AI/ML does not only rationalize decision-making but also provides organization capabilities to respond to market dynamics to enhance their organizational adaptability and performance advantage. The study answers important question such as potential role of AI/ML in the decision-making process of the organizations, the means through which these technologies contribute to the improved organizational flexibility and opportunities to gain competitive advantage as well as providing important guidelines for organizations that seek to implement AI/ML for strategic purposes.

The aim of this study is to conduct a full analysis of the elements, types and impact of economic crimes on various jurisdictions and legal provisions and procedural management, the most important economic crimes that have affected the modern world since the times of the pharaohs, still pose a real threat to both nations, communities and individuals, especially in times marked by the spread of globalization, where sovereignty and financial stability are the main targets of these crimes. The fight against economic crimes requires legislative intervention by establishing specific laws in this field in order to effectively combat these crimes and limit their spread. The legislative response to economic crimes has been influenced by technological development, which has led to a process of integration of both worlds, where the most significant form of integration is the dissemination of digital tools and systems in the legislative process. Legislative measures relating to economic crimes are covered by various laws, in addition to the Criminal Code, which provides a general framework and covers crimes such as theft, fraud and corruption. These crimes have different categories, which can be divided into three main categories: forgery, false documents and false accounts, fraud and fraud, abuse of commercial trust and abuse of credit. In addition to specific laws on economic crimes, such as the Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing Act, where penalties and procedures are specific and different for each law. Technological developments have influenced this legal framework, developing criminal procedures and increasing their efficiency and effectiveness. The study also examines jurisdictions in matters of economic crimes and the authorities responsible for adjudicating these crimes. The study highlights the difference between judicial and extrajudicial authority to adjudicate economic crimes. The study also indicates the type of penalties for economic crimes, where the penalty for an economic crime is both criminal and non-punishable and affects the freedom, good name and financial status of the perpetrator. The study includes tools for judicial and extrajudicial adjudication of economic crimes in which courts and administrative authorities participate. The study also raised the need to develop a legal framework to keep pace with technological developments to ensure a robust and effective response to the challenges of economic crime.

This research paper is also aimed at presenting the Weather Protection Enclosure design and optimization for the requirements of industrial automation applications. WPT technology does not suffer from most limitations that are associated with wired connections, which makes the technology convenient for the use in industries as it gives way to such attributes as; flexibility, low maintenance and safety. However, the loss complaints of power transmission efficiency of power to distant objects, intended or unintended alteration in the coil position, electromagnetic interference (EMI) and so on are some of the challenges that complicate the use of WPT systems in complex industrial application. Stochastic modelling and simulations as well theoretical formulation are employed in the proposed work with the experimental models used to improve the performance of the WPT systems. Some of the presented optimisation methods are resonant frequency optimisation, impedance regulation, and other ways of control optimisation. These methods were discovered to enhance the power transfer efficiency by a big margin based on the distance and orientation of the coils and the methods reduced EMI to other electronics devices to a minimum. This paper also acknowledges that even though there has been advancement in WPT technology, there are challenges in as much as the WPT system cost, the durability of WPT components when utilized in industries and issues of EMI. Looking at the future developments of the PE system that this study identifies include the use of AI and ML algorithms for the real-time control and maximation of the efficiency and robustness of the PE system and the on-going research in new materials and structures that will further the efficiency of the PE system.

The objective of the research is to uncover the various categories of non-traditional bonds, which encompass asset-based bonds, profit-sharing bonds, and debt-based bonds. Additionally, the aim is to determine the distinguishing characteristics of these bonds. The findings of the study indicate that all forms of bonds are considered an excellent option for investors who wish to avoid conventional financial instruments that may contain elements that are usurious. This adherence is achieved through the implementation of financial structures based on non-conventional contracts like mudarabah, musharakah, ijara, murabaha, and Istisna, as well as through the utilization of salam bonds, sovereign bonds, and green bonds. These measures ensure fairness and transparency in all financial transactions.

The fairly recent uptake of electric vehicles has brought about the importance of innovative power electronic for improved performance and efficiency. The study is concerned with generic approaches for power electronics for future generation of electric vehicles with special emphasis to system efficiency using advanced design and control methodologies. It takes stock of some of the main developments made in power semiconductor technologies such as the SiC and GaN that are believed to offer tremendous advantages in terms of power and thermal dissipation. The method of literature review examines basic issues and future prospects in the power electronics, especially in the battery management systems, DC–DC converters, and inverter controls. This is in respect of the need for predictive and adaptive control strategies in improvement of efficiency and reliability of EV power systems. The way of research is based on the assessment of energy saving measures using numerous experimental data and simulation results of various aspects of energy efficiency. We study the effects of state of art cooling techniques, high efficient converters and enhanced control algorithms on the efficiency of power electronics of EV.

The primary objective of this study is to examine the influence of laptop brand on consumers’ purchasing decisions, specifically in terms of perceived brand name, perceived quality, perceived reputation, perceived trust, and perceived value. To achieve these objectives and test the hypotheses, a random sample of 400 laptop consumers was selected. The questionnaire was then distributed to the participants, resulting in 368 retrieved responses, indicating a response rate of 92%. After excluding 23 incomplete questionnaires, a total of 345 questionnaires were considered for analysis, representing approximately 94% of the total retrieved questionnaires. To suit the nature of the study, the researchers employed the descriptive-analytical method and utilized appropriate statistical methods through the SPSS program. The findings of the study revealed a statistically significant impact of brand dimensions on the purchase decision of laptop consumers. Among the study variables, the quality dimension emerged as the most influential, sharing equal importance with the reputation variable in influencing the purchase decision of laptops. In conclusion, the study recommends that laptop manufacturing companies prioritize the perceived brand dimensions of their products, as these dimensions significantly affect consumers’ purchasing decisions. Furthermore, efforts should be made to enhance the trust between the brand and consumers.

This paper focuses on the use of quantum computing algorithm where the focus is on the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) and the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) on electrical power systems. Although methods like CLP and GA provide efficient solutions, they have major limitations especially with advanced and complex power systems which are characteristic of the present day utility systems. Machine learning employing quantum mechanics which involves the principles of a quantum is a potential technique to solve these complex tasks with exponential speed-up and improved accuracy than conventional systems. This study systematically defines TO problems for quantum processing, chooses right quantum algorithms and builds corresponding quantum circuits. Other assessments were made using frameworks in quantum computing and compared with the results established in classical models. According to the study, these quantum algorithms are much more efficient than their classical counterparts across two measures: precision and the time taken to make the calculations involved especially when the number of qubits is large. In addition, the proposed framework for scalability provides evidence that quantum algorithms keep applying with improved performance even as the variety and organization of the system increases, compared to exponential time with conventional techniques. However, the study also acknowledges in its current context the quantum hardware weaknesses such as error rate and qubit coherence and pertinence further RD. In conclusion, this paper enriches the existing research because it shows that, with the help of quantum computing, it will be possible to improve the efficiency and reliability of the power system optimization methods in the future.

This study seeks to investigate the impact of customer relationship management (CRM) elements, including customer orientation, modern communication channels (technology), customer database, service quality, and good customer relationships, on achieving loyalty among customers of commercial banks. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach, developing a questionnaire to collect primary data from a sample of employees of commercial banks. A total of 190 questionnaires were distributed, of which 165 were valid for analysis. These were distributed among employees of 18 commercial banks. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze the study’s data. The study found that commercial banks implement CRM, with ‘good customer relationships’ ranking highest and ‘customer database’ ranking lowest. The study also found that commercial banks have achieved a high level of customer loyalty. The dimensions of CRM, particularly ‘good customer relationships’ and ‘service quality,’ statistically significantly influenced customer loyalty in commercial banks. However, the study showed a weak statistically significant impact of ‘modern communication channels for customers,’ ‘customer orientation,’ and ‘customer database’ on achieving customer loyalty in commercial banks. Based on these results, the study provided recommendations for commercial banks to enhance customer loyalty through continuous implementation of CRM practices, contributing to the sustainability and growth of commercial banks.

The subject of this paper is the analysis of the main innovations in the field of High-Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission together with identification of the potential application of these innovations in contemporary power systems. There are general trends as to why HVDC technology is becoming the new norm as we shall see below:—Well-proven for transmission of electricity over long distances, connection of asynchronous systems as well as for integrating renewable energy sources into the current electricity grids. The review considers different HVDC technologies such as LCC, VSC, and MMC which provide essential benefits based on the particular application. There has been progress in the HVDC systems making them to have better experience and also cheaper in the recent past. As examples, VSC technology helps to strengthen the grid and ease renewable generation interconnection, and UHVDC systems provide continental size transmission links. As a result, HVDC can be said to be a technology that is going to be of tremendous importance to power transmission in the future. Future developments of such systems and continuous research and technologies make the whole systems even more effective and economically feasible.

The objective of this research is to examine the efficacy of active learning strategies in fostering the growth of critical thinking skills among elementary stage students. A qualitative methodology was employed, incorporating the collection and analysis of information from various studies and books, as well as the examination of previous research and its relevance to the current study. Numerous active learning strategies were investigated, and their respective impacts on the development of students’ critical thinking skills were assessed. This study emphasizes the significance of implementing active learning strategies to enhance the level of critical thinking among students, offering a practical investigation within the realm of basic education. The study also addresses the challenges associated with implementing these strategies in Jordanian schools, taking into account the current educational landscape, and proposes guidelines to strengthen the application of these strategies within the educational system, with the ultimate goal of promoting critical thinking and improving student performance.

This article gives a literature review of incorporating DRES into smart grids, and presents a novel more comprehensive investigation of the effects on the small signal stability of smart grids, economic aspects, and system performance. On the same note, it has been observed that as consumers continue to embrace DRES, there are benefits that come with this as well as challenges that come with it. Thus, our investigation for diverse integration approaches using simulation shows that DRES integration can improve the power system’s reliability and decrease fuel consumption, although they can destabilise the grid and so effective management schemes are needed. The findings show that while all major and minor investments are necessary for integration of DRES into electrical power systems at the first level, that beneficiary effects are significant in terms of costs and environmental impacts in the following long term. Frequency distributions using histograms and pie charts explored within the analysis offer valuable picture of the net benefits distribution and proportion of contribution from various types of renewable energy sources, which helps in understanding economic and operational implications. Consequently, the research highlights the need for more sophisticated methods of dealing with the spatial energy grid, including frequency regulation and demand response to cater for the fluctuating nature of renewable energy sources.

The objective of this study is to assess the impact of various marketing activities on consumers’ purchasing decisions regarding organic agricultural products. The marketing activities examined in this study include quality, price, product availability, and promotion. In order to achieve the study’s objectives and test its hypotheses, a questionnaire was designed and used as the primary method of data collection. A total of 340 questionnaires were distributed to customers of Ynbot, resulting in 290 valid responses that were suitable for analysis. The sample was randomly selected from Ynbot’s customer database. The findings of this study revealed that marketing activities have a significant influence on consumers’ purchase decisions when it comes to organic agricultural products. These marketing activities accounted for approximately 84% of the variance in the purchasing decisions. Among the marketing activities examined, promotion was identified as the most influential factor, showing a strong positive relationship with consumers’ purchase decisions (correlation coefficient of 0.901). It is recommended that Ynbot enhance its promotional activities as it had the lowest mean average score (3.39) among the marketing activities studied. This can be achieved by developing a comprehensive promotional plan.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a new technology that shows the potential of networking & computing. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) frequently support IoT applications. The virtual and real worlds can be connected by means of wireless sensor networks. A WSN consists of nodes positioned in a sensing region to monitor various environmental parameters. Energy efficiency, data transmission, connectivity, privacy, stability, and network lifetime are just a few of their many research interests. A specialized transmitter built into the WSN improves IoT sensing capabilities. These networks frequently have issues with node batteries and energy-efficient routing methods. Cluster head election process and data transmission process are modified in this paper using bio-inspired schemes and energy-efficient clustering protocols. In terms of the no. of operating nodes and energy usage in network, the proposed protocol and current protocol have been compared. In these areas, proposed protocol has outperformed the others.

This research paper is about the reference to Lewis Carroll’s novel Alice in Wonderland, using Halliday and Hasan's method of cohesion analysis. This research aims to extract the novel's endophoric reference (anaphoric and cataphoric). The researchers used qualitative methods in their research. Moreover, the data was from Alice in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll, published in 2019. This research shows that Alice’s utterances use two aspects of reference: anaphoric and cataphora. There are 153 anaphoric references and 116 cataphora references found in the novel; due to this research, these references are divided into two types, personal and demonstrative. The researchers analyzed Alice's utterances and found that personal reference dominated the text. As mentioned above, the results were conducted after reading the novel and analyzing the utterances of the main character.

3-D printing is a method for manufacturing a wide scope of structures and intricate topologies from three-dimensional information. Medicinal field keeps on perceiving the additional worth of 3D Printing at a quickly developing rate for a huge scope of restorative applications uncommonly in the development of new surgical guides, custom inserts, and prosthetic just as the making of patient-explicit imitations of corpse and organs. Use of 3D printing techniques on patients increased because of continually improving features of three-dimensional printing utilizations. The objective of this study is to outline the performance analysis on human surgery and ingress the use of 3D printing. A methodical writing survey was directed utilizing the Web of Science and Scopus databases. 101 research studies were analyzed and summarized which depicted the utilization of three-dimensional printing for prosthetics, anatomical models, patient specific implants and surgical guides. This technology is practiced in numerous surgery disciplines, such as spine, dentistry, cranial, cardio-vascular, neurosurgery, orthopedics, and maxillofacial surgery. Selected research studies recommend numerous benefits to three-dimensional printed utilizations such as reduced surgical-treatment time, improved clinical outcome, reduced radiation exposure, reduced blood loss volume during surgery, low post-operative complications and better accuracy of printed parts. This study was focused to bring a broad picture on the utilizations of 3-D printing technology in bio-medical engineering. Applications vary as prosthetics to surgical guides to custom implants and models selection for surgical planning. Studies suggests the 3D-printed applications have numerous advantages but needed further research to recognize whether three-dimensional printing is financially savvy for all the bio-medical utilizations and patients or not. Also, further research studies would be required to assess the impact of usage of 3-D printing technology especially in postoperative complications, health recovery rate of patient, communication between patient and doctor about surgery and satisfaction level of patient.

The objective of this research is to investigate the influence of leadership styles on the performance of the Greater Amman Municipality. To achieve this, a descriptive-analytical quantitative approach was employed. The study population consisted of all employees of the municipality, totaling approximately 9000 individuals. The sample size was determined using a formula that takes into account the population size, resulting in a representative sample of 385 employees. The findings of the study indicate that the levels of leadership styles, including transformational, transactional, and democratic leadership, were found to be moderate. Similarly, the organizational performance was also assessed to be at a moderate level.

Waste disposal management is an important process to be handled with much care. In India, Chennai city alone generates 5.6 tons of waste every day. One of the primary problems of the present era is the detection, monitoring, and management of waste. Manually monitoring of garbage in waste bins throughout the city is a complicated and time-consuming process which requires more human work, time, and money. This research work, an automated garbage compacting and IOT Based Level Monitoring system is developed. This is a cutting-edge approach to trash management that is fully automated. Trash compactor that uses integrated infrared and ultrasonic sensors to detect the trash level inside the trash containment unit. This garbage compacting and IOT Based Level Monitoring technology is quite unique, which monitors the waste bins continuously and provides information on the quantity of rubbish collected in the bins via a web page. The information is sent to the appropriate city or municipality corporation via a website. Apart from other systems, this leverages linear actuators to compress and compact the collected garbage. Thereby yielding accurate levels of garbage, which in turn reduces the misinformation communicated by the other systems and energy efficient due to reduction of the manpower.

The objective of this study is to examine the impact of digital transformation on the performance of the procurement process within the Government Procurement Department/Ministry of Finance. The participants in the study included employees from the Government Procurement Department/Ministry of Finance, individuals involved in the procurement process, as well as bidders, contractors and governmental entities and units that are officially registered with the Government Procurement Department on the electronic system known as JONEPS. A sample of 265 individuals was randomly selected from the study population. The results of the study indicated a statistically significant influence, at a significance level of α ≤ 0.05, of various dimensions of digital transformation (namely, structural changes, digital empowerment, digital leadership, and digital implementation of business strategies) on the development of the procurement process performance across all its dimensions, including service recipients, internal processes, learning and innovation, and the environmental dimension.

Non-destructive testing (NDT) is a method used by industries to examine materials, parts, structures, or systems for any differences or defects, such as welding issues and electronic heating issues, without causing damage to the original materials. Thermography, a type of NDT, employs infrared cameras to detect defects characterized by temperature variations and produce thermal images. Thermography encompasses two main types: passive and active thermography. Passive thermography is primarily utilized for condition monitoring, while active thermography is geared towards defect detection. The kit involves an external heating source and an infrared detector to identify defects. In this project, a compact Active thermography system was developed employing the FLIR Lepton 3.1R infrared camera alongside a flash lamp and an induction coil as dual excitation source. This system successfully identified overheating issues in electronic PCBs, pinpointing CPU, and filter malfunctions, as well as overheated regions in metal materials. Active thermography finds applications across various sectors including electronic PCBs, metals, and composite materials. The portable nature of this active infrared thermography system enables the detection of defects in electronic components, including counterfeit ones prone to heating issues leading to damage. By pre-emptively identifying minor defects, it prevents damage caused by excessive heating before it occurs. Furthermore, this system proves instrumental in identifying machine failures and system malfunctions, thereby enhancing reliability across fields such as electrical wiring, electronics, mechanical systems, and machinery.

The primary objective of this study was to ascertain the various dimensions of ethical leadership (including the presence, implementation, and encouragement of ethical behavior) and their influence on the enhancement of organizational pride at the Northern Technical University in the Republic of Iraq. In order to accomplish this goal, a descriptive-analytical approach was employed. The findings of utmost significance indicated a statistically significant impact, at a significance level of α ≤ 0.05, of ethical leadership in both its composite and individual dimensions on the promotion of organizational pride at the Northern Technical University in the Republic of Iraq.

India is one of the most suitable countries for agriculture, yielding numerous varieties of crops annually. However, in recent days, the condition for agriculture has changed drastically due to the influence of various environmental factors like climatic conditions, nature of soil, pollution levels, natural hazards etc. Addressing these challenges in Indian agriculture, a portable crop prediction system equipped with various sensors is developed for real-time data collection on temperature, humidity, pH, soil fertility, soil moisture, and rainfall. This system leverages machine learning and IOT technology, integrating historical and real-time sensor data collected to accurately predict crucial environmental factors. By implementing MPL classifier, XG Boosting classifier and bagging classifier machine learning algorithms the datasets are trained and tested for its accuracy, there by finding the most suitable machine learning algorithm for crop prediction. XG Boosting classifier is the most suitable machine learning algorithm for crop prediction. Driven by Arduino Mega and Zigbee modules, the system utilizes the XG Boost classifier algorithm to predict crop yield and recommend suitable crops. The system aims to enhance agricultural productivity by providing farmers with live sensor data display and crop recommendations through a web-based platform, facilitated by Node MCU. This Portable crop prediction system provides farmers with actionable insights, enabling them to adapt to changing environmental conditions and optimize crop productivity. It also offers farmers comprehensive environmental profile of their agricultural land, enabling informed decision-making and optimization of agricultural practices. This promotes sustainable farming practices and efficiency, resonating with the environmentally conscious mindset of Gen Z farmers.

This chapter intends to explore the association between different administrative leadership styles and counterproductive behaviors within the Ministry of Municipality and Environment (MME) in Qatar—Planning Sector. The study population represented 493 administrative leaders employed in the ministry, with a subset of 209 participants included in the analysis as a study sample. A descriptive research design was employed, and data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Various statistical methods, such as frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviations, Pearson correlation coefficient, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, One Way ANOVA, t-tests, and multiple regression analysis, were utilized. The key findings revealed a significant negative correlation (p < 0.01) between democratic leadership style and counterproductive behaviors (−0.369), a significant positive correlation (p < 0.01) between autocratic leadership style and counterproductive behaviors (0.552), and a significant positive correlation (p < 0.01) between laissez-faire leadership style and counterproductive behaviors (0.650). Based on these findings, it is recommended that HR management experts be involved in addressing this issue and that leadership styles training be enhanced.

The trajectory tracking control problem for electrically driven redundant robot manipulators is the focus of this research. A unique control technique is given for the electromechanical system by merging the kinematics and dynamics of the manipulator with the actuator dynamics. The controller of this electromechanical system is designed both at the actuator and dynamic levels. The proposed control strategy uses a model-based controller with a model-free radial basis function neural network-based controller with backstepping controller and an adaptive bound to simulate uncertain non-linear mechanical dynamics. A radial basis function neural network is used to estimate the behavior of the unknown electrical dynamics. The designed controller successfully completes both the subtask tracking and the trajectory tracking. In order to produce the required currents and torques, the direct current motors are also controlled by the control system that was created. By applying Lyapunov stability theory, it is demonstrated that the control system is stable and the errors are asymptotically converging. In order to demonstrate the efficacy of the suggested control strategy, simulation results are generated for the rigid link electrically driven redundant robot manipulators.

The focus of this study is to examine the impact of visionary leadership on strategic project management within a metal establishments. Visionary leadership plays a crucial role in enhancing the sustainability and long-term survival of organizations. To measure and evaluate visionary leadership, this paper will utilize a descriptive-analytical approach, focusing on four key dimensions: vision, values, inspiration, and empowerment. The findings of this study demonstrate a significant relationship between these dimensions of visionary leadership and strategic project management. Strategic project management is shown to be closely associated with visionary leadership, as it provides direction, fosters organizational culture, and facilitates proactive problem-solving. The objectives of this paper are to define the concept of visionary leadership, highlight its importance and characteristics, and provide a practical illustration within the context of metal industry. Furthermore, this paper aims to delve into the theory of visionary leadership to enhance its practical application in the metal industry. In conclusion, this paper emphasizes the significance of measuring and improving the practice of visionary leadership in the metal industry. This can be achieved through clearly communicating the vision to employees, continuously enhancing visionary leadership practices, and guiding employee behavior based on the vision and values. These efforts will ultimately contribute to the improvement of strategic project management within the industry.

Globally, there is a shift towards sustainable fuels and transportation methods due to mounting environmental concerns and depleting fossil fuel sources. A viable decarbonization and environmentally friendly transportation option that arises from popular demand is electric automobiles. Future smart cities can be built more quickly due to the advancement of EV technologies that have the potential to revolutionize sustainable and intelligent transportation. A paradigm change toward sustainable alternatives is becoming more necessary as the whole community struggles with the environmental issues raised by conventional transportation systems. The primary focus of this research is to explore the various facets of the growing sustainable transportation trend as the world's transportation landscape changes due to technological advancements and environmental concerns. Drawing from an extensive array of secondary sources, including literature, case studies, journal articles, and online searches, this research examines the transition's effects on the environment, economy and society, highlights the study as to how the revolutionary electric vehicles can be in reducing global warming and advancing sustainable urban development. This paper examines the new direction that electric vehicles (EVs) are taking in the development of environmentally friendly transportation. Based on an extensive analysis of current research, this report explores the advantages for the environment, financial implications, and society that come with the broad use of electric vehicles. The study also addresses obstacles that stand in the way of a fully developed sustainable electric vehicle ecosystem and offers suggestions for how to get past them. Policymakers, business stakeholders, and scholars interested in the future of sustainable transportation can benefit greatly from this research's sophisticated analysis of the current state of affairs. When used in the aforementioned context, the study's strategic sustainable development viewpoint should be able to lessen the likelihood of sub-optimizations in community and transportation system development. It broadens the analysis beyond the more popular focus on climate change issues. A more democratic, participatory approach to community development with a scientific basis might be encouraged by the general support for multi-stakeholder collaboration.

The objective of this research is to examine the influence of various dimensions of transformational leadership, namely idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration, on dimensions of organizational excellence, including creativity, innovation, and entrepreneurship, within the context of Arab Bank. Transformational leadership was selected as the independent variable, while organizational excellence served as the dependent variable. A descriptive-analytical approach was employed by the researchers, who utilized a survey as the primary instrument for data collection. The study sample consisted of employees affiliated with Arab Bank in. Notably, the findings revealed a significant and positive impact of the combined dimensions of transformational leadership on the enhancement of organizational excellence.

Ensuring optimal food quality is essential in the dynamic realm of online food delivery services, as it directly impacts consumer satisfaction and provides a competitive edge. This study examines the utilization of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) techniques, namely the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), to assess and prioritize online food delivery services according to different quality characteristics, with Food Temperature upon Arrival (FT) being identified as the most crucial component, followed by Freshness of Ingredients (FI), Presentation of Food (PF), Accuracy of Order (AO), and Portion Size (PS). The AHP research indicates that FT and FI have the most significant influence on customer satisfaction, whereas PF, AO, and PS have less significant impacts. The research employs the TOPSIS approach to evaluate and prioritize three prominent online meal delivery platforms—Zomato, Swiggy, and Uber Eats—using a normalized decision matrix created from the selected parameters. The Weighted Normalized Matrix derived from TOPSIS analysis demonstrates that Zomato outperforms the other alternatives in most parameters. The results emphasize the need of giving priority to food temperature and freshness to improve the quality of delivery. This research enhances the field by showcasing a successful method for evaluating the quality of service in the online food delivery industry.

The main aim of this study is to understand the basic conditions for the use of mobile learning technologies by social studies teachers in Jordan, taking into account overall quality standards. The sample consists of 114 teachers. To achieve the aim of the study, a survey questionnaire consisting of 17 items was necessary, which was subject to normative assessment and assessment of research reliability. The results survey shows that the level of student acceptance of mobile learning is moderate. In addition, significant differences were found between students’ perceptions of engagement in mobile learning based on gender, with students’ better self-awareness among female students.

Optimizing traffic flow at signalized intersections is essential for improving urban mobility in mixed traffic environments. This research paper explores dynamic Passenger Car Units (PCUs) at signalized intersections in Indian cities, addressing a range of vehicle types. A specialized methodology was developed to accurately calculate PCUs and saturation flow rates under various traffic conditions. The study evaluates the impacts of traffic composition, lane width, and approach grade on saturation flow rates. Key findings indicate that lane width and turn radius significantly affect the capacity of left-turn lanes, highlighting their critical role in enhancing intersection efficiency. Additionally, as traffic volume increases, PCU values decrease more for heavy vehicles compared to smaller ones, and peak-time saturation calculations reveal higher degrees of saturation at lane approaches.

The primary objective of this study is to ascertain the degree of job satisfaction and its impact on employee productivity at the University of Jordan Library. The research employed a descriptive-analytical approach, utilizing a sample of 91 individuals. Data collection was facilitated through the use of a questionnaire, and subsequent statistical analysis yielded several noteworthy findings. Firstly, there was a significant positive correlation between job satisfaction and employee performance effectiveness. Secondly, wages and incentives were identified as significant factors in enhancing employee performance effectiveness. Thirdly, the work environment was found to have a significant influence on employee performance effectiveness. Additionally, personal characteristics were shown to play a significant role in raising the level of employee performance effectiveness. Finally, the dimensions of job satisfaction were found to have a significant impact on employee performance effectiveness. Based on these findings, it is recommended that further research be conducted to explore the relationship between job satisfaction and other variables.

This study evaluates the safety of vulnerable road users (VRUs) at crosswalks on urban roads, focusing on pedestrian and cyclist safety. The objective of this research evaluates pedestrian safety in urban mid-blocks under mixed traffic conditions using the Temporal Proximity Surrogate Safety Approach. Key surrogate safety indicators assessed include Pedestrian Safety Margin (PSM), Post Encroachment Time (PET), and vehicle approaching speed. Data from a continuous video survey of three mid-block sections were analyzed using Kinovea and SPSS’s k-means clustering, examining 1012 pedestrian-vehicle interactions for PSM and 989 for PET. Findings indicate pedestrians are safer when PSM exceeds 2.94 s and vehicle speed is below 35.64 km/h. For PET, safety is greater when the time is over 2.46 s (VPF) or 2.50 s (PPF), with vehicle speeds below 31.52 km/h (VPF) and 31.07 km/h (PPF). Males and smaller vehicles (2W, 3W) exhibit lower safety margins, highlighting increased risks for these groups.

The use of information and communication technology (ICT) in education is now considered one of the critical indices for measuring the progress of a nation—a point that has been underscored by the COVID-19 pandemic. The primary goal of this research is to develop a virtual classroom through Microsoft Teams targeted at students in the twelfth grade who would be taking up the Information Technology unit from the Action Pack English book during their first semester. The study sought to investigate not only how effective e-learning was on the academic performance of the students but also its influence on their attitude towards the subject. It underscores that without any doubt, ICT should form an integral part of education. Findings showed that e-learning plays a significant role in enhancing academic performance among learners which, in turn, helps in fostering positive attitudes towards learning. Participants included students from Sahab Secondary School for Boys. Among other recommendations include creating awareness on e-learning culture, providing necessary technical support as well as teacher training and a mix between traditional and e-learning approaches for delivery.

Numerous facets of the business sector are being profoundly impacted by artificial intelligence (AI). The main benefit that early adopters of AI have seen is enhanced inventiveness. With its many benefits, artificial intelligence (AI) has found several uses in new product development (NPD). It is anticipated that NPD would embrace AI at its fastest rate by the end of this decade, with a window of 13–15 years for broad implementation. This study focuses on the three key areas in the new product process where artificial intelligence may significantly improve. According to Rogers’ innovation diffusion curve, AI for NPD will be available in early 2023 at the “early adopter” level. Based on a number of studies, the article identifies adoption barriers, including a weak business case, perceived prohibitive adoption costs, a lack of organizational preparedness and the appropriate attitude, as well as hazards and ethical concerns related to AI.

The realm of education and pedagogy is undergoing significant advancements propelled by rapid technological progress, leading to the integration of technology into the educational process. Among the areas profoundly influenced by these technological developments is educational supervision. Educational supervision holds a crucial role in enhancing the quality of education and overall educational processes, offering guidance and support to both teachers and students, as well as improving teaching practices within classrooms. In Saudi Arabia, educational supervision stands as a fundamental pillar in maintaining and elevating the standard of education, aligning with the objectives set forth by Saudi Vision 2030, which prioritizes the improvement and development of educational systems. This study aims to thoroughly examine the concept of electronic educational supervision, elucidating its rationale, objectives, and significance. Additionally, it provides a comprehensive overview of its implementation in Saudi Arabia, identifies the primary challenges hindering its adoption, and presents recommendations to effectively activate electronic educational supervision, thereby maximizing its benefits and contributing to the advancement of the educational and supervisory processes in the Kingdom. The results of the study suggest that the utilization of electronic monitoring in the realm of education has the potential to enhance the quality of education and improve the overall effectiveness of the educational process. Additionally, the findings shed light on the diverse obstacles that arise during the implementation of electronic supervision, encompassing technical, administrative, and operational challenges. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the necessity of enhancing the technical infrastructure in schools and educational institutions, as well as offering comprehensive training programs for educational supervisors in the field of educational technology.

Purpose: The central focus of the study is to identify the moderate affecting factors which can be focussed for further improvements by online food aggregators for achieving success in the long run. Design: Primary data was collected with 386 respondents from Palghar district, Maharashtra State. The data was run through SMARTPLS 3.0. IPMA was analyzed for the data. Findings: The results suggest that discount feature and quality of system for online transactions need further improvement. Originality: The paper highlights the key issues the online food delivery aggregators need to focus to gain a favourable attitude and perception of customers. Paper type: Empirical Analysis

The widespread occurrence of cybercrimes in the digital age poses significant challenges to legal systems worldwide. This study aims to explore various aspects of cybercrime, with a specific focus on brand infringement and digital piracy. It examines international responses to cybercrimes, highlighting important agreements and treaties that aim to address these challenges. Furthermore, the paper analyzes the different legal approaches taken by countries such as Egypt, Jordan, and Qatar, providing examples of the range of penalties imposed for cyber fraud. The study also delves into Saudi Arabia’s legal framework, specifically the provisions of the Saudi Anti-Cybercrime Law, which was established to combat electronic crimes. It outlines the legal measures in place, including penalties for cyber fraud, and evaluates their effectiveness in deterring such offenses. In order to enhance cybercrime prevention and enforcement, the study offers several recommendations, including increasing public awareness, revising existing legislation, and implementing stricter penalties for severe cases. It emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach to addressing cybercrime, one that balances technological advancements with robust legal frameworks to safeguard individuals and businesses from the growing threat of digital criminal activities.

This study explores the synthesis and characterization of a novel bio-based cutting fluid derived from Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) via pyrolysis. The research addresses the environmental concerns associated with petroleum-based lubricants by developing a sustainable alternative. The process involves converting WCO to Modified Waste Cooking Oil (MWCO) through pyrolysis at 250–300 °C, which is then formulated into a Bio Cutting Fluid (BCF) using water and Tween 80 as an emulsifier. BCF demonstrated superior physicochemical properties compared to WCO, MWCO, and Conventional Cutting Fluid (CCF), including a lower acid value (0.908 mg KOH/g), peroxide value (40.13 mg KOH/g), and iodine value (47.31 gI/100 g). BCF also exhibited a balanced viscosity (32.91 cSt) and density (0.901 g/cm3), promoting better heat transfer and handling characteristics. Performance analysis on a lathe machine showed that BCF significantly reduced thrust and cutting forces compared to dry cutting. At 500 rpm, thrust forces with BCF ranged from 9.81 to 58.86 N, compared to 392.40 to 4296.75 N without coolant. BCF provided more consistent and predictable cutting conditions across various speeds and depths of cut, potentially leading to reduced tool wear and improved surface finishes. These findings suggest that the developed bio-based cutting fluid offers a promising, environmentally friendly alternative to conventional cutting fluids, with improved machining performance and potential benefits in terms of energy efficiency and tool longevity.

Globally, educational advancement is hindered by significant challenges related to financing, as economic factors play a crucial role in supporting the educational process. Therefore, it is imperative to explore various strategies to ensure the sustainability of education by diversifying its financial sources. This research focuses on Saudi Arabia and examines different alternatives for financing education, with a particular emphasis on the role of Saudi Vision 2030 in encouraging educational institutions to seek diversified funding sources to support education in the kingdom. The findings of this study confirm that sufficient and sustainable financing for education has a substantial impact on improving its quality and ensuring equitable access for all segments of society. Additionally, the study highlights the pivotal role of investing in educational technology in expanding access to education and enhancing its quality. The main recommendations include strengthening public–private partnerships, increasing investment in educational technologies and adopting sustainable financial plans. By implementing these recommendations, Saudi Arabia can enhance educational outcomes and make significant progress towards achieving the ambitious goals outlined in Vision 2030.

Earlier days the prosthetics are not customizable. In operation theatre, the implants are placed over the patients by cutting or modifying the implants during the surgeries. The surgery time is increased during this modification. In this project, first getting the CT/MRI images of the patient in DICOM format and then importing the images into 3D slicer and converted it into 3D model. Then identify the defect parts in the 3Dmodel and segmented the region of interest or defected parts in the 3D image. Designing an implant or prosthetics to fit perfectly over the ROI or defect parts. Then the accuracy of the superimposition is checked, the accuracy is increased to the maximum level. Then patient is being put in supine position and the 3Dmodel is superimposed over the real patient and markings are done. The doctors make the plan with the information gathered from these site markings. At last, the patient is ready for surgery.

Due to the huge amount of plastic waste generated in the world and the serious damage and threats to the environment and human health caused by this waste, there is a need to address this problem and find appropriate waste management solutions, especially plastic waste. As Saudi Arabia ranks among the top countries in terms of electronic and plastic waste, concerns about the state of the Saudi environment are growing. Waste management is an unsolved problem that requires further solutions. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the concept of plastic waste, identify the main environmental risks associated with plastic waste, and show the environmental impact of plastic recycling. Additionally, the study aimed to review all efforts of the Saudi Arabian government to protect the environment and present the most important applications of artificial intelligence used in plastic recycling. The study results showed that recycling plastics can help remove environmental pollution and reduce pressure on natural resources, thereby improving air, water and soil quality. The results showed that there is an urgent need to activate artificial intelligence solutions to improve the efficiency of plastic recycling, such as activating biological applications and artificial intelligence to analyze microbes capable of degrading plastics, and using artificial intelligence to fine-tune the timing of the thermal degradation process for plastic.

Deep learning (DL) models using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) have proven to be very proficient in deriving complex patterns and characteristics from unprocessed electrocardiogram (ECG) data, allowing for the reliable classification of arrhythmias in different patient groups. Arrhythmias are a major problem in the field of cardiovascular health because of their wide range of symptoms and potentially fatal consequences. The primary focus of this study is to create a DL framework designed to precisely classify arrhythmias into five distinct ectopic categories found in ECG recordings and provide support to cardiologists. Cardiologists will find it easier to identify patients who may have a cardiac condition with this work since the updated characteristic replaces manually generated features and thereby assists in better diagnosis. The acquired data, from the arrhythmia dataset, is studied and proceeded for the required preprocessing which involves upsampling and downsampling. After understanding the preprocessed data by visualizing tools, to enhance model robustness, data augmentation is applied by adding Gaussian noise. The CNN architecture comprises three convolutional layers, batch normalization, pooling layers, and dense layers and its performance is evaluated using accuracy and visualizing its training history. Analyzing the model performance graph for both the training and validation data, the model effectively classifies arrhythmia categories with 93% accuracy, highlighting its potential as a valuable diagnostic tool for cardiologists. This approach effectively classifies ECG signals, identifying various ectopic beats.

The focus of this research is to examine the systems in place for providing care and support to gifted individuals in Saudi Arabia. It highlights the extensive efforts and specialized programs that have been implemented to nurture their talents. The study emphasizes that gifted students benefit from a range of tailored educational approaches, including accelerated learning, specialized classes, and customized curricula, all while remaining in regular classrooms. However, despite these efforts, the study identifies several challenges that need to be addressed. These challenges include a shortage of specialized teachers, a lack of comprehensive data on gifted individuals, limited enrichment programs, and inadequate physical and psychological resources. Furthermore, school-related issues such as insufficient enrichment class hours and a scarcity of specialized schools further hinder the effectiveness of support. The study also notes the lack of coordination between private sectors, schools, and families in enhancing support for gifted individuals. The importance of modern educational technologies, such as e-learning, augmented reality, and artificial intelligence, is recognized for their ability to provide customized educational experiences that cater to the specific needs of gifted students. The findings of this study highlight the necessity for improved collaboration and the development of care strategies to better support gifted individuals and address the existing challenges they face.

Purpose: Breast cancer is one of the predominant types of cancer in the world. Early diagnosis of the diseased condition is helpful to physicians to plan the treatment and able to achieve speedy recovery of the individual. Aim: The objective of the proposed work is to develop an expert system using principles of artificial intelligence to aid oncologists and clinicians in the diagnosis and follow-up analysis for breast cancer. The proposed system comprises of three sections, namely, knowledge database, diagnostic toolkit, and follow-up analysis. Method: The knowledge database comprises of information related to breast cancer for quick reference of the clinician. The diagnostic toolkit comprises of survey forms and feature based rule tests for pre-diagnosis. Subsequent section includes machine learning guided biochemical tests and deep learning aided medical imaging tests for diagnosis, leads to confirmation and staging of breast cancer. The follow-up analysis aids in the assessment of the prognosis of patients. Conclusion: The proposed expert system could be a comprehensive set-up for the clinicians in their medical diagnosis and analysis and it provides a better service for breast cancer patients.

This study will analyze the current educational trends in the world and their impact on education policies and their impact on the education system, especially in Saudi Arabia, and highlight the need to understand these trends in order to raise the level of education and respond to social needs and highlighted education policies in Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia and pointed out the importance of this policy in promoting comprehensive development and building the capacity of citizens, and explained the strengths and weaknesses of this policy, such as the role of human development and the preservation of Islamic identity. In addition, the study considers the limitations of this policy, such as the lack of flexibility in its implementation and other obstacles, such as the periodic lack of development, which limits its ability to keep pace with global changes. The study also considered obstacles to the analysis and implementation of education policies in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, such as the lack of periodic analyzes and the complexity of the administrative system. The study concluded by suggesting the need to adopt flexible policies that keep pace with global developments and labor market demands, and that it is necessary to promote equitable and sustainable education and rely on stakeholder collaboration to develop the Kingdom’s education system and achieve quality, inclusion and sustainability and meet the needs of future generations.

The market for surgical robots is poised for significant growth. The use of a teleoperation setup, where the surgeon operates a master system and a robot mimics their actions as the slave, is a standard configuration in surgical robotics. One widely recognized surgical robotic system is the da Vinci Surgical Robotic system, which offers advantages over traditional laparoscopic surgery, including improved depth perception, reduced tremors, and precise surgical dissection. While the conventional robotic system is trusted and designed for specific procedures, advanced robotic systems such as NeuroArm, MicroSurge, and Sofie surgical system have emerged. Among these systems, the ZEUS and da Vinci robotic units have gained notable prominence. This article examines the statistical comparison between these two robotic systems and explores the application of advanced technologies in robotic surgeries.

Within the realm of education, this research paper aims to examine the role of technology, specifically digital tools, in addressing reading challenges and enhancing the overall learning experience. The significance of reading as a fundamental method of communication and knowledge acquisition is emphasized. The study explores various aspects of reading, encompassing its definition, encountered difficulties, and effective teaching methodologies. It delves into the causes and diagnosis of reading difficulties, as well as explores contemporary interventions, such as text-to-speech technology and e-readers, that offer support to individuals with reading impairments. Furthermore, the paper evaluates the advantages of interactive educational applications and digital platforms in improving engagement, comprehension, and retention. By integrating these technological solutions, educators can establish a more dynamic and inclusive learning environment that caters to diverse learning needs and fosters academic achievement.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurological disorder characterized by a decline in cognitive function and independence in daily activities. It is the main cause of dementia and starts mostly after 65 years of age. Motor impairment, particularly in the hand is one of the non-cognitive symptoms overshadowed by cognitive decline in AD. A comprehensive analysis was carried out to assess the hand’s motor function in individuals with AD. This review includes studies published to date and systematically identifies and evaluates relevant papers from various databases. Out of the 2671 papers that the search turned up, 602 were accepted based only on their titles, and 256 were rejected after reviewing their abstracts. Fifteen publications that examined the impact of AD on motor abilities such as grip strength, visuomotor integration, coordination, etc. underwent full-text analysis. The review reported the following outcomes: Patients experienced loss in fine motor performance and weakness in grip strength; The presence of ideomotor apraxia can be used to diagnose AD; AD patients exhibited typical fine motor patterns i.e. decrease in automation with unchanged peak velocity; There was an abnormality in the relative timing of hand and eye movements in the early phases of AD; Bimanual gestures and motor function impairments are reliable indicators of mild to moderate AD; Effective hand exercise intervention may improve motor functions of the hand.

The focus of this research is to investigate how assistive technologies are utilized in educational settings to support students with hearing impairments. The study aims to understand the impact of these technologies on learning outcomes and engagement. Employing a qualitative research methodology with a descriptive-analytical approach, the study examines the effectiveness of assistive technologies, identifies barriers such as high costs and insufficient teacher training, and emphasizes the necessity for increased awareness and involvement from families. Insights gathered from educators, students, and families demonstrate that while assistive technologies greatly enhance educational experiences, practical challenges often restrict their full potential. These findings highlight the significance of improving support systems and resources to optimize the benefits of assistive technologies in promoting academic and social achievements for students with hearing impairments.

DIP and PIP joint injuries, resulting from hyperextension or dorsal fracture dislocation, present a significant challenge in assessment and treatment. The potential for irreparable damage emphasizes the critical need for precise and effective treatment strategies. The proposed study aims to investigate dynamic splinting techniques and their clinical outcomes for DIP and PIP joint injuries, with a focus on optimizing patient outcomes and minimizing long-term consequences. A literature search in Medline, Cochrane, PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases was conducted using terms like ‘PIP injuries’, ‘DIP injuries’, ‘Dynamic Splints’, ‘Extension Block Splint’, ‘Finger Injuries’, and ‘Hand Injuries’. Full-text analysis was performed on 11 articles. Dynamic splinting approaches, including assist and extension splints, have been demonstrated to enhance range of motion (ROM) and facilitate rehabilitation in a variety of DIP and PIP joint ailments, such as fracture subluxation, dislocation, and hyperextension. Active motion exercise, combined with splinting, consistently produced positive results. The proposed study examined the challenges associated with assessing and treating hand joint injuries, specifically those resulting from hyperextension or dorsal fracture dislocation, and the importance of dynamic splinting techniques in addressing these challenges. Overall, this review seeks to enhance the understanding of dynamic splinting’s contributions to the rehabilitation of finger injuries.

The rapid development of technology has had a profound impact on the global landscape, elevating the importance of entrepreneurship education. This study recognizes the need to incorporate a variety of business skills into curricula to keep pace with new fields and trends in entrepreneurship. The information and communications technology (ICT) revolution has transformed traditional business environments into paperless environments, enabling remote assessment over electronic networks. However, intense competition in the global labor market and the trend towards outsourcing have led to the commoditization of many jobs, often forcing laid-off workers to turn to small businesses with limited success in retraining. Additionally, the culture of consumerism in the global economy is exacerbating personal and government debt problems by degrading ethical standards and customer service. This study used a qualitative methodology with a descriptive analytical approach to analyze data collected through document analysis. The results highlight the key role of business education in supporting entrepreneurship and driving economic, social and technological progress. Practical recommendations are provided to improve pedagogical practices and inform future research with the ultimate goal of developing more effective business education strategies that improve educational outcomes and support economic recovery.

Background The primary objective of this review is to examine the effects of BoNT on the functional outcomes of patients suffering from upper limb tremors. The secondary objective was to suggest a suitable method to administer Botulinum Toxin Injection in tremor patients among various methodologies followed across the literature. Methods Articles published between 1996 and 2023 were searched in CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), PubMed, Embase, Medline and Cochrane databases. There were 1240 distinct articles found after a thorough search. Based on the title, 200 results from the search were included. 189 papers were eliminated after the abstracts were reviewed. The remaining 11 articles were classified based on the treatment methodologies carried out for hand tremors. The shortlisted articles were categorized into 6 types based on the BoNT treatment Outcomes for Hand Tremors. Results The findings of the study show that BoNT significantly improves upper limb tremors and helps with ADL, QoL, GS and functional movement. Besides, utilization of various doses of BoNT such as 50 U and 100 U may end up with hand weakness as a side effect. Conclusions The study found that based on fewer side effects, BoNT significantly improves upper limb tremors and it could be minimized by BoNT therapy coupled with kinematic guidance. This showed that kinematically guided BoNT therapy could lessen the side effects compared to BoNT therapy alone.

The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the need for innovation and adaptation in business operations, as well as the indispensability of digital skills that enable them to be successful and grow significantly. The study probes into the contribution of digital education on business – more so through online lessons that are playing a big role in imparting individuals with skills highly demanded in today's job markets. One notable impact resulting from the wide adoption of remote work is that it has brought all employees under one culture which could also be referred as a blended corporate culture; and this culture is nurtured by business courses delivered using distance learning technologies that ensure effective communication and promote self-organization strategies among employees. Data collection is done qualitatively through document analysis using a descriptive analytical approach. The results bring to light primary issues and strategies of digital business education which is particularly in the realm of the pandemic context. The research provides suggestions that can be implemented in practice for improving pedagogical processes, and this work serves as an information source for future investigations that would help companies, small businesses, and students adjust to the era of digitization.

The flexural strengths of polymers are useful to determine their resistance to flexural deformation. The proposed study is the first of its kind to determine the impact of build orientations and temperature on the flexural strengths of PLA (Poly Lactic Acid) varieties and compare the results against PETG (Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol). The main aim was to investigate the influence of the build orientations and heat treatment (HT) of the polymer samples on their flexural strengths individually and together (build orientation followed by HT procedures). The primary objective was to determine the flexural strengths of PLA, PLA+, PLA Pro+, and PETG by subjecting them to HT for 2 h and 3 h individually at 100 °C after printing them at two different orientations: F (Flat), and OE (On the Edge). The polymer samples were printed in on the edge (OE) and, flat (F), and were categorized into three types based on HT durations: No HT (HT_0), HT for 2 h (HT_2), and HT for 3 h (HT_3). The results of the flexural strength tests showed that PETG F_HT_2 and PLA OE_HT_2 exhibited the highest, and second-highest flexural strengths i.e. 255.78 (± 7.69) MPa (Mega Pascal), and 253.34 (± 7.04) MPa, respectively. The study demonstrated the influences of build orientations and HT individually and together on the flexural strengths of the polymers. In summary, the various flexural strengths of polymers offer special advantages in industrial robotics, orthotics, prosthetics, and implants by enabling material selection that suits specific application requirements.

Integrating business studies into the curriculum is becoming increasingly important to improve business-oriented skills, academia-industry interactions, and economic development. A business degree program helps shape students to be more employable and productive in the workplace. This study highlights the need and importance of a business degree program to enhance students’ skills in line with the demands of the twenty-first century workforce. The study provides an overview of the needs of the modern workplace, key competencies and industry readiness. Emphasis was also placed on a literature review regarding the challenges faced by primary school graduates. It also serves as teaching support for business education in the modern world. A qualitative research approach is used to collect data using descriptive and analytical tools. The study concludes that there is a need for reforms in curriculum, pedagogy and assessment methods to ensure employability and human resource development in the current higher education system in India. The reason for such reforms in these segments is to prepare students for work. The article highlights the importance of integrating business studies into the secondary and higher education curriculum in order to develop skills, adapt them to the realities of the workplace and create a collaborative relationship between educational institutions and the professional world. The study provides a fundamental explanation of the need for a business studies curriculum, taking into account the challenges faced by graduate students and epistemological changes aimed at designing the curriculum to keep pace with change. Future research on this topic will involve collecting more data from around the world to compare and analyze business curricula and workplace competencies, and will aim to implement curriculum changes around the world.

Hand grip strength (GS) is reduced when fingers are excluded in pairs and triplets. The ratio is determined by the number of excluded fingers. The study's primary goal was to see how enslavement effects (EE) affected grip strength during multi-finger exclusions in primary and secondary hands. The study included 99 healthy male individuals ranging in age from 20 to 70 years (mean (SD), 31.78 (13.30)). Based on the finger configurations chosen, L (Little), R (Ring), M (Middle), I (Index), and T (Thumb) were eliminated in pairs: RL, IM, and IT, and a triplet: IMT utilizing finger braces. They were IMT, MRL, RL, and RLT, with the exclusions RL, TI, IMT, and IM. The mean GS of the IMT configuration was 17.59 kg, which was greater than the RLT, which was 14.06 kg since the IMT configuration includes the most and second most independent fingers, T and I, as well as the greatest contributing digit to GS, M. According to the study's findings, the EE has a considerable influence on the GS during multi-finger exclusions.

The purpose of this research is to investigate how managerial creativity, which encompasses fluency, flexibility, originality, elaboration, and problem sensitivity, influences the competitive advantage of telecommunications companies. The study utilized a quantitative approach and targeted senior and middle management employees in Umniah, Zain, and Orange, three prominent telecommunications companies. A total of 565 employees participated in the survey, which was distributed electronically using purposive sampling. Out of the 322 retrieved questionnaires, all were deemed complete and valid for analysis. The findings revealed significant statistical effects (α ≤ 0.05) of managerial creativity and its dimensions on competitive advantage in the telecommunications industry. As a result, the study recommends that the surveyed companies prioritize their information systems to enhance sales volume and improve their capacity to retain and foster creative expertise.

The advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) has opened up various possibilities in the healthcare sector by enabling fast interventions and real-time monitoring which connects worldwide. The conventional method of the patient monitoring system has some limitations in screening the 24-h live data and camera footage. The proposed study aims to develop a live patient monitoring system using IoT, allowing caretakers and doctors to remotely access and monitor patient’s health status by collecting data from sensors such as Heart Rate, Temperature, SpO2, and a Live camera to monitor the 24 h patients activity and this data will be transmitted wirelessly through a Wi-Fi module, to view the collected data, the custom website has been built with the simple interface to view the information and parameters of the patient the website is hosted on the local server. The implementation of IoT in the health sector provides real-time data of patients to doctors and care providers without any delay.

The objective of the research is to examine the influence of strategic thinking on crisis management, focusing on the employees. The study encompasses two variables: an independent variable and a dependent variable. The independent variable, strategic thinking, was assessed through four dimensions: holistic thinking, abstract thinking, diagnostic thinking, and planning thinking. On the other hand, crisis management, the dependent variable, was evaluated based on three dimensions: the birth phase, the growth and maturity phase, and the disappearance phase. To measure these variables, a questionnaire consisting of 39 items was specifically designed. The target population for the study included 2034 employees across the bank's branches, including the headquarters. The questionnaire was distributed to a sample of the population, and a total of 340 valid responses were received, resulting in an 85% response rate. In order to analyze the data, the researchers employed the descriptive analytical method and utilized various statistical tests through the SPSS program. The study yielded several noteworthy findings, the most significant of which indicated a statistically significant impact of the dimensions of strategic thinking on enhancing the level of crisis management. Furthermore, a weak, positive correlation between the dimensions of the two variables was observed. When it comes to crisis management, strategic thinking played a role in 8.4% of the process, while diagnostic thinking proved to be the most influential factor. To improve crisis management, the study suggests developing a stronger ability for holistic thinking. This can be achieved by conducting a more comprehensive analysis of the external environment, allowing for a better grasp of potential challenges and opportunities.

Typically, as individuals grow older, they frequently encounter physical conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, it is essential to monitor the health of older people to be prepared for any potential emergencies. The primary objective of this project is to present a prototype that focuses on a blood oxygen level monitoring and alert system. The aim is to create a specialized real-time monitoring system for the elderly that can accurately measure heart rate and peripheral capillary oxygen saturation level (SpO2), and also issue alerts for abnormal blood oxygen levels. Our main goal is to replace multiple electrical cords used to measure vital signs like heartbeat, body temperature, motion, and falls, with a single wireless patch that interfaces with the skin. The patch is designed to be user-friendly for both healthcare professionals and patients, enabling continuous monitoring of the parameters round the clock, 24/7. Additionally, it can be used for remote patient monitoring, reducing the need for frequent hospital visits due to minor inconveniences. Pulse oximetry is employed as a test to assess the oxygen content in the blood. It is a quick and painless method to evaluate how effectively oxygen is reaching the body's extremities, including the arms and legs. The real-time monitoring system outlined in this research facilitates the assessment of heart rate and peripheral capillary oxygen saturation level (SpO2) in elderly individuals. This is made possible through the use of a wireless patch applied to the skin surface. An alerting system is also implemented to notify caregivers and surrounding individuals in the event of any abnormalities. The suggested model functions as a real-time monitoring solution specifically designed for the elderly, providing measurements of heart rate and SpO2. A SpO2 sensor is utilized to obtain the blood oxygen level, which is then updated in the cloud through an IoT module and stored locally in a database using an SD card module. If there are any abnormal blood oxygen levels, an alert is triggered through SMS notifications for caregivers and an audible buzzer for those nearby.

Examining how generative learning can enhance elementary school students’ speaking and listening skills, this descriptive study delves into the constructivist learning theory's influence. Aimed at boosting productivity and addressing inadequate math performance, generative learning is explored as a tactic for promoting idea generation and connecting it to communication abilities. The main research goal is to scrutinize the correlation between idea generation proficiency and the establishment of successful speaking and listening skills in primary school students. By highlighting the significance of unique teaching methods that engross students in the learning process, a study explores crucial terms, explains how to connect idea creation with communication skills, and offers notable suggestions for educators and stakeholders. This study positions educators as leaders and instructors, and endorses generative teaching, which is congruent with modern education principles and fosters a stimulating and dynamic atmosphere for learners. The study also underscores the essentiality of student–teacher partnership in generating great ideas. The transformative nature of education is reinforced by effective strategies that facilitate the connection between idea generation and communication skills. To prepare students for success in both academic and real-world contexts, it is essential to foster a creative and collaborative learning process. Encouraging this approach shapes a learning environment that cultivates collaboration.

Augmented reality (AR) reached a level of advancement where it can now be employed in real-time simulations, just as initially planned and envisioned. Between 2020 and 2030, AR will have an influential role in several sectors, covering the involving defense, education, and healthcare disciplines. The focus areas include manufacturing industries, vocational education, and virtual assistance. Navigation, gaming, and other hobbies are only a handful of examples. In the evolving education system, AR plays a crucial role by integrating AR into the learning environment, along with text and pictures, aligning with using various visual representations and principles of cognitive multimedia learning. This may be implemented in several other sectors as well. This study focuses on examining the influence of AR on students’ learning cognitive burden while learning about organic chemistry and discussing how the convergence of AR and AI is revolutionizing several domains and reshaping their societal influence.

This study's primary goal is to identify the variables influencing consumers’ electronic behaviour while selecting the pharmacy in Amman with which to do business. Alternative medications, reference groups, and the degree of trust in the chemist are some of the characteristics to which the initial study was exposed. These variables are included in the independent study. The dependent variable is the purchasing behaviour of electronic consumers. A randomly selected sample of Amman's consumers was given a questionnaire created by the researchers. The questionnaire was divided into two sections: the first contained personal data on the sample members, and the second had paragraphs outlining the criteria that customers used to select the drugstore. The sample size was 427 people. The study's findings demonstrated that the availability of medications, reference groups, and pharmacy layout all had an impact on customers’ pharmacy selection behaviour at a statistically significant level (α < 0.05). The responsible chemist should focus on his capacity to draw clients and increase their degree of contentment, according to one of the study's recommendations.

Research article incurred investigation of Surface roughness and MRR with dry and cryogenic machining of hard to machine material such as 52100 bearing steel. Machining parameter in this investigation includes variable feed, speed and Depth of Cut using Liquid Nitrogen (LN2) as a coolant. Objective of this research is to increase and crystallized the boundaries of green manufacturing process named as cryogenics in today’s advanced as well as developing industries over dry, flood and MQL machining. Obtained results with cryogenic machining is compared with conventional dry machining in terms of Surface roughness and MRR with end conclusion of that, cryogenic machining becoming vital leading technique when MRR is prime criteria in any machining. While considering Surface Roughness, dry machining is still best overall machining including cryogenic also. Grain structured analysis and optimization of machining parameters in terms of tool forces, tool wear etc. becoming future concern ahead with this research.

The research sought to know the effect of marketing intelligence through the independent variable (newspapers, websites, employees, and intermediaries) on marketing decisions making, an empirical investigation of Amman’s real estate firms. The research population includes Amman-based managers from real estate firms. A purposive sample was chosen and (245) questionnaires were collected. The study found that each of the marketing intelligence dimensions had a statistically significant impact, combined and individually, on marketing decision-making. The findings indicated that the website variable has the greatest influence on decision-making with an explanatory capacity of (45%), which is the highest among the study variables, and the least effect was the newspapers variable on marketing decision-making with an explanatory capacity of (24%). The study recommended the need for real estate companies in the city of Amman to provide an integrated system or department for marketing intelligence to keep looking of any developments in the real estate market, and they must continuously update information related to the real estate market and competitors, and periodically using marketing intelligence methods to facilitate the decision-making process marketing, and training employees to raise their skills and abilities in collecting marketing information.

Now, the present scenario is such that fossil fuels will soon get depleted. Thus, alternative fuel for finding the best and industrial sectors have started to grow at a fast rate since the emergence of transport. All alternative fuels, such as LPG and CNG, are available in ample quantity but they too have major drawbacks due to pollution emissions. Acetylene is used in this project as an alternative fuel for IC engines. This in turn decreases the consumption of petroleum products. Calcium carbide and water are decomposed to form acetylene gas. Acetylene gas, on burning, emits less harmful pollutants compared to petroleum products because it is produced from renewable energy sources. Thus, acetylene is considered a fairly cheap and greener fuel. In this research, combustion characteristics, performance parameters and emission of acetylene gas have been compared with conventional gasoline. In the present work, experimental tests have been carried out on a SI engine with variations of mixture ratio and ignition timing. It follows that acetylene gas allows for proper combustion with an improvement in thermal efficiency and a reduction in GHG and pollution emissions. On the other side, criticalities arise concerning safety, manageability, and combustion stability. In short, this review established that acetylene gas could act like an alternative fuel for SI engines and might have given a glimpse of the challenges and opportunities associated with their use.

This study seeks to determine the effect of lean accounting implementation on the financial performance of manufacturing firms operating in Bethlehem and Hebron. It examines manufacturing companies functioning in an unstable environment, shaped by the economic and political situation, which affects their financial performance and sustainability. The primary data is derived from questionnaires distributed to a sample of 60 manufacturing companies in Bethlehem and Hebron. Linear and Multiple Regression Analysis, using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), is employed to analyze the research questions. The researchers found a positive and significant relationship between the use of lean accounting tools, such as target costing, and the improvement and development of firm financial performance. This research recommends the further development of lean accounting tools due to their significant relationship with firm performance in the manufacturing sector in Palestine. Additionally, it underscores the necessity of providing knowledge to production supervisors and workers regarding the importance of lean accounting tools.

One of the most important aspects of structural engineering is how well buildings perform during earthquakes. This project's research examines, taking into account a number of factors, how Irregularities affect a building's seismic reaction. Using the computer-aided tools like STAAD.Pro, a comparative analysis was conducted to understand how various irregularities affect structural behavior during earthquake. The prospective project uses response spectrum reasoning that is dynamic study among STADD PRO to study the seismic response of a multi-story G + 6 RCC building with three Irregularities that is stiffness, mass, and plan. Seismic zone IV is taken into consideration and the Medium Soil is used for these project. This study compares the effect of various Irregularities with a regular building G + 6 based on storey displacement, storey drift, and storey shear. The study examines irregularities such as plan irregularity, vertical mass irregularity and stiffness irregularity among others. The verdicts of this provisional study provide valuable observations into the seismic action of constructions under different irregular conditions by considering various parameters and by using computer aided tool like STAAD.Pro this research can be very helpful for understanding the best configuration for seismic performance of the building. By analyzing all the Results of various parameters like storey shear, displacement and drift again for one results of base shear and time period, it possibly carried out that Regular Building design can show more strength and good efficiency as oppose to Irregular Building Structure.

This study aimed at exploring the impact of using the artificial intelligence in marketing banking services within the banks operating in Bethlehem. The study adopted a quantitative methodology, utilizing a questionnaire as its tool. A sample of 50 employees, working across 18 banks and their branches in the Bethlehem Governorate, was selected. The data was analyzed using SmartPLS software. The study concluded that artificial intelligence plays a vital and influential role in enhancing various aspects of marketing strategies, including promotion, service, pricing, and marketing place. The study recommended further research to confirm its findings by using both the study's models and new models that were not included in the current study. Additionally, it emphasized on the need to increase focus on the applications and the tools of artificial intelligence tools and techniques in marketing banking services activities and to develop training programs for bank employees and other companies in Palestine on the subject of artificial intelligence. The study also recommended that future research should include broader categories and new geographical areas that was not covered by this study.

Proper understanding of chip morphology and surface quality is important for the optimization of machining procedures with regard to improvement in general effectiveness while turning AISI 304 stainless steel. Moreover, the use of sunflower oil coolant in this research work is expected to provide an insight into its functionality in lessening heat generation, hence offering room for improvement in chip evacuation for a better surface finish. In this work, turning of AISI 304 stainless steel was performed using sunflower oil as a coolant in order to study chip morphology under dry and wet conditions. The main objective of this work is to assess the influence of cooling methods and cutting conditions on chip formation and surface quality. Chip morphology and surface roughness presented distinct features between coolant-assisted and dry machining. When the chips were dry, it was noticed that they would be longer and more continuous, which would probably build up edges. The surface roughness during dry machining was greater compared to coolant-assisted machining. These results prove that the surface quality of AISI 304 stainless steel turned using sunflower oil as a coolant may be considerably improved. In general, the improvement of cooling techniques and cutting conditions will lead to a great increase in machining efficiency and quality of AISI 304 stainless steel.

This study examined the impact of audit committee characteristics on earnings management in companies listed on the Palestine Stock Exchange. Employing a quantitative approach, the analysis was based on financial statements, with data processed using the statistical software SPSS. The sample comprised 30 companies listed on the Palestine Stock Exchange for the year 2022, selected through a random stratified sampling method. The findings revealed that the characteristics of the audit committee, as independent variables, had no significant effect on earnings management, though a negative impact of audit committee size on earnings management was observed. Given the lack of significant effects, the study recommends redirecting efforts towards areas beyond audit committee characteristics to enhance earnings management practices. It also suggests that these characteristics, while not significantly influential, are morally significant and should be reassessed, particularly in terms of audit committee size or composition and operational mechanisms, to mitigate any negative impact on earnings management.

The fast development of statistics era has paved the way for e- authorities structures, allowing governments to have interaction with citizens and companies in a green and progressive way. This study explores the capacity of leveraging e-authorities structures to power business innovation and collaboration. The goal is to observe how e-government tasks can decorate completeness, exceptional get entry to, efficiency, and innovation in public services. The take a look at begins by way of emphasizing the significance of completeness in imparting the necessary services to citizens and institutions efficiently. It highlights the importance of pleasant get right of entry to, which includes transparent and citizen-pleasant offerings that meet the existing and destiny wishes of customers. Efficiency is addressed as a vital aspect, emphasizing the usage of internet-based structure, shrewd device integration, and network accessibility to facilitate innovative services and channels. Furthermore, the study focuses on the accessibility of citizens to public administrations thru the net and different opportunity channels. It highlights the ability of e-government platforms, including internet access points, public kiosks, interactive TV channels, and cellular terminals, to promote transparent and interactive electronic administrative strategies with other establishments. The research acknowledges the global fashion of e-authorities initiatives and their effect on government-citizen and government-commercial enterprise interactions. It acknowledges that digital services have transformed various business sectors and at the moment are reshaping the operations of governments global. The take a look at emphasizes the function of e-authorities in presenting faster and more convenient get entry to public services, contributing to authorities’ efficiency, fee discount, and improved provider accessibility. By studying the reviews of countries which have applied e-government projects, the look at objectives to offer insights into the potential blessings and challenges related to leveraging e- authorities structures for commercial enterprise innovation and collaboration. It discusses the globalization of public services and the strategic use of statistics technology to beautify authorities’ responsiveness and citizen/enterprise engagement. Overall, this observe highlights the transformative energy of e-government platforms and their capability to force innovation and collaboration in the public zone. It emphasizes the want for governments to embody and harness the potential of these platforms to enhance carrier transport, decorate performance, and foster meaningful interactions with residents and businesses.

This study investigates the role of governance mechanisms in enhancing the financial performance of insurance companies in Palestine. To achieve the study's objectives, a descriptive approach was employed, utilizing a questionnaire as the primary data collection tool. The study was conducted on a random sample of 45 employees, both male and female, from companies within the insurance sector. A total of 45 questionnaires were distributed, collected, and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings indicate that the Board of Directors is a crucial governance mechanism significantly impacting the financial performance of insurance companies in Palestine by fostering transparency and setting clear company goals and strategies. Additionally, risk management was found to be highly effective in improving financial performance through employees’ adherence to submitting regular risk management reports to relevant stakeholders. The study also highlights the pivotal role of internal audit in enhancing financial performance by implementing a risk-based audit plan, assessing the adequacy of company systems, and ensuring employee compliance with controls.

Quantum computing in fact appears to be a form of modern advancement of computational engineering with the promise of reduced complexity in various fields hence electrical engineering is not an exception. This study focuses on the employing of the quantum computing algorithms which include quantum annealing, QFT, and QPE on circuit design and signal processing. In the case of finding solutions to these problems like traveling salesman problem, quadratic assignment problem, and job-shop scheduling problem, quantum annealing was found to perform better than the other traditional methods such as classical simulated annealing or genetic algorithms. The performance analysis showed that the QFT is more efficient for large scale signal processing whereas the QPE algorithm is more accurate for phase retrieval than the classical algorithms. For all these advantages, the problem of adaptations and corrections owing to quantum hardware imperfections, issues with error correction and interfacing with classical elements remain. The present work discusses the opportunities of applying quantum computing in electrical engineering and stresses the demand for additional investigations to solve these issues and develop the perspectives of the quantum approach usage.

Around the globe, medical systems are beset by the soaring numbers and helter-skelter finances of chronic diseases like diabetes, heart ailments, and long-term respiratory conditions. The World Health Organization has forecast that by the year 2020, fully 70 percent of all deaths will stem from such chronic diseases. Meanwhile, corporations, looking forward to big profits, are banking on a health data bonanza. In such scenario’s, authors examine AI-driven predictive analytics and what they might do for the financial health of today's political system and for reducing the death toll from chronic illness in the future. Operational efficiency in medical practices benefits from the analytical power of artificial intelligence. Precision medicine, the next stage of evolution beyond evidence-based medicine, derives its very name from AI’s main strength; analyzing vast amounts of data to find patterns. AI does not do the ordering; it is supplanted by something more human. That said, it is not equally good at all tasks, nor is it good for all patients; indeed, it may even be bad for some. AI in medicine is quite a powerful tool, and how it will be used—ethically, equitably, and effectively—remains a bit of a mystery. Ensuring that these problems do not exist is vital to enabling AI to reach its full potential in healthcare. This chapter looks at the value AI can provide in predictive analytics to help manage chronic diseases. Of course, with every great tool comes great responsibility, and the authors will look at some of the great benefits of using AI in this way, as well as some potential risks.

The Nowadays, wireless communication plays a critical role in our daily lives, enabling us to stay connected with friends, family, and colleagues through various devices such as smartphones, laptops, tablets, and smartwatches. Nowdays, few of the renowned wireless communication technologies that are mostly used include Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, 5G, Near Field Communication, Global Positioning System (GPS) etc. Overall, wireless communication technologies continue to evolve and improve, enabling us to stay connected and communicate more efficiently and effectively. Antennas are an essential component of wireless communication systems. They are used to transmit and receive radio signals, which carry information such as voice, data, and video between different devices. This chapter gives a brief of basic performance parameters of printed antenna. A brief about design mechanism of printed antennas and their advantages are listed in this chapter.

This chapter illustrates various kind of printed antennas like microstrip, dipole, fractal, conformal etc. used in wireless communication for 5G, IoT, and smart applications like smart agriculture, smart cities, monitoring systems, automotive applications, smartphones etc. as being cheap, light weightiness and simplicity in manufacturing. Following sections presents various antennas designed by researchers for 5G, IoT and smart applications. This chapter also gives some requirements and challenges for 5G communication. Overall, the objectives of 5G networks revolve around delivering higher data rates, lower latency, greater capacity, and improved connectivity for a wide range of applications, from enhanced mobile experiences to mission critical IoT deployments. Final section of this chapter provides design consideration like antenna size, operating frequency, multiband operation, optimization, MIMO consideration, testing etc. for integration of printed antennas in IoT and smart applications and various challenges facing by researchers on integrating antennas with other components for conducting consistent wireless communication and best system performance.

This work discusses new energy-harvesting circuits and designs for wearable electronics aimed at sustainable applications. The types of energy-harvesting technologies used in this study include photovoltaic, piezoelectric, and thermoelectric systems, and their efficiencies and performances are compared in real-life situations. After conducting experimental and computational investigations, the study concludes that the photovoltaic system is optimal for high-light-intensity environments, while piezoelectric and thermoelectric systems are ideal for mechanical vibrations and hot/cold spots, respectively. Real-life examples demonstrate how these circuits can be incorporated into wearable systems, reducing conventional battery power usage and increasing overall device autonomy. The study highlights the potential of these technologies to enhance the performance and energy efficiency of wearable electronics and identifies areas for improvement and further integration of energy-harvesting systems. The findings can be applied to enhance wearable device technology, particularly for discrete devices to operate autonomously without external support in various environments.

The advancement of automation technologies has generally made life easier and simpler. Automatic systems are preferred over traditional methods in today's world. Over the past ten years, there has been a significant expansion in the use of the internet, and the latest and most advanced internet technology is the Internet of Things (IoT). The phrase “internet of things” describes the growing network of everyday objects, from consumer goods to industrial gear that can communicate with one another and perform tasks while you are engaged in other activities. It is common to refer to an automated home as a home. Using computers or mobile devices, an Internet of Things (IoT) smart home automation system can remotely control standard house features and operations from any location in the globe. The proposed home automation system shows how wireless and cloud networking may be combined to save data on the cloud and provide customers with alert notifications about motion, rain, and various appliances in their home. The sensor data will be used by the system to make automatic adjustments. This system's low cost and expandability allow it to run a large variety of devices.

In present scenario, in transformation of electromagnetic (EM) simulation technology, the Machine Learning (ML) techniques hold significant potential. Because of present computational constraints of electromagnetic tools and modeling 3D structures with numerous design parameters, optimization of antenna is a challenging and resource-intensive process. The integration of Machine Learning techniques into simulation tools offers a promising solution to this issue. Machine learning algorithms have proven to be highly effective for the estimation of parameters in antenna design. In this paper, a few of such ML algorithms will be discussed, which are being implemented by researchers to compute the final optimized dimensions of the antenna designs.

The new decade, where the technology has seen a rapid growth with new age terms like Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, IoT (Internet of Things), Big Data, Cloud Computing, Edge Computing, Quantum Computing which were collectively termed as Industry 4.0. Artificial intelligence eliminated the use of the traditional rule-based systems which uses pre-determined mathematics and statistics in order to generate the final result. The concept of Artificial Intelligence was first devised by an English Mathematician, computer scientist, named Alan Mathison Turing in his work “Computer Machinery and Intelligence” in the year 1950, which eventually became the Turing Test (also known as the Imitation Game). The Turing test is used to test whether the machine have the capability to exhibit human level intelligence. Now the concept of Artificial Intelligence has come to a point where it became an integral of everyone’s day-to-day technology. Robotics is a field that makes use of the mechanical energy to perform the physical tasks that reduce the burden of a human being. It is an interdisciplinary subject as it uses a vast variety of engineering specializations like computer sciences, mechanical engineering, electronics and electrical engineering, material engineering and many more. Since the past decade, Robotics became a term associated with Artificial Intelligence, as AI is being used in robotics to perform the tasks and provide human like results to the problem. This chapter discusses about the emergence and the history of intuitive computing called Artificial Intelligence, and how AI is being used in the field of robotics in the first section. The second section delves deep into how AI and robotics are making our lives better by discussing about different application of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics. In the last section we will discuss about the future possible ventures of Industrial technologies.

Organic based dyes that exhibit fluorescence property have been explored in medical field. The growing evidences suggest that Near Infrared based squaraine dyes serve as a valuable resource for diagnosing medical related problems. Squaraine dyes are unique class of dyes that exhibit intense absorption and emission characteristics in the near infrared region with good stability and optoelectronic properties thereby making them more suitable for a number of state of art applications including solar cells, data storage, photoconductivity and diagnosis of medical related problems. They generally possess an aromatic four membered ring system with zwitterionic structure in which the electrons are highly delocalized over the conjugated bridge. In this review, with a brief introduction to the synthesis of these class of squaraine dyes, their role in bioimaging, as chemosensors and cancer detection are discussed. Additionally, future perspectives and challenges are also presented.

Brain tumor diagnosis relies on radiologist’s experience and abilities. The amount of data handled by radiologist will increases as patient increases, this causes more man power for analyzing and diagnosing patient’s data. In general, the percentage of Glioma, Meningioma, and Pituitary tumors in all brain tumors are 45%, 15%, and 15%, respectively. Deep Learning networks has revolutionized the study of brain tumor classifications. Here we used Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and different transfer learning networks such as VGG16, ResNet50, InceptionV3, MobileNetV2, Xception. In this paper we used different categories of images and labelled them as such as glioma tumor (0), meningioma tumor (1), no tumor (2), pituitary tumor (3). Among all these networks CNN outperforms other algorithms with 92.59% accuracy.

The persistent nature (toxic and non-biodegradable) of dyes has created a pressing need to develop novel efficient and sustainable technologies, that can remove dyes from industrial effluents. Photocatalysis is one of those processes that excel due to its excellent features in degrading organic pollutants under light irradiation. Due to its strong oxidative power, chemical stability, and low cost, titanium dioxide (TiO2) is well-known as a high-performance photocatalyst. However, its wide bandgap and UV-light absorption hampers its effectiveness in practical applications under visible light, so efforts have been made to dope it with other elements to improve its photocatalytic activity. This review emphasizes the use of doped TiO2 in degrading dyes from industrial effluents and its effect with noble metals (Au, Ag), transition metals (Zn, Co, Fe, Cu), and non-metals (C, N, S) as dopants. More specifically, noble metal doping functions as electron traps to improve charge separation, and transition metal doping adjusts both bandgap tuning and light absorption. Non-metal dopants can increase visible light absorption and improve photocatalytic efficiency. The review paper covers the surface, optical, and photocatalytic properties of doped TiO2 with a good degree of detail and focuses on its application for the removal of dyes from industrial effluents. It further discusses the pathways through which these dopants affect the surface, optical, and electronic properties of TiO2 and their synergistic effects on dye removal under various photocatalytic conditions. The environmental and economic viability of doped TiO2 photocatalytic applications in large-scale wastewater treatment is also explored, emphasizing its role in green chemistry approaches to industrial wastewater treatment.

The transition to renewable energy is essential for a sustainable future, positioning Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) as a vital technology due to their low-cost, flexible design, and eco-friendly attributes. This paper explores the efficiency and benefits of DSSCs using natural and synthetic dyes, focusing on pigments, electrolytes, and electrodes. Natural pigments, such as anthocyanins and betalains, offer a green alternative but face challenges in stability, while synthetic dyes like ruthenium complexes deliver higher efficiencies. The role of electrolytes, including iodide/triiodide redox couples, and electrodes, such as titanium dioxide (TiO2) photoanodes and platinum counter electrodes, is critically analyzed for optimizing DSSC performance. The study underscores DSSCs’ potential in advancing renewable energy solutions, offering insights into their development for future energy demands.

Solid Waste Management is of utmost importance due to the increased environmental issues related to non-degradation and stability over several years. E-wastes are generated due to the enormous amount e-goods used in the present-day technologies and communication devices. A simple electronic device can become useless at any time of the month/year and is same that happens with even advanced devices. Very rare cases, these devices can be recycled and valuable parts are re-used. This results in the accumulation of e-waste in a larger extent and are dumped on the open fields and raise serious environmental issues. This e-wastes consist of valuable yet toxic compounds such as lead, Nickel, polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Real innovations are required to recycle these e-wastes and will definitely create several entrepreneurs. Several trillion dollars of noble metals are dumped in the form of e-wastes causing severe environmental issues. In India, these e-wastes are generated mainly from the used electronic gadgets in the form of mobile phones, computers and display materials. This review aims to present the extent of e-waste generation, current scenarios in disposal and recycling e-wastes and environmental issues.

One of the major environmental challenges today is the increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere that is affecting the climate and contributing to global warming. To reduce this atmospheric carbon, carbon capture and sequestration methods (CCS) have been introduced. There are several techniques used to capture the atmospheric carbons like adsorption, absorption, membrane technology and etc. CO2 obtained using these techniques, are later transported and injected into storage sites. These stored carbons are going to be available in feedstocks in the near future, therefore ways to convert these carbons to useful chemicals are also being explored. Carbon dioxide is the starting material for various chemicals like formic acid, pharmaceuticals and much more. They are also a main element in the production of fuels like methane, methanol, ethylene and other polymers. Therefore, by converting these carbons into chemical will significantly reduce the usage of fossil fuels. This review will briefly explain about the recent advancements in the carbon capture and sequestration techniques and deeply explore about the methods used for the conversion of these stored CO2 to fine chemicals and fuels, as well the challenges and future prospects.

This study investigates the utilisation of concrete waste as partial substitute for fine aggregates at different ratios (R.M = 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%) to enhance the sustainable use of construction and demolition waste (CDW) and appraising their potential use in concrete compositions. In this study, concrete samples were tested for compression, split tensile, and flexure strength at 7, 14, and 28 days to evaluate the performance of the modified mix and compared with conventional concrete mix. Results of the study show that the utilisation of concrete waste as a substitute for fine aggregate up to 30% showed significant improvement in all tested parameter. Compression strength was increased from 29.17 to 39.45 N/mm2, respectively, compared with conventional concrete as shown while split tensile was increased from 3.44 to 4.06 N/mm2 and flexure strength was increased from 3.81 to 4.34 N/mm2 compared with conventional concrete at 28 days. One of the key benefits to the use of recycled materials in construction is that it directly tackles the issue of environmental pollution by reducing landfill space and by conserving natural resources. This alone adds substantial environmental benefit but also enhances the economic value of the concrete structures at the same time. This high-value application for recycled aggregates is a sustainably sound and economically viable option to safeguard the environment.

The construction of structures, particularly in the building industry, has a significant iMpact on global advancement. Although research is being done on sustainable cement, environmental problems should arise when conventional cement production technique is used. The mechanical and durability properties of M30 grade concrete with SCBA and the nanopowder improvements such Nano-TiO2, Nano-SiO2, and Nano-FeO3 are the main subjects of this study. In order to determine the roles of SCBA and nano additives in improving concrete's compressive strength and resistance to environmental aggression, OPC is partially replaced with them during this study. Our experimental approach used an organised mix design and testing technique that conforms with IS: accordance with the 10262-2009 requirements. In addition, concrete castings containing 10% SCBA and 1%, 2%, and 3% of nano-additive by cement weight were constructed and put to the test. Results show that compared to a control mix, 10% SCBA increased compressive strength by around 4.6%. Significant impacts on both compressive and split tensile strengths were found upon the addition of 2% and 3% of nano-SiO2 and nano-TiO2. Up to 2% nano-Fe2O3 quantities produced positive results; however, at larger concentrations of substances, effectiveness reduced. Reduced chloride ion permeability was found in porosity and permeability testing, primarily with Nano-SiO2 and Nano-TiO2, showing that these materials are suitable for enhancing the durability of concrete in difficult settings. It is found that by using SCBA and nano-additives, concrete properties can be improved while still using agricultural waste and modern material science. This promotes the use of green building materials and the propensity to build substantial building materials, both of which are crucial to the advancement of sustainable development.

This research examines the use of Metakaolin, Silica Fume, and Nano Silica by partial replacement of OPC and assessed mechanical characteristics of concrete. The replacement percentage for Metakaolin was 20%, 8.3% for silica Fume, and 1, 2 and 3% for nano Silica. Concrete mixes were designed for M40 grade with 0.4 water cement ratio. All mixes incorporated a superplasticizer in order to achieve the required workability of the concrete. Compressive strength and split tensile strength were mechanical properties measured at intervals of 7, 28, and 56 days. It was observed that could at 7 days, there was a compressive strength improvement when the mix included 1% Nano Silica while higher percentages produced lower strengths which could indicate some optimal early strength threshold. At the 28 and 56 days, however, all the modified mixes performed better than the nominal mix with the best result on compressive strength being on the 1% Nano Silica mix at 56 days, 54.8 N/mm2. in the same method, the use of these pozzolanic materials to the concrete also elevated the split tensile strength and it was observed at 28 and 56 days with the highest value of 4.47 N/mm2 at 56 days by the 1% nano Silica mix. These findings show the compounds’ capacity to improve the long-term durability of concrete and provide optimum mix proportions for improved mechanical qualities, which may assist in the construction of more resilient and sustainable buildings made of concrete..

Three different fuel types are employed in this research to investigate the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine: pig oil-diesel (B20), fenugreek oil-methyl esters-diesel (B40), and pig oil-diesel. Study is being done on the effects of biodiesel which is made from fenugreek and pogamia on emissions and engine performance. The required testing is applied to several mixes, including B20 and B40. The test samples’ performance and emission characteristics were examined by the researchers by varying the load to 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%. Whereas emissions measurement is based on factors like carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrogen oxide (NOx), engine performance is compared using brake specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency. Experimental results indicate that the diesel engine's performance was enhanced and its CO and HC emissions were decreased when biodiesel test mixes were substituted for diesel fuel. Only a little increase in NOx was seen when compared to diesel fuel. B20 was the biodiesel blend that fared the best in terms of performance and combustion parameters.

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is virtually entirely deaerated while it flows in the form work and can flow and consolidate under its own weight. It is sufficient to fill the areas of all shapes and sizes without causing bleeding or segregation. Because of this, SCC is especially helpful in places where total compaction is not feasible. The concrete gets fail mostly, as a result of faulty concrete compaction. To avoid this type of problems self-compacting concrete is the best solution. Numerous studies have been conducted in SCC using waste recycled aggregates. The purpose of this research is examine the compressive, tensile and flexural characteristic of SCC added with Recycled Brick Aggregates (RBA). In order to find the correct combination proportion, several testing were carried out on the properties of SCC in its fresh condition employing mix proportions, adjusting the percentage of RBA and Steel Fibers (SF) in addition to acceptable dosages of Super Plasticizer (SP). In the result it was observed that flexural strength of SCC was increased at 0.5% addition of steel fibers and 25% coarse aggregate replacement with RBA.

Tension piles are installed at an angle to the vertical to withstand lateral and inclined forces. Offshore structures and towers are often exposed to strong forces such as wave pressure, wind load, and ship impacts, which can cause them to overturn. Both tension and compression forces to the subsoil can be prevented by installing the inclined and vertical piles together. This helps ensure the stability and safety of the structure. This paper presents the result of numerical analysis done using PLAXIS 3D software and laboratory tests executed on single and double layered soil to study uplift capacity of piles under the action of pullout load. A parametric study is implemented by varying the pile material (steel and concrete), L/d ratio (12 and 16), and inclination angles (0°, 10°, 20°, and 30°). The test results indicate that the pile uplift capacity increases with increasing diameter and the steel pile have 4% more uplift capacity as compared to concrete piles. The net ultimate pullout capacity attend maximum at 0° inclination angle and thereafter decreased its values with increasing inclination angles. To ensure accuracy, our current numerical model is validated with an experimental study that was conducted in the laboratory.

An investigational study on the viability of Eggshell Powder (ESP) as a partial replacement for Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) in M40 grade concrete has been conducted to evaluate its impact on cost reduction and compressive strength retention. The choice of ESP sourced from poultry industries as a substitute material was motivated by its chemical similarity to limestone. This research involved casting M40 grade concrete cubes in accordance with IS 10262:2009 standards with cement being partially replaced by ESP in varying proportions of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%. Additionally, supplementary cementitious material (SCM) Metakaolin was incorporated up to a 20% replacement level with the resulting average compressive strengths recorded at 45.53, 50.18, 51.37, and 30.46 N/mm2. The compressive strength of these specimens was assessed after 28 days of moist curing and compared against that of traditional concrete. These outcomes were juxtaposed with the compressive strength of conventional concrete, elucidating the potential of ESP in concert with SCMs like Metakaolin to curtail cement consumption while preserving the structural integrity of concrete. This inquiry positions ESP amidst other cement-reducing agents such as Rice Husk Ash, Fly Ash, and Silica Fumes, underscoring its promising capacity to diminish cement dependency in concrete formulations without detriment to its fundamental properties.

In this study, agro-waste material like sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA), along with supplementary cementitious materials (SCM), i.e., fly Ash (FA), and ground granulated blast-furnace Slag (GGBS) are mixed in different percentages as partial replacements for ordinary portland cement (OPC 43 grade) to prepare quaternary binder. Fly ash up to a 40% maximum, GGBS up to a 25% maximum, and SCBA up to a 10% maximum were the three replacement levels that were taken into consideration. Experimental investigation was done to evaluate the physical properties of quaternary binder, such as, specific gravity, standard consistency, initial, and final setting times, soundness and binder strength. Impact of substituting agro waste along with SCM was examined to fix the trial mixes that gave the acceptable results. The binder produced strengths of 52, 51, and 53 Mpa respectively, at various combinations and comes out after a 28-day curing period. It was found that the following two combinations, i.e., (i) 50% OPC + 40% FA + 5% SCBA + 5% GGBS, and (ii) 50% OPC + 30% FA + 10% SCBA + 10% GGBS and (iii) 50% OPC + 20% FA + 5% SCBA + 25% GGBS of quaternary binders provided good initial setting time and binder strength and can be effectively utilized for preparing the quaternary concrete.. Based on the results of this study, quaternary binders offer a promising alternative for sustainable concrete production that attempts to reduce the environmental impacts caused by conventional cement production.

Ferrocement is one of the thin and versatile construction materials, having unique properties and possess many applications in the field of construction. Nowadays, elements which are prefabricated are used in construction as an alternative solution to overcome problems encountered due to formwork and henceforth to attain a better quality control. They made up of reinforced concrete and are heavy and difficult to transport and then placing them in appropriate positions is again a big challenge. Due to good structural performance and its low cost, ferrocement is nowadays used in construction. It is used to construct manhole covers, roofing/floor elements, precast units, domes, folded plates etc. This paper is centralized over a unique approach towards a comparative analysis of curing of a ferrocement slab i.e. by conventional method and by accelerated microwave curing method. The 28-day strength is generally considered as reference strength. To determine it a mortar specimen is needed to undergo moist curing for 28 days. Advanced and accelerated curing techniques can be adopted, to achieve 28 day strength and to perform economical construction. In this study, we obtained more economical results in comparison to reinforced concrete usage. The mould dimensions for the specimen of slab sample are 25 cm * 22 cm * 2.56 cm (length * width * thickness) with concern for efficient Microwave temperature and time. As per the analysis of such samples will present the test results of the flexural characteristics & deflection. Therefore, determination of ferrocement’s flexural behaviour is important. It is determined with the help of the meshes in the ferrocement slab with 2.56 cm thickness.

A unique kind of non-segregating concrete known as self-compacting concrete (SCC) occupies the macro voids inside the concrete, this eliminates the additional vibration using mechanical devices. The increased use of waste materials in the concrete ensures environmental quality The current study intends to examine the strength behavior of steel-fiber-reinforced self-compacting concrete and the partial substitution of 25% recycled concrete aggregate for coarse aggregate. The steel fibers are added at different percentage (0%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1%) by weight of the concrete. The concrete specimens were analysed for finding the compressive, tensile and flexural behaviour of Self Compacting Concrete. From the result it was found that RCASF 2 mix performed better than the RCASF 1 and RCASF 3 replacement mixes.

The region from Pithoragarh to Dharchula in Uttarakhand, India, is very landslide-prone due to its rugged Himalayan topography and variable climate. The paper discusses, through a multi-disciplinary approach of field surveys supported with remote sensing data and applications like Geographic Information Systems (GIS), the various intricate factors anthropogenic, environmental, or geological that makes this part of the land susceptible to landslides. An analysis of past landslip incidents dating back to catastrophic events near Khela village in 2009 up to those happening later in 2023 provides insights into the periodicity of these disasters, which are triggered by an intricate balance of factors such as heavy rainfall on already prone-to-slides (brittle geological formation) areas due also to human intervention through deforestation and unbridled construction. This paper extends further to talk about an analysis of road damage in the Dharchula division due to landslides; massive damages were reported on several road sections within the PMGSY (Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojna), PWD & CPWD.

Quaternary concrete mixes were casted using three supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) such as fly ash (FA), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), and silica fume (SF) in this study. The aim of this study is to improve the mechanical characteristics and sustainability of concrete by replacing some of the ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with these SCMs. It was observed that the compressive strength of various mix amounts at 7, 28, and 56 days. At 56 days, the mixture containing 50% OPC, 30% FA, 19% GGBS, and 1% SF showed amaximum compressive strength of 48.62 MPa. Furthermore, the 40% OPC, 35% FA, 23% GGBS, and 2% SF combination produced better long-term strength. The solid pozzolanic activity of FA was validated by chemical analysis, which added to its increased strength and durability. Additionally, the study identified no evidence of a substantial relationship between specific gravity and setting times. In addition to enhancing the mechanical qualities, the addition of these SCMs helped to lower the cement content, which supported sustainable building techniques. The results of this study highlight the possibility of utilising GGBS, SF, and FA to create more durable and sustainable concrete, which could have an impact on reducing energy and CO2 emissions in the building sector. To evaluate these combinations’ long-term performance in varied environmental situations, additional study is recommended.

This study examines the different use of supplemental cementitious materials (SCMs) such ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), fly ash (FA), and sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) to partially substitute ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in binders mixtures. By assimilating these materials, the study assesses their impact on the physico-mechanical properties of concrete, in that way enhancing both mechanical properties and ecological sustainability. Experimental methods needed producing 75 × 75 × 75 mm concrete specimens, which underwent curing periods of 28 and 56 days to evaluate compressive strength dynamics. Performance analysis across diverse binder concoctions revealed significant variance in strength maturation, with select admixtures like Mix B-5—which incorporates 30% FA, 10% SCBA, and 10% GGBS—outperforming conventional mortar standards at both intervals. These findings highlight the potential for strategic SCM incorporation to not only optimize concrete’s mechanical properties but also contribute significantly to sustainable construction practices by reducing reliance on OPC, thereby diminishing associated carbon emissions.

In many developing nations, tuberculosis (TB) is an important threat to public health. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a major cause of disease and death in world wide. Even though it can be cured, lack of treatment often leaves tuberculosis infection untreated, leading to the bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics. In this work, a model to describe the dynamics of drug-resistant infections caused by tuberculosis was developed. The next generation matrix approach was utilized to calculate the model's basic reproduction number. After obtaining the endemic and disease-free equilibriums, their stability analyses were performed. They were asymptotically locally stable and is increased contact rate may decrease or eradicate the sensitive strain of tuberculosis and lower drug resistance. Using random values in MATLAB to simulate the result of the TB model.

In this paper we analyse the evolution of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection among the population, we develop a dynamic model. To gain an understanding of its dynamic characteristics a thorough analysis is conducted on the model, which incorporates the treatment of susceptible class, latently infectious, infectious people and recover classes. The TUBERCULOSIS illness was the foreign infection that caused the phenomena. We used Lyapunov function to find out Global asymptotically stability to control the infection among the population. Additionally, we determine the fundamental reproduction number, disease-free equilibrium points, and endemic equilibrium point. To analyse and conclude or model by using random values in MATLAB to simulate the result of the model.

HIV/AIDS is part of the most dangerous diseases in global, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an explanation of the inflation HIV/AIDS, AIDS is a case of human deficiency of immune system known as life dangerous infections and cancer. In this research, we created a mathematical model idea to determine the disease-free equilibrium points and frame equations for the HIV/AIDS system. Using global stability concept, we find out the HIV/AIDS infection rate is decrease throughout the society. The given parameters of the equation used MATLAB to find out the numerical simulation in different values to applied and we prove the final result HIV/AIDS infection rate is decrease and is stable.

In this study, we explore the global stability analysis of a mathematical model for dog and human rabies transmission dynamics. By employing an altered Volterra-Lyapunov matrix technique, we exhibit the endemic equilibrium's worldwide stability. Using Volterra-Lyapunov matrices in conjunction with Lyapunov functions, this technique lowers matrix size without sacrificing important symmetry characteristics. Complex systems with nonlinear incidence rates can use the results. The analytical results are demonstrated using MATLAB-based numerical simulations that provide light on the stability of the dynamics of rabies transmission.

In this research, we develop a set of six equations to study the transmission of the rabies virus among dogs. We provide a vaccine controller to regulate the disease’s spread. We examine the stability of the system as well as the equilibrium points for the endemic and disease-free states to comprehend the dynamics of the illness. We evaluate global stability with the Lyapunov function. To confirm the theoretical conclusions, we also give numerical simulations in MATLAB.

Using a complex mathematical model, we investigated the worldwide stability of rabies transmission in depth in this work. Six separate compartments were created from the dog population: immune-compromised dogs, vulnerable dogs, exposed dogs, infected dogs with a furious infection, infected dogs with paralysis, and recovered dogs. After building the model, we used the Volterra-Lyapunov approach to show diagonal stability by carefully analyzing the system's equilibrium points. Additionally, we determined the critical, sensitive characteristics that might be targeted to successfully stop the disease’s spread. MATLAB was used to conduct numerical simulations to validate our findings, yielding robust outcomes and conclusions.

The medical community can get a deeper understanding of the physiological and pathological processes occurring within the human body through mathematical modeling, which can also lead to more precise and dependable medical diagnoses and predictions. There formerly was no effective medication available to save newborns from HIV-affected pregnancies. We now have the necessary medical care to save babies who do not have HIV. The HIV pandemic model is developed mathematically using the ideas of difference equations. We took treatment effects into account when building the mathematical model. For our model, we computed both endemic and disease-free equilibrium points. An effective reproduction number for the model is computed using the next-generation matrix. We further investigate boundedness and non-negativity. We also proved that HIV-free equilibrium is locally asymptotic when the basic reproduction number, $$R_{0}$$ R 0 , is less than the unity. In the HIV epidemic model, its outcomes are analyzed by way of Matrix Laboratory.

The theoretical study of the secretion of corticosterone was strong-minded. Formulae of fuzzy Weibull distribution and its α-cut sets were presented. Fuzzy reliability for the effect of plasma corticosterone in a three-parameter Weibull distribution was developed, and this model was used to calculate the reliability of corticosterone responses to predictable and unpredictable noise stress in the secretion in the given time interval. The result shows that the effect of the secretion of corticosterone decreases if the termination time increases.

The effect of corticosterone release scores was evaluated through theoretical analysis. The fuzzy mean, fuzzy three-parameter Gamma distribution, and its α-cut sets were given formulas. The most important aspect of the threshold is how long it takes an individual to cross the stress threshold on the hormone cortisol. Because there is a lack of complete real-world data, the assumptions are only partially simulated. In this work, three parameters are used. The mean of the time required to breach the thresholds in a gamma distribution with independent thresholds is found by utilizing the cumulative damage process and the shock model. Based on reliable data, the Threshold Shock model of Corticosterone infers that levels increase over time.

The Fuzzy Resolving Set (FRS) has been a developing concept in the field of Fuzzy Graph. It was accumulated based on the applications which subject to FRS. In this article, we have found a new concept that corresponds to FRS which is FRDDS and also its properties, examples and applications. Also, Fault-tolerant Fuzzy Resolving Double Domination Set (FFRDDS), Fuzzy Super Resolving Double Domination Set (FSRDDS) and Independent Fuzzy Resolving Double Domination Set (IFRDDS) have been discussed and also its contribution to the Fuzzy graph. A FRDDS combines the ideas of fuzziness, resilience, and resolution in the context of graph theory. It provides a helpful basis for handling mistakes and ambiguity in practical applications. According to the fault-tolerant feature, even if some of the resolving set's components are damaged or corrupted, the functioning of the set as a whole remains intact.

Different forms of energy are tapped every day in different means, now a day’s solar water heaters are common in all the houses, lodges and hospitals for all the hot water applications. Solar water heaters have failed to supply the designated output during cloudy and rainy seasons. Hence the newly designed dual water heating system which comprises a copper tube placed inside a Rock wool insulated stainless storage tank which will supply the hot water requirement round the clock. The new design will also utilize the organic waste generated in day today life hence paving the way for waste management. The new design will attain the required temperature (nearly 600) with in a span of 10 min.

The compression ignition direct injection engine parameters of Schleichera Oleosa (Kusum) bio-diesel mixtures with normal diesel is presented. A 4-S normal diesel engine tests are carried out with various timings of 22°, 23° and 24°bTDC with standard pressure of 220 bar. It is found that 22° bTDC for B-0 and B-50 fuel give slightly lower emissions such as hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, smoke density and oxides of nitrogen.

Hand gesture recognition (HGR) has gained significant traction in human–computer interaction (HCI) due to its intuitive and natural interaction paradigm. This paper explores the potential of MediaPipe for developing real-time HGR systems. MediaPipe offers pre-trained models for hand detection and landmark tracking, which are crucial for extracting hand pose information. We examine how these models can be leveraged for HGR, focusing on (mention your specific research area, e.g., sign language recognition, touch less control, VR interaction). The findings contribute to the advancement of HGR by showcasing the benefits of MediaPipe, including (mention relevant advantages, e.g., real-time processing, accessibility, customization potential). This research paves the way for further exploration of MediaPipe in various HCI applications, particularly in the domain of (mention your specific application area).

A set $$D \subseteq E\left( G \right)$$ D ⊆ E G is called edge dominating set if each not into $$D$$ D is adjacent with edge into $$D$$ D and with an edge into $$E - D$$ E - D . A Roman edge dominating function upon graph is defined to be function $$f:E \to \left\{ {0,\,1,\,2} \right\}$$ f : E → 0 , 1 , 2 fulfilling as every edge $$\left\{ {e_{u} } \right\} = 0$$ e u = 0 is adjacent with minimum of one edge $$e_{v}$$ e v where $$f\left( {e_{v} } \right) = 2$$ f e v = 2 . For given graph, Roman edge dominating function $$f = \left( {E_{0} ,\,E_{1} ,\,E_{2} } \right)$$ f = E 0 , E 1 , E 2 is restrained Roman edge dominating function if for each edge $$e_{u}$$ e u assuming as $$f\left( {e_{u} } \right) = 0$$ f e u = 0 is adjacent with minimum 1 edge $$e_{v}$$ e v where $$f\left( {e_{v} } \right) = 2$$ f e v = 2 and at least one edge $$e_{w}$$ e w for which $$f\left( {e_{w} } \right) = 0$$ f e w = 0 . Restrained Roman edge dominating function’s weight is value $$f\left( E \right) = \sum\nolimits_{{e_{u} \in E}} {f\left( {e_{u} } \right)}$$ f E = ∑ e u ∈ E f e u . Minimal weight of restrained Roman edge dominating function upon graph $$G$$ G is termed restrained Roman edge domination number of $$G$$ G , signified with $$\gamma_{rR}^{\prime } \left( G \right)$$ γ rR ′ G . Into this paper, we obtain precise values for few standardized graphs. Additionally, we determine its connection to other graph characteristics. We conclude by proving that choice issue for limited Roman edge dominance number holds true for every generic graph, which is NP-complete.

Quality assurance is widely recognized as a key problem within higher education institutions, since it has the potential to significantly impact the overall ranking of universities. The integration of innovative technologies has the potential to significantly improve the quality of educational institutions. The use of technology in education yields several immediate advantages, such as facilitating seamless information sharing among students and enabling them to explore novel educational experiences. The objective of this research is to identify the primary determinants of new technologies that impact the quality in the Jordanian universities. This research utilizes the diffusion of innovation theory to examine several elements derived from this theoretical framework. A research study was done, including fieldwork at five universities in Jordan, with the aim of identifying the specific technical aspects that might potentially impact the education quality process. A research approach based on the methodological approach which was used to gather data, using triangulation methodologies. Sixteen interviews were conducted with key stakeholders in Jordanian universities. In addition to conducting two focus groups, the researchers administered 232 questionnaires to a sample of Jordanian students.

The primary objective of this study is to assess the influence of marketing risks related to electronic banking services on the adoption of these services. In order to accomplish this objective and test the proposed hypotheses, a total of 510 questionnaires were distributed to a convenient sample of customers from the Arab Islamic International Bank in the city of Zarqa. Out of the total distributed questionnaires, 485 were collected, accounting for 95% of the sample, while 18 questionnaires were excluded from the analysis. Therefore, the final analysis was conducted on 467 questionnaires, representing 92% of the distributed questionnaires. To test the study hypotheses, various regression analyses, including simple, multiple, and stepwise regression tests, were employed. The findings indicated a statistically significant impact of marketing risks associated with electronic banking services on the decision to use them. Specifically, performance risks, financial risks, and psychological risks were found to have the most substantial influence on the decision to adopt electronic banking services, whereas physical, social, and time risks were found to have a relatively less significant impact. Based on the study results, it is recommended that the Arab Islamic International Bank should consider and address the marketing risks associated with electronic banking services, with particular attention to performance and financial risks, in order to enhance the provision of electronic banking services.

Some developers and clients think that the dependability of stakeholder metrics depends on the knowledge and experience of the people using them, even if the majority of them clearly need these measures. The aim of this study is to determine which of these factors produces projects with the best level of reliability. In order to find out, this article investigated and analyzed four stakeholder metrics. Measuring stakeholder risk, communication, empowerment, and involvement are the indicators under consideration. All of these statistics showed that they were quite reliable and that neither developers nor customers had any problems using them. We interviewed a few engineers in addition to hearing from consumers who had concerns and comments regarding these key performance indicator (KPI). We also examined how Jira tool metrics were used in two studies and two projects as part of our data analysis. The results showed that Jira metrics are highly reliable. This was proven by doing a statistical analysis with the Excel application. Jira is an incredible step that saves time and money because it allows users to track and report defects directly from within the Jira interface. The outcomes also demonstrated that Jira is very beneficial to the project, especially during the requirements phase.

This study aims at analyzing and evaluating the relationship between exchange rates and inflation rates and their impact on the fluctuations and value of Bitcoin. It dealt with knowledge and analysis, during the writing of this paper, which showed us that there is a noticeable impact, and many aspects were addressed, identifying each of Bitcoin and the importance of its fluctuations, and defining each. From exchange rates and inflation rates and the impact of each of them on the value of Bitcoin fluctuations, information was collected about both Bitcoin as a digital currency and its exchange rates, and the inflation equations for the states of Palestine and Jordan were taken as an example for the last four years to analyze and evaluate their results using multiple linear regression, and recommendations were made on them to be taken into consideration in the future. Accordingly, Bitcoin continues to fluctuate in its price in the long term and Bitcoin isn't considered a haven for inflation rates and exchange rates.

The study aims to identify the extent of exchange rates change and interest on Istanbul Stock Exchange returns. It follows the analysis of dynamic overlaps between Istanbul Stock Exchange and key economic indicators in Turkey using Wavelet analysis and Wavelet coherence techniques. Also, the study focuses on three basic indicators: the returns of the Istanbul Stock Exchange (BIST100), changes in interest rates and changes in the exchange rate of the United States dollar against the Turkish lira from January 2000 to January 2024.In addition, the dataset includes monthly observations of the earnings of the Istanbul Stock Exchange (BIST100), and the price of the dollar versus the Turkish lira and interest rates. The study finds that the Wavelet analysis showed the BIST100 movement was in line with broader economic trends and economic cycles, and that fluctuations in interest rates were linked to global financial crises and domestic monetary policies, and that the BIST100 movement was not only a result of economic trends, but also of the global financial crises and domestic monetary policies. On the other hand, the price of the dollar for the Turkish lira reflects shifts in economic policy and periods of political instability. The results have also concluded that there is coherence between BIST100 returns and the price of the dollar for the Turkish lira and interest rates. These relationships may be affected by external economic conditions, domestic economic policies. Moreover, major events such as global financial crises and changes in domestic monetary policies may have a profound and continuing impact on Turkey’s market and other economic indicators.

The study aims at identifying the relationship between the world oil price and the steel price and its impact on the change in the stock returns of automobile companies in the United States of America, Japan, Germany and China. The panel data of stock returns for various cars’ companies from different countries were analyzed to determine the impact of changes in crude oil and steel prices during the period of January 6th, 2000 to March 7th, 2024. The study finds a significant positive relationship between the changes in crude oil and steel prices and the stocks returns of cars’ companies, specifically, the statistical significance of the oil and steel transactions proceeds. This indicates as the prices of these commodities increase, the stocks of returns of cars’ companies also increase. In addition, the study shows that the specific effects of the country are not statistically significant. Which means that these relations are consistent across different national contexts that are involved in this industry. The study recommends including additional variables that may affect stock returns, such as macroeconomic indicators, broader market indicators, currency fluctuations and a more comprehensive model that could reveal using higher—precision data based on example hourly or minute by minute, could reveal insights into the dynamics of day-to-day internal trading and better reflect the impact of news and immediate market responses. In addition, the expansion of the analysis to include terms of interaction on the relationships between variables that might not be revealed by the current study model may, finally, highlight the unique or common factors affecting the performance of each industry’s equities, thus providing broader market insights.

The current study aimed to identify the relationship between the dimensions of strategic risk management and entrepreneurship in insurance companies in Bethlehem Governorate. Strategic risk management was represented by the following variables (document and information risks, organizational reputation risks, organizational culture risks, and human resources risks) and its relationship to entrepreneurship represented by the entrepreneurial behavior of officials and employees in insurance companies (creative, proactive, and risk acceptance). The quantitative approach was used, and the questionnaire was adopted as the main tool to collect data from officials and employees in insurance companies, totaling thirty-seven administrators and employees. The results were analyzed using the SPSS statistical analysis program and calculating the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, percentage weight, and correlation coefficient. The most prominent results were as follows: The overall degree of the impact of strategic risk management dimensions on the entrepreneurial behavior of managers in insurance companies was large, and there was a strong direct relationship between (document and information risks, organizational reputation risks, organizational culture risks, human resources risks) and the entrepreneurial behavior of managers in insurance companies. The study recommended the need for continuous follow-up by the management of insurance companies to follow scientific methods in risk management due to its importance and close connection to entrepreneurial behavior.

People all over the world are getting more concerned about the issue of climate change and this has led to the call on different organizations, including banking organizations to take an active part in sustainable business. This transition is imperative at a time when the environment is becoming sensitive with increased demands on financial technology coupled with the increase in delivery of banking services. It is therefore clear that going green is very important in banking. This presents a problem and at the same time a possibility for financial institutions to inform their clients on the advantages of green banking and to integrate green banking to the services they offer their clients through the use of technology. Therefore, this literature review which focuses on the current level of customer awareness of green banking practices in digital transition will seek to understand the above issues. After analyzing prior research, the paper will reveal how innovation in banking structures including mobile applications, online banking, and digital marketing have impacted the customer’s perception and awareness of sustainable financial products and services.

This research intends to examine the legal parameters governing interest rate adjustments in bank loans, with particular emphasis on both fixed and variable interest rates within financial legislation. Additionally, it aims to assess the impacts of these interest rate types on borrowers and lenders alike, while clarifying how each influences financial responsibilities and contract integrity. A descriptive methodology was utilized to analyze pertinent legal documents and regulations. The results uncovered deficiencies in the legal safeguards available to borrowers concerning interest rate modifications, highlighting the necessity for an improved legislative framework that aligns with technological progress in the financial industry. In light of these findings, the study advocates for the revision and modernization of legal texts pertaining to bank loans to bolster borrower rights and ensure the clarity and stability of loan agreements, reflecting contemporary technological and financial advancements.

This research examines the significance of trademarks and their essential function in differentiating products and services, as well as safeguarding the rights of both traders and consumers, particularly in light of technological progress and the growth of e-commerce. It centers on the idea of the electronic trademark, which serves as a digital commercial identity that bolsters companies’ visibility on websites and social media platforms. Additionally, the study underscores the legal obstacles tied to the protection of these trademarks within the digital realm, where some legal systems encounter numerous challenges regarding the regulation of electronic trademark registration and protection. The objective of this study is to investigate the potential infringements that electronic trademarks might encounter online and to emphasize the necessity of a robust legal framework to protect them, maintain their distinctiveness, and uphold the rights of their owners.

This research investigates the legal safeguards surrounding trademarks, with an emphasis on the shift from conventional to digital frameworks. It starts by defining trademarks and outlining the significant differences between conventional and digital varieties. The study then delves into the legal processes involved in registering and safeguarding both forms of trademarks. A key concern examined is whether current legal regulations adequately address the needs of both conventional and digital trademarks. Through a descriptive-analytical lens, the research establishes that a trademark serves as any symbol or sign that distinguishes a business’s products or services. The main role of a trademark is to set products apart and draw consumers in by improving their capacity to recognize favored goods and services. The results underscore the critical nature of robust trademark protection for sustaining market competitiveness and ensuring consumer awareness.

The research seeks to explore how digital transformation affects administrative creativity at the Social Security Corporation. It included two main variables: the independent variable of digital transformation, assessed through three dimensions—digital management, technological infrastructure, and digital skills. The dependent variable, administrative creativity, was evaluated through four dimensions: fluency, originality, flexibility, and risk-taking. A questionnaire with 37 items was created to assess these variables, targeting a total population of 550 employees within the organization’s general administration. The questionnaire was distributed to a sample of this population, yielding 310 valid responses and a response rate of 56%. Utilizing a descriptive analytical method, the researchers applied various statistical tests using SPSS software. The study revealed several important findings, including a statistically significant effect of the dimensions of digital transformation on enhancing administrative creativity. Additionally, the dimensions of digital transformation explained 67% of the variance in administrative creativity. The findings showed that digital skills had the highest explanatory power regarding administrative creativity, whereas digital management had the least explanatory power. Furthermore, it was observed that both the levels of digital transformation and administrative creativity within the organization were high. The study recommends that the pace of increasing digital transformation should be achieved by continuously focusing on updating digital systems and introducing periodic organizational changes to meet the requirements of digital transformation.

The study aims to find the relationship that exists between academic procrastination with a blend of emotional intelligence and also how irrational thinking has an influence on academic procrastination. More importantly, it seeks to explain in what way emotional intelligence can boost academic performance by decreasing procrastination. The current study uses descriptive methods of inquiry to review extant literature on emotional intelligence and academic procrastination to understand the impact of these two on academic success. These studies proves that people having high emotional intelligence show lower tendencies for academic procrastination and hence are better in academics. It also proved that changing irrational thoughts is something very important in reducing academic procrastination. As a result of these, the study recommends that educational institutions undertake a time management workshop specifically for effective organization and planning of academic activities as a means of curbing procrastination with improved academic achievement. The study further holds the view that it is very important to create an enabling environment that fosters and supports students as they build their self-esteem and confidence in various capacities to finish academic tasks.

The objective of this study is to investigate the prerequisites for initiating self-management within educational institutions, with particular emphasis on the challenges that may emerge during its execution and the subsequent impact on academic performance. Through an analysis of existing practices, the research aims to offer pragmatic solutions for the enhancement and effective application of self-management across diverse school settings. The findings indicated that the activation of self-management significantly enhances the efficacy of administrative decisions and bolsters the engagement of all stakeholders in the educational process, thereby improving the overall educational environment. Additionally, the study uncovered an increase in both school autonomy and flexibility, as well as ongoing professional development opportunities for educators and administrators. In light of these findings, the study advocates for the improvement of professional training for school personnel, the provision of essential support from higher authorities, and the reorganization of administrative frameworks within schools to facilitate the adoption of self-management. Furthermore, it recommends the establishment of incentive systems that promote active involvement from all members of the school community and the strengthening of community partnerships to enhance educational quality and elevate school performance.

This research aims to investigate the occurrence of fraud within the government sector and the strategies employed to combat and manage it. This includes an exploration of the software programs utilized, policies designed to motivate employees, and the protocols in place for reporting fraud within organizations. Additionally, the study assesses how effectively management responds to fraud reports and examines the social context of employees and its influence on fraud reporting. A questionnaire targeting a sample of government sector employees was utilized to analyze the audit bureau’s effectiveness in detecting and preventing instances of fraud, as well as the involvement of government employees in fighting fraud and how it is influenced by fraudulent activities. The research will discuss the common tools and techniques that the audit bureau employs to fulfill its vision and objectives, alongside the challenges and obstacles it encounters in revealing and addressing financial fraud within the entities it oversees. By evaluating the questionnaire responses, we aim to offer recommendations for the audit bureau based on government employees’ insights, which will help improve efficiency and effectiveness in combating fraud, ultimately contributing to greater transparency and integrity in the government sector. The majority of research concerning fraud within the financial industry tends to concentrate on the private sector, with investigations into the government sector largely limited to the functions of the audit bureau. This reveals a significant gap in understanding the roles of accountants and auditors in governmental organizations, as well as insights into employee attitudes towards fraud-related issues. Our study takes a thorough approach, examining multiple dimensions associated with the government sector. We assess the audit bureau’s role, evaluate employee awareness regarding fraud, identify reasons why employees may not report instances of fraud, and analyze the various technologies employed, all through the lens of accountants and internal auditors working within government institutions.

The objective of this study is to investigate how marketing innovation affects the quality of electronic banking services. To gather data related to the study variables, a questionnaire was administered, and a descriptive-analytical method was employed for data analysis, aiming to describe the phenomenon and the research community. The population for this study comprised clients of an electronic banking service provider, with a sample drawn from a comprehensive survey that included 400 clients. The findings of the study revealed several key insights, the most significant being that marketing innovation has a statistically significant positive effect on enhancing the quality of electronic banking services. Among the various factors, innovative promotion demonstrated the highest impact on service quality, achieving a score of 4.28, while innovative individuals had the least influence, with a score of 3.59. Based on these results, the study offers several recommendations, particularly urging the bank’s upper management to prioritize the introduction of new innovative services that align with the changing needs and preferences of their clients.

The objective of this study is to assess how managerial accounting influences decision-making processes within insurance companies. Utilizing a descriptive analytical method, the researchers focused on a study population that included all employees from insurance companies, amounting to 2826 individuals. Data collection was carried out through a questionnaire, resulting in 313 completed responses for analysis, which corresponds to roughly 92% of the distributed questionnaires and is considered adequate for the study’s aims. The findings revealed that managerial accounting practices in insurance companies received a high rating, as did the decision-making process. Furthermore, the results indicated a positive relationship between the elements of managerial accounting (such as activity-based costing and target costing) and the aspects of decision-making (including decision speed and decision quality) within these companies. In light of these outcomes, the study suggests that insurance companies should fully embrace the principles of managerial accounting due to its advantages in improving the decision-making process.

This research seeks to determine how the implementation of the COSO internal control system influences the reduction of financial failure among insurance companies that are publicly traded. A descriptive analytical method was employed to meet the objectives of the study. The independent variable, which is the COSO internal control systems, was evaluated using a questionnaire, while the dependent variable, financial failure, was measured through the KIDA model by analyzing the financial statements of the insurance companies in the study sample to gather financial failure metrics. The study focused on 17 insurance companies listed on the stock exchange, with the sample comprising 15 companies for which data was accessible for the year 2022. The study’s questionnaire was distributed to a random selection of financial managers, accountants, and auditors from the listed insurance firms. Out of 300 questionnaires sent out, 245 were returned, and 225 were considered valid for analysis. The statistical analysis results showed a significant impact from the implementation of the COSO internal control system, which includes components such as information and communication systems, control environment, risk assessment, control activities, monitoring, and follow-up, in mitigating financial failure among the insurance companies evaluated using the KIDA model. The study puts forth several recommendations, with the most crucial being: investing in modern technology and advanced accounting information systems to improve transparency and internal control, as well as providing ongoing training for employees to boost the effectiveness of these systems.

This research focused on assessing how brand dimensions—specifically perceived quality, perceived value, brand trust, and brand awareness—affect the decision-making process of specialist doctors when it comes to prescribing medications. To meet the objectives of the study, a questionnaire comprising 29 items was created and distributed to a randomly selected group of 295 doctors. Upon data review, it was discovered that 12 questionnaires were not returned, and a few others were incomplete, which accounted for 4% of the total. Thus, the number of valid questionnaires used for analysis was 283, representing 95% of those distributed. A thorough survey method was employed to align with the study’s goals. The primary findings revealed a statistically significant effect of brand dimensions on the prescribing choices of specialist doctors. Additionally, the results indicated that brand awareness exerted the greatest influence on doctors’ prescribing choices, whereas perceived value did not show a statistically significant effect. The researchers recommend improving direct engagement with doctors, recognizing their needs, and offering training and education regarding the significance of perceived value.

This study seeks to determine how the efficiency of financial analysis affects the quality of financial reports. The quality of financial reports, serving as the dependent variable, was measured through two dimensions: relevance and fair representation of accounting information. The Ministry of Industry, Trade, and Supply was selected as the case study, employing a descriptive analytical approach. A questionnaire was developed for this purpose and distributed among employees in the accounting and auditing departments of the Ministry. Out of 119 distributed questionnaires, 96 were returned and deemed valid for statistical analysis. The findings indicated that financial analysis efficiency does indeed influence the quality of financial reports within the Ministry of Industry, Trade, and Supply, showing a significant positive effect on the dimensions of report quality, specifically relevance and fair representation. The study also suggests the importance of utilizing artificial intelligence tools and information technology to enhance the efficiency of financial analysis. Furthermore, it recommended implementing advanced technologies, including software applications and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems, to boost the effectiveness of data collection and analysis.

The objective of the study is to illustrate how the implementation of Accounting Information Systems (AIS), encompassing material resources, human resources, and systems and regulations, influences the enhancement of internal auditing quality. A descriptive analytical method was utilized, and a questionnaire tailored for this study was created and distributed. Out of 150 electronic questionnaires sent out, 140 were successfully retrieved. The findings revealed several key outcomes, with the most notable being the identified impact of AIS in its dimensions—material resources, human resources, systems, and regulations—on the improvement of internal auditing quality. The study suggested that the management of the banks should prioritize the establishment of a sophisticated technological infrastructure to foster the development of innovative accounting systems, ultimately aiming to achieve optimal efficiency and quality in the internal auditing process.

The objective of the study is to investigate how strategic flexibility influences employee empowerment within the Directorate of Education in the Al-Qasr region. This research incorporates two primary variables: an independent variable and a dependent variable. Strategic flexibility, the independent variable, is delineated through three dimensions: human resource flexibility, information flexibility, and capability flexibility. Conversely, employee empowerment, the dependent variable, is assessed through three dimensions as well: delegation of authority, motivation, and training. A questionnaire consisting of 36 items was developed to evaluate these variables, and 120 questionnaires were distributed among the study population. Ultimately, 105 responses were deemed valid for analysis, resulting in a response rate of 88%. The researchers utilized a descriptive-analytical approach and implemented various statistical tests using SPSS software. The study yielded several significant findings, the most notable being that the dimensions of strategic flexibility have a statistically significant effect on enhancing employee empowerment, with these dimensions explaining 52% of the variance in employee empowerment; the remaining percentage is attributed to factors outside the scope of this study. The findings further indicated that both human resource flexibility and information flexibility significantly influence employee empowerment, with human resource flexibility demonstrating the greatest explanatory power. Conversely, capability flexibility did not exhibit a statistically significant effect on employee empowerment. The study recommeds enhancing investments in the modernization and development of technological systems to facilitate prompt and straightforward access to information, along with offering suitable training to enhance employees’ capacity to respond to emergencies and improve human resource systems.

The objective of the study is to determine how innovative behavior influences institutional excellence within telecommunications firms. This investigation focused on two variables, each comprising various dimensions. Innovative behavior, the independent variable, is assessed through three dimensions: idea generation, idea promotion, and idea implementation. Meanwhile, the dependent variable, institutional excellence, is evaluated using four dimensions: leadership excellence, human resource excellence, production excellence, and organizational structure excellence. To gauge these variables, a questionnaire with 35 items was created. A total of 300 valid questionnaires were analyzed, yielding a response rate of 83%. The researchers utilized a descriptive analytical method and conducted a series of statistical tests with SPSS software. Key findings from the study indicated a statistically significant relationship between the dimensions of innovative behavior and the enhancement of institutional excellence in telecommunications companies, with innovative behavior dimensions accounting for 80.4% of institutional excellence. The findings also showed that every aspect of innovative behavior influences institutional excellence, with the idea generation aspect demonstrating the most significant impact, whereas the idea promotion aspect had the least influence. The study recommends that it is essential to motivate employees to share their creative and innovative concepts by implementing an incentive system for those who contribute such ideas. Moreover, the organization should evaluate these suggestions and express interest in employee contributions, along with offering feedback to the contributors to enhance and polish these ideas for real-world use.

This research seeks to examine the influence of various dimensions of administrative empowerment—namely, delegation of authority, training, communication, and information sharing—on the different aspects of job satisfaction, including career development, work environment, and job tasks, within the Ministry of Agriculture. To fulfill the objectives of the study, a descriptive-analytical methodology was employed, and a questionnaire comprising 33 items was created. A thorough survey approach was utilized, distributing a total of 395 questionnaires to all personnel located in the ministry’s main building, resulting in 177 completed responses and a response rate of approximately 50%. Appropriate statistical techniques were implemented using the SPSS software. The findings indicated a statistically significant effect of the dimensions of administrative empowerment on enhancing job satisfaction levels at the Ministry of Agriculture, with these dimensions explaining 84.4% of the variance in job satisfaction. Each dimension of administrative empowerment demonstrated a statistically significant influence on job satisfaction, with the highest explanatory power attributed to the communication and participation dimension. The assessment revealed that the level of administrative empowerment within the ministry was notably high, whereas job satisfaction was rated at a moderate level. The study advocates for the development of an effective internal communication system designed to cultivate an internal communication network, which would encompass email, internal forums, and digital platforms, thereby facilitating swift and efficient access to information for all employees.

The study intends to assess the influence of digital educational technologies on the effective implementation of Individualized Education Plans (IEPs) for children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Since IEPs are considered to be the most essential documents regarding the delivery of special education services and focus on the unique needs of children, they are to be assessed comprehensively. IEPs relate directly to the enhancements that might be realized in ensuring that social communication and interaction are issues that can be addressed through digital education technologies. The study finds that the use of digital educational technologies in the form of interactive educational tools facilitated engagement improved communication and social interaction among children with ASD. Digital educational technologies made it easier to customize education to meet the unique needs of each child and also to simplify the design and implementation of their IEPs. However, the study also points out the difficulties that educators face, such as a lack of special training in teaching with digital technologies and somewhat insufficient technological equipment. It also highlights that implementation involved collaboration across disciplines. The research stressed the role of the family in helping the child become more proficient in using digital technology to enhance the quality of the educational process. In view of these findings, the development of the study would propose the creation of training programs for teachers to integrate digital educational technologies in practice within Individualized Education Program execution. It also suggests that such resources are provided to schools and specialized centers on. The importance of enhancing collaboration among interdisciplinary teams is also highlighted to ensure the successful implementation of IEPs. Additionally, families should be supported in fostering a conducive learning environment at home that leverages digital technologies. Lastly, the study suggests the necessity of further research to assess the long-term effects of digital technologies on the performance of children with ASD, with an emphasis on educational outcomes as well as social and psychological development.

This study seeks to analyze the legal provisions concerning the procedures for contesting arbitrators, in juxtaposition with specific provisions present in other Arab arbitration laws. The primary aim is to evaluate whether the current regulations governing the processes for challenging arbitrators are sufficient. The findings and recommendations of the study are presented at its conclusion. In instances where an arbitrator is challenged and subsequently dismissed by the competent court, the responsibility for appointing a replacement falls to the parties involved. It is recommended that the Jordanian legislator revise the procedure for challenging an arbitrator in situations where the arbitration panel is comprised of a sole arbitrator. Presently, the procedure necessitates that the challenge be submitted first to the arbitration panel and then to the competent court. The study advocates for permitting the challenge to be directed immediately to the competent court, thereby preventing the arbitrator from assuming the dual role of both judge and litigant. The researchers utilized a comparative methodology, as well as descriptive and analytical techniques. This study is organized into two main sections: Reasons for challenging the arbitrator and procedures for submitting a request to challenge the arbitrator.

The objective of the study is to determine how organizational ambidexterity influences decision-making effectiveness and to what extent these concepts are applied within the Civil Service Consumer Corporation. It involves two main variables: the independent variable, organizational ambidexterity, which was assessed through three dimensions—exploitation, exploration, and flexibility in organizational structure. The dependent variable, decision-making effectiveness, was also evaluated through three dimensions: problem identification, selecting the best alternative, and decision implementation and follow-up. A questionnaire with 30 items was created to assess these variables, targeting a study population of 120 employees from the General Administration of the Civil Service Consumer Corporation. The researchers utilized a comprehensive enumeration method to distribute the questionnaires, resulting in 110 analyzable responses and a response rate of 92%. A descriptive analytical approach was applied, and various statistical tests were conducted using the SPSS program. The findings revealed several important results, notably that the dimensions of organizational ambidexterity have a statistically significant impact on enhancing decision-making effectiveness. Additionally, these dimensions were found to account for 88.4% of the effectiveness in decision-making. All aspects of organizational ambidexterity were identified as influencing the effectiveness of decision-making, with the flexibility dimension having the most significant explanatory power regarding the organizational structure, while the exploration dimension showed the least. Within the Civil Service Consumer Corporation, both organizational ambidexterity and decision-making effectiveness were found to be at moderate levels. The study suggested implementing a sustainable program to foster innovation, which could include internal competitions and incentive rewards for inventive ideas. A part of the corporation’s budget could be designated to support these initiatives. Additionally, it recommended the formation of either permanent or temporary working groups made up of employees from different departments to analyze challenges and suggest innovative solutions. Moreover, the creation of a dedicated research and development department was proposed to investigate new investment opportunities and enhance existing products and services.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate how organizational creativity affects human resource management strategies, focusing on a significant municipality as a case study. A descriptive and analytical methodology was utilized to systematically compile relevant information regarding the research topic. To fulfill the study’s goals, a questionnaire was crafted and distributed to 350 administrative staff members through a random sampling technique. Google Forms facilitated the distribution of the questionnaire to the selected participants. This approach resulted in a remarkable response rate of 97.4%, yielding a total of 341 respondents. The findings revealed several important outcomes, particularly highlighting a statistically significant influence of organizational creativity and its components (originality, fluency, mental flexibility, and problem sensitivity) on human resource management strategies and their elements (performance evaluation strategy, training and development strategy, and incentives and rewards strategy) within the municipality. It was also noted that both organizational creativity and human resource management strategies were present at a moderate level in the organization. The study advises a reassessment of the existing incentive programs to improve transparency and attract talent, along with the implementation of a varied and motivating reward system that guarantees internal fairness and encourages high performance. Additionally, the study recommends creating a detailed evaluation guide that incorporates standardized criteria for assessing both individual and team performance, accompanied by clearly defined objectives that are mutually agreed upon with employees.

In today’s global business environment, successfully distributing and managing a brand hinges on the incorporation of advanced technologies and strategic methodologies. This chapter delves into the transformative effects of innovations like Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and digital marketing on contemporary brand management. It analyzes how these advancements boost operational efficiency, enhance inventory oversight, and deliver tailored customer experiences. Furthermore, the chapter discusses the obstacles brands encounter, such as swift technological advancements, cybersecurity threats, and the necessity for efficient multi-channel integration. It also underscores the prospects offered by technological progress and sustainability initiatives, highlighting the critical need to adapt to market demands and utilize emerging technologies for a competitive edge. The findings indicate that brands that adeptly merge technological innovations with sustainable practices are more favorably positioned for enduring success in the global marketplace.

Given the ongoing rise in the use of autonomous vehicles and the subsequent accidents that result in harm to both individuals and property, alongside the lack of legislative oversight in this area, it has become essential to assess the liability of individuals, particularly legal entities, for these incidents. This study investigates the responsibility of legal persons regarding traffic accidents caused by autonomous vehicles. It is divided into two sections: the first examines the framework of criminal liability for legal persons, while the second looks into the implications of such liability for these entities. Utilizing a descriptive analytical method combined with a comparative approach, the study uncovers several findings. Notably, lawmakers view the liability of legal persons in these cases as indirect liability, explicitly excluding public legal entities from this responsibility. The study advocates for the establishment of a clear and specific legal framework addressing the liability of legal persons for traffic accidents involving autonomous vehicles.

The objective of the study is to investigate how different leadership styles and technology influence creative behavior while also evaluating the extent of availability of both leadership style dimensions and managerial creativity within banks. This research involved two variables, each assessed through a series of dimensions and items. Leadership styles served as the independent variable, quantified through five dimensions: negative, authoritarian, moderate, humane, and effective. The dependent variable, managerial creative behavior, was evaluated via five dimensions: flexibility, originality, problem sensitivity, and risk-taking. To accomplish this, the researchers utilized the descriptive analytical method, which was deemed appropriate for the study’s nature. A questionnaire was developed as the primary data collection instrument, and the sample comprised 401 administrative employees from banks, yielding valid questionnaires for analysis. Statistical methods were applied using the SPSS program. The findings indicated a statistically significant effect of the leadership styles dimensions on creative behavior within banks, with these dimensions accounting for 64.4% of the variance in managerial creative behavior. The research found a positive correlation between various administrative leadership styles—negative, authoritarian, humane, effective, and moderate—and creative behavior. It suggested the importance of implementing targeted training programs focused on human skills, including emotional intelligence and effective communication. Additionally, the study emphasized the need for ongoing training for leaders to adopt leadership approaches that encourage collaboration and creativity among their employees.

This research explores the problem of mistakes that cause material and technical damage to the employer, as well as the breach of work instructions by employees. The significance of this study is underscored by its analysis of the circumstances under which an employer is entitled to terminate an employee without prior notice. Such instances result in the cessation of the employment contract and the dissolution of the employment relationship—both of which are safeguarded by legislators through robust and varied protections aimed at preventing employer abuse.

The significance of this study arises from the advancements in technology that facilitate the electronic documentation of transactions, which aims to safeguard the privacy and confidentiality of such dealings. As the Jordanian justice system undergoes digital transformation, there is an urgent necessity to implement electronic notary services, enabling the documentation, authentication, and signing of transactions without requiring the physical presence of the parties before the notary. The core issue identified in the study is that, despite the recognized advantages of employing electronic notaries to streamline legal processes and the Jordanian legislator’s endorsement of the Electronic Transactions Law, the function of electronic notaries has not fulfilled its intended role in the electronic documentation of transactions. This issue is exacerbated by the lack of clarity within the legal framework that governs the operations of electronic notaries. The study concluded with several findings, the most noteworthy being the absence of legal regulations pertaining to the appointment, jurisdiction, and the duties and responsibilities associated with the role of electronic notaries. The research additionally offered a series of recommendations, prominently advocating for the Jordanian legislator to sanction the facilitation of electronic transactions without requiring the physical presence of the involved parties at the notary’s office. Furthermore, the study suggested the amendment of the existing Notary Law to establish the permanent use of electronic notaries across all transactions, as well as the revision of the Electronic Transactions Law to formally acknowledge notaries as an authorized entity for documentation purposes.

The researchers explore the subject of civil liability provisions of the notary public in electronic transactions by adopting a comparative approach. The significance of this study stems from the lack of legal provisions within the Notary Public Law that delineate the forms and stipulations of civil liability for electronic notaries, thereby necessitating a reference to the general provisions specified in the Jordanian Civil Code. The core issue addressed in the study pertains to the uncertainty surrounding the legal classification of the civil liability of the electronic notary in Jordan, as well as the ambiguous legal nature of liability arising from errors made by the notary in electronic transactions. This raises questions regarding whether such liability is contractual or tortious, and under what conditions the electronic notary might be exempt from liability. The study arrived at several conclusions, the most notable being the absence of specific legal texts governing civil liability resulting from the mistakes of electronic notaries. In conclusion, the study offered a series of recommendations, the foremost being the suggestion for the Jordanian legislator to revise the existing Notary Public Law and the Electronic Transactions Law to incorporate explicit provisions that define civil liability for errors committed by notaries in electronic transactions.

This paper will diagnose and probe into damages that emanate from work done in the laboratory, with exact emphasis on existing civil liability provisions. The paper seeks to establish whether or not the general legal rules are specifically tailored to counter the peculiar risks posed by lab activities or whether there is a legislative lacuna that necessitates the formulation of special laws to ensure that there is full protection for all vested interests. Civil liability is all about making good the injured party for the harm he has undergone, making sure that the reparation is proportionate to the damage suffered and not more than it should be. The provisions of liability can be varied by the agreement between the parties concerned; how much flexibility in determining and disbursing compensation is allowed. It is, however, difficult to establish the party responsible for laboratory-related damages. Indeed, the available general provisions within Jordanian law do not apply to such cases. A comparative approach is adopted. Hence, the paper, based on the above discussion and argument, proposes the formation of explicit legal guidelines under which civil liability in medical laboratories should be regulated. The responsibility, both for physical and moral harm, should be clearly defined, and compensation should be fair and proportionate to the damage caused. The paper concludes by urging legislators to integrate these recommendations into the legal frameworks governing liability in medical laboratories, thereby enhancing the legal protection of other employees, patients, and other affected individuals.

The objective of this study is to assess how the application of e-commerce, encompassing electronic payment, electronic marketing, and electronic customer service, affects the performance of employees within commercial banks. The research included a population of 15,390 employees, and a convenience sampling method was employed to align with the study's requirements. Utilizing a descriptive-analytical approach, the study gathered data through a questionnaire containing 36 items designed to evaluate the dimensions of the variables. A total of 450 questionnaires were distributed to the target sample, yielding 390 analyzable responses, which equates to a response rate of 92.9%. Various statistical tests were conducted to analyze the data and evaluate the hypotheses, utilizing the SPSS software. The findings indicated a statistically significant effect of e-commerce application on organizational performance. Furthermore, both the level of e-commerce application and organizational performance were determined to be high. The study recommended that commercial banks should actively participate in e-commerce, as it directly influences their global presence, resulting in increased revenues and profits.

In a digital era, legal notices have evolved into emails that act as a formal reminder from the creditor to the debtor regarding the failure to fulfill their obligation. These emails act as explicit digital notices requiring the debtor to meet their obligation within a specified period of time; otherwise, they would face legal consequences. Precisely, the importance of digital legal notice is to inform the debtor upon its electronic means that any delay in meeting their commitment would hurt the vested interests of the creditor. It streamlines this process by shining a due date to the debtor through electronic channels such as email or online platforms; hence, communication is made faster. Not adhering to this forms digital default. Furthermore, digital legal notices more prominently inform the debtor of the legal consequences that might otherwise follow unfulfillment further reinstates the importance as long as execution is still possible. In the impossibility of execution, digital legal notifications take a central place in that procedure, which is more applicable where the creditor is seeking compensation of their actions. The major challenge in this digital setting is to establish the point at which debtor negligence attaches upon receipt of a digital notice, and who should be liable. The consequences have primarily been vested on the debtor when damage arises from mutually binding contracts, but digital notifications bear proof against the debtor of his blame. The burden of proof shifts to the debtor, both to demonstrate that notice was given and also to show that even if notice had been given earlier, damage would still occur. This will also facilitate the infusion of digital notifications, due to an increased level of transparency and will consequently speed up the legal process in the modern age.

One of the primary ideas that derives from legal philosophy and is recognized by legal legislation, computer networks, and the courts is the principle of “presumption of innocence.” This basic rule entails assuming the person concerned to be innocent until proven guilty, thus entitling them to immunities, privileges, and legal claims unless proved otherwise. Considering the growing importance of this rule in a world increasingly dependent on digital interconnections, the present study aims to clarify its significance by exploring the meaning of its constituting elements both in traditional and digital contexts. The primary goal is to trace the origins of this rule and how it applies in terms of the judicial philosophy, the legal system, and digital laws. Through this, we can determine its application within different domains of life that include online transactions and electronic dealings. It also shows the importance of this rule in preventing any judicial error that would result in conviction of any person, whether in the physical world or the digital world, without sufficient and reliable evidence proving the guilt and responsibility for the offense. The study highlights some of the difficulties in upholding the presumption of innocence in an increasingly technological and digitized evidence environment.

Active citizen engagement will lead to the implementation of sound community policies and better quality of life which yield a healthy human environment and desirable future. Unfortunately, in many countries, complete civic participation remains an unrealized objective. Civic engagement is what drives the formation of programs that influence society. People must actively contribute to their community by fulfilling responsibilities and making decisions so as to bring positive change to the place where they live. This study aims to investigate life skills and youth civic engagement, wherein a mixed-methods approach of qualitative review and comparative case studies will be employed. The study resulted to the fact that the promotion of life skills leads to heightened active citizenship that can effect meaningful change, especially among youth. Moreover, life skills nurture leadership toward solving global challenges and creating a more resilient society. Also, with increasing digital dimensions, life skills in technology and communication make life skills more useful for civic engagement, opening up new avenues for participation and advocacy.

This chapter intends to examine and assess the laws governing trademark protection within the digital landscape, concentrating on the legal difficulties that arise from swift digital evolution. It tackles the challenges to trademark safeguarding, such as cybercrime, online counterfeiting, and digital infringements. Additionally, the study aims to evaluate the applicability of pertinent legislation and the effectiveness of enforcement mechanisms in the context of fast-paced technological progress. In the end, this research provides a variety of actionable solutions and recommendations designed to strengthen trademark protection, thereby ensuring the rights of trademark owners are upheld and enhancing confidence in the digital realm.

The main intent of the study is to investigate how service quality costs influence the financial performance of commercial banks. The population for the study included 12 banks, with financial data gathered from their annual reports and financial disclosures covering the years 2019–2023. To meet the study's objectives, a descriptive analytical method was utilized. The findings indicated a notable connection between the independent variables—namely, internal failure costs, prevention costs, appraisal costs, and external failure costs—and the financial performance measures of return on assets and earnings per share for the commercial banks in question. The study suggests that increasing investments in prevention and appraisal costs could lead to a reduction in both external and internal failure costs, thereby enhancing financial performance, improving customer satisfaction, expanding market share, and strengthening competitiveness.

Undoubtedly, environmental education is a critical subject within sustainable development, embodying one of the most significant contemporary movements for societal advancement. By incorporating technology, environmental education transforms into a robust instrument capable of tackling the ongoing global social and environmental crises. It is essential to embrace innovative technologies to redefine our methods of addressing environmental challenges, fostering new educational strategies that guide humanity toward sustainable development. This research utilizes a descriptive-analytical approach, examining existing literature and prior studies concerning the influence of technology on environmental education. The results underscore the necessity for a new framework in environmental education, utilizing technological progress as a universal strategy vital for the survival of modern civilization. For this to be realized, educational institutions must integrate technology to enhance the sustainability and comprehensiveness of environmental education. It is crucial to advance human resource development through technological means to address intricate environmental and social issues. Technology ought to be woven into curricula across all educational tiers, backed by financial support from governments, NGOs, and the private sector. Furthermore, existing laws and regulations aimed at promoting environmental protection should be revised to align with technological advancements and their potential benefits.

This study is dedicated to analyzing how complex and durable impacts of colonial encounters have been upon indigenous societies in the long run. Combining historical storytelling, anthropological fieldwork, and digital analysis ensures the profound study of the influence of colonial powers on indigenous social and cultural formations. The use of a descriptive and analytic approach by the methodology section through ethnography, participant observation, and digital archival research helps unlock historical facts, cultural dynamics, and power relationships. The study incorporates case-witnesses as well, within different regions to understand variations and commonalities in the historical, anthropological, and digital dimensions of colonial impacts through a comparative analysis. Results from the study thus confirm that colonialism indeed has a very long-lasting legacy striking right into the indigenous governance structures, cultural dynamics, and the contemporary digital landscape. By critically analyzing the resistance movements from both the colonial period and modern indigenous activism, including that on digital platforms, this study demonstrates the ability and activeness of indigenous communities to respond to the injustices placed upon them throughout history. The conclusion gives a brief summary of the major findings, unveiling what lessons can be learned from the impact of colonialism in the long run and its implications for contemporary understanding and future research. Therefore, the study becomes a stepping stone towards a proper understanding of the interrelationship that exists between history, anthropology, and digital technologies in discussing post-colonial indigenous cultures for informed debates, inclusive policies, and further research on their complex dynamics.

In today’s landscape, digital trademark protection is an essential issue, given that trademarks are fundamental in differentiating products and services within the digital marketplace. This protection starts with a precise definition of a digital trademark (domain names), encompassing any name, design, or symbol employed to set apart products or services online. One of the significant hurdles lies in establishing ownership of these digital trademarks, as it is vital to evaluate factors such as the actual use of the trademark, its eligibility for registration, and the lack of conflicts with existing trademarks. To strengthen the legal safeguards for digital trademarks, suitable registration processes must be taken into account. A key player in this domain is the Internet domain registration system overseen by ICANN, which is instrumental in this context. Besides, there are the emerging trends of working out new legal bases in the regulation of digital space plus meeting problem areas founded by the quick penetration of artificial intelligence and digital technology. From these points of view, there is an urgent problem of finding effective legal solutions that would provide complex protection for digital trademarks. Providing one of the main recommendations, it is first necessary to indicate the critical need for a revision, and the bringing up to date of current legislations in connection with technological and regulatory changes in the domain of the digital environment. Moreover, it is also about increasing the role of such regulatory bodies as ICANN in the protection of digital trademark owners’ rights. All these crucial steps can solve existing legal challenges and ensure effective protection of trademarks in the digital environment.

This work is an extrapolation of the most conspicuous literature speaking about the nature of the external shape of the Earth (i.e., round or not) and the interpretation of early scholars about it before the times of modern technological advancements. The belief in the idea of a spherical Earth thus became settled among scientific circles following the end of Magellan's voyages in 1522. This paper compares what was mentioned in those early interpretations with well-established scientific ideas in astrophysics, using contemporary applied and digital research methods. From this analysis, it appeared that many early texts did explain the sphericity of the Earth, and many early scholars believed in this. The evidence that modern technological tools integrate perfectly with digital simulations and satellite imagery towards interpreting history supports this: the views of the scholars coincide with that of contemporary science concerning the shape of the Earth.

This chapter explores the legal and practical dimensions of protecting trademark in the digital environment. The study examines the concept of a trademark, its types, and the procedures for registering trademark in the digital realm. It highlights the importance of trademark registration as a safeguard against infringements such as forgery and imitation. By analyzing relevant legal provisions, the chapter underscores the necessity for broader trademark protection, extending beyond traditional industrial and commercial trademarks to include service and well-known trademarks. The study also addresses the implications of digital piracy and cyber-theft, emphasizing the need for enhanced legal frameworks to ensure comprehensive trademark protection in the digital age.

This research examines the facilitation of litigation processes concerning labor disputes as outlined in Jordanian legislation. The theoretical importance of this study is rooted in its emphasis on the judicial protections afforded to workers for the safeguarding of their wages. A more profound comprehension of these protections enables a more accurate assessment of their efficacy in ensuring the security of workers’ earnings. Practically speaking, the establishment of comprehensive legal safeguards for workers’ wages plays a crucial role in mitigating class disparities and narrowing social and economic divides within society. The investigation considers whether these judicial protections are adequate to deliver the necessary safeguards for workers’ wages and evaluates the effectiveness of the judicial system in enforcing these protections. It particularly emphasizes adherence to the legal timeframes that govern labor dispute proceedings and their influence on workers’ capacity to claim their wages. This analysis was conducted using descriptive and comparative methodologies. The analytical aspect, which forms part of the descriptive approach, involved an examination of pertinent legal texts, judicial verdicts, and academic perspectives. The comparative method was utilized to draw parallels between the systems of the countries under review. Consequently, the study is structured into two sections. The initial section examines the entitlement of workers to free access to litigation in personal labor disputes, which is one of the rights afforded to them during legal proceedings. The subsequent section investigates the necessity for prompt hearings in labor cases.

This research explores instances of employee impersonation and the revelation of corporate secrets, examining both traditional and technological aspects within some legal frameworks. The importance of this study is highlighted by its analysis of the conditions that allow an employer to dismiss an employee without prior notice, as these scenarios result in the end of the employment contract and the severance of the employment relationship. It is essential for legal systems to be equipped with strong and varied protections to avert possible exploitation by employers.

The objective of this study is to investigate civil liability resulting from technical and technological damages in laboratories according to Jordanian Civil Law No. (43) of (1976). This research is significant as it emphasizes a subset of workers and patients who have faced laboratory-related injuries and occupational risks. The aim is to develop a thorough legal comprehension of civil liability concerning these damages, safeguarding the rights of both parties and offering legal protection for the human body.

UNICEF has made significant progress in the promotion and protection of children’s rights for the United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund since it was established in 1946, especially among communities that are less developed. This study will bring out how the innovation of technology and digital tools helps UNICEF to improve delivery directly, policies, and implementations of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. Through modern technological platforms, UNICEF ensures the provision of quality education, healthcare, and essential services for children, especially those affected by poverty, discrimination, and related crises. Technological innovations are critical to UNICEF in the areas of disease control activities like HIV/AIDS, enabling their work mainly through delivery channels in digital health systems. At the same time, tools make it possible for UNICEF to create public campaigns to engage donors and mobilize support worldwide. It is concluded that the technological efforts by UNICEF have very improved living standards and protections of children’s rights, but further initiative scaling with the brighter future for children in those less developed regions will require continued support and funding.

This paper, using alternative case studies and analytical frameworks, delves into the intricate relationship between stability and economic policy uncertainty amidst quick technological progress. At different levels of analysis, it probes the impact of economic uncertainty on phenomena, such as social strife, policy immobility, and populism movements, especially regarding how these issues are augmented or mitigated by technology and digitalization. The general trends and specific contextual determinants are laid out for interaction among these two drivers of change, with examples ranging from Brazil to the United States and the United Kingdom. Other considerations that shape the relationship between these two factors are untangled in the form of more regional-specific drivers. In addition, the combination of digital tools and data analytics in making economic policies are pointed out as a way to reduce uncertainty and highlight things previously unseen. Such information supports the case that measures that work need to be put in place to prevent economic uncertainty with the ability to respond to global governance challenges and create stability when turbulence rules the day. Greater knowledge of these mechanisms, including how technology can promote communication and decision-making, allows policymakers to conceive of suitable policies and programs for managing economic uncertainty. Hence, stability for politics and the assurance of development in a world that is much more interconnected and digital are preserved.

This research underscores the legal principles designed to regulate the minimum wage, highlighting its theoretical importance in illuminating this legal assurance that the law provides to protect the wages of workers. A deeper comprehension of these principles enables a more thorough assessment of their effectiveness in safeguarding workers’ earnings. From a practical standpoint, establishing a minimum wage that offers strong and comprehensive protection for workers’ wages contributes to diminishing class disparities and narrowing social and economic divides within society. This was accomplished by employing both descriptive and comparative methodologies, with the analytical approach integrated into the descriptive method to scrutinize relevant legislative texts and court decisions. The comparative method facilitated drawing comparisons between the legal frameworks of Jordan and the UAE. The study is organized into three sections: the first focuses on the definition of the minimum wage, the second outlines the legislative framework governing the minimum wage, and the third investigates the penal measures in place to protect the minimum wage.

This research sought to assess how digital marketing tools influence the brand image of clients at commercial banks. To fulfill the objectives of the study, a descriptive and analytical approach was utilized, deemed most appropriate for its nature. A questionnaire was created to evaluate the study variables, and these were disseminated via Google Forms. Upon reviewing the gathered responses, it was determined that 13 questionnaires were invalid for analysis due to response errors, which constituted 5.6% of the total. Consequently, the number of valid questionnaires for analysis amounted to 383, representing 94.4% of all distributed questionnaires. The study yielded several significant findings, particularly indicating a statistically significant impact of digital marketing tools on improving the brand image of commercial bank clients. Furthermore, both the level of digital marketing tools and the brand image were found to be high. The study suggests maintaining a proactive engagement on emerging social media platforms such as Threads and LinkedIn to boost brand perception and foster greater audience interaction. Additionally, it advocates for enhancing the website by incorporating artificial intelligence tools like chatbots, which would offer a more interactive and direct experience for clients of commercial banks.

This study focuses on the civil protection afforded to electronic consumers during the pre-contractual stage in the era of modern technology. In the context of electronic contracts and commercial transactions, electronic consumption contracts are of considerable significance. These contracts have brought forth various challenges, including the need for safeguards against deceptive and misleading advertisements, as well as the consumer's entitlement to receive thorough and precise information regarding the subject matter of the contract. Consequently, it is essential to elucidate the level of protection offered by general regulations and specifically consumer protection laws, especially since the electronic consumer typically occupies the weaker position in the contractual arrangement.

A creditor must notify the debtor to demonstrate the latter's fault in failing to meet its obligation. So, this notice is a manifestation of the creditor's will by means of the methods prescribed by law to produce specified legal effects through communication to the debtor. Technological evolution brought electronic notifications, which proved to be much more efficient and quick in delivery. Of course, the fault principle underlies these notices; as such, they are generally directed at the debtor, presumed to be responsible for both the conduct and the consequences of his delay. Indeed, others are of the opinion that notices derive from the principle of tacit indulgence of the creditor since its abstention with regard to the behavior of the debtor leads one to believe that the delay has not caused injury. Waiver of notice is allowed under a valid agreement provided such agreement does not run counter to public order. The study concludes with various findings and recommendations that places more importance on integrating electronic notices into the legal framework, a step that when harmonized with the evolution accompanying the digital transformation of the judicial sector can make the notification process more open and available. Through the adoption of e-communication measures, the legislator shall ensure prompt notification to debtors of their duties on one hand and at the same time ensure a swifter and more efficient legal process.

This study focuses on the civil safeguarding of electronic consumers during the execution phase of contracts. In the context of electronic contracts and commercial transactions, electronic consumption contracts play a crucial role. As a result, various challenges have emerged concerning the protection of consumer rights throughout the contract execution phase, in line with contemporary regulations and general principles. This highlights the necessity to define the level of protection offered by consumer protection laws and general rules, especially given that the electronic consumer is viewed as the more vulnerable party in the contractual arrangement.

Strategic planning is vital for organizations that wish to attain longevity and tangible results. This chapter investigates strategic planning's role in increased efficiency of organizations and crisis navigation, drawing special reference from government ministries. It also prioritizes the integration of creative and innovative thinking with strategic planning to facilitate the driving force of change-oriented future prospects, external environmental condition management, and optimal resource allocation. With purposive sampling techniques, a total of 559 questionnaires were distributed to top decision-makers in 13 government ministries, with a return of 518 questionnaires truly representing the data. The findings stress the dire need for continuous strategic planning activity; adoption based on strategic analysis results information system applications for crisis management processes in Government Decision-making and Crisis Preparedness capacity should be used to improve monitoring and evaluations, annual reviews on objectives developed with key stakeholders regarding early warning systems’ performance.