Auto-organization approach with adaptive frame periods for IEEE 802.15.4/zigbee forest fire detection system

Using efficiently the wireless sensor networks based on IEEE 802.15.4/zigbee remains a real challenge for the forest fire detection and monitoring applications. The most relevant question is how we can maintain a long lifetime for the network with the need of fast and active sensor devices for the fire detection. In this paper, we propose a new approach Auto-organization, Adaptive frame Periods for forest Fire detection for multi-level optimization based on the network topology reorganization, and the frame activity period optimization according to the energy preservation and also the fire detection timing constraints. The reorganization is made locally according to the node states with regard to the fire detection events. It is made by a new association/re-association procedure that creates links and paths between nodes with respect to the two constraints. According to the network topology, an adaptive frame periods adjustment procedure is executed to select the suitable timing periods that reduce the sensor node activities without exceeding the timing constraints. The simulation results show superiority and efficiency of the proposed approach for the energy preservation, even if we consider a large network size.