Assessing Beads Generation in Fabricating Nanofiber Bioactive Material-Based Associated with Its Fluid Factors

Nanofiber materials for biomedical applications inevitably need to control their morphology to reach their best performance. However, it has a challenge regarding occurring beads formation during the fabrication process. Even though beads shape has already observed in numerous nanofiber experiments, a deeper study regarding a bead formation particularly related to fluid factors in bioactive materials have not reported yet. The main objective of this report is to elaborate the beads development particularly in fabrication nanofiber bioactive material-based and to investigate the result associated with the fluid factors (viscosity, conductivity, and surface tension). In this research, bioactive material chitosan (positive charge) and pectin (negative charge) are mixed with PVA (an electrospinnable polymer) in assorted composition PVA/Chitosan-Pectin (v:v) specifically 90/10, 80/20, 70/30, and 60/40. Based on quantification, 90/10 had 15 beads and got 92.7±19.59 μm² of average area. In 80/20 composition, it had 57 beads with 121.83±19.78 μm² average area. For 70/30, it had 86 beads with 111.6±24.46 μm². And 60/40 had 117 beads with 129.8±19.13 μm² average area. The result showed that the bigger bioactive material added to system, the more beads are formed. Regarding fluid factors, viscosity found that it had an opposite correlation with beads formation. Meanwhile, the relationship between conductivity and surface tension were observed complemented associated with beads formation. In the bead precision perspective, interestingly, the non-uniformity of the bead shape had no relation with fluids factors proofed by its average area and standard deviation in respective composition.