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2022 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

7. Better Migration Management – A Project implemented in the Horn of Africa

Authors : Martin Weiß, Stephanie Deubler

Published in: Forced Displacement and Migration

Publisher: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden

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Abstract

Migration management is often a controversial concept and approach in the development cooperation context, which makes it important to clarify and define precisely what we mean. Should German development cooperation engage at all in this area? If so, in what way? What are the limits of our engagement? In 2016, the Better Migration Management (BMM) project confronted the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH with these questions and challenges. Based on experience gained during the design phase of the project, a definition of the term ‘development-oriented migration management’ was created in order to provide guidance for future projects in this sector.

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previous chapter Beyond Emergencies: Towards a More Nuanced Understanding of the Various Impacts of Crises on Migrants

next chapter Reconsidering the Partnership Approach in International Migration Cooperation

Our thanks go to David Nii Addy, Michael Lilier, Valeska Onken, Dr Andrea Riester, Sabine Wenz, Elena Weber (all GIZ) for their extremely helpful comments and additional ideas on this chapter.

In 2006 the Sector Project Migration and Development (www.giz.de/migration) was commissioned by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) for the first time to investigate the migration and development nexus and to elaborate approaches for German development cooperation. One of the first studies to be published in Germany on this subject was the 2006 discussion paper ‘Egyptian, Afghan and Serbian Diaspora Communities in Germany: How Do They Contribute to Their Country of Origin?’ (Baraulina et al. 2007).

Also known as the EU-Horn of Africa Migration Route Initiative.

This number refers to refugees and internally displaced persons due to conflict and persecution (UNHCR 2020; IDMC 2020).

Trafficking in persons is defined as ‘the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs’ (UNODC 2004: 42). Smuggling of migrants is defined as ‘the procurement, in order to obtain, directly or indirectly, a financial or other material benefit, of the illegal entry of a person into a State Party of which the person is not a national or a permanent resident.’ (UNODC 2004: 54f.).

United Nations (2015) and a collection of essays on the subject: UNFPA (2005).

Five other targets also deal with aspects of migration including migrant remittances, migration for education, labour migration for caring professions etc. while three targets aim to eliminate trafficking in persons and smuggling of people (e.g. target 5.2. ‘Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in the public and private spheres, including trafficking and sexual and other types of exploitation’).

More information is available on the summit website http://refugeesmigrants.un.org/summit (Accessed on 25 August 2020).

The AU’s Agenda 2063 provides the strategic framework for the socioeconomic transformation of the continent over the next 50 years. It was published in 2013 to mark the 50^th anniversary of the founding of the OAU and lays out both a vision and seven aspirations that are intended to be pillars for sustainable development and technical progress on the African continent (cf. AU 2013).

The AU (2018) revised policy framework for Africa covers labour migration, border management, irregular migration, displacement, internal displacement, migration data, transnational and regional cooperation, etc.

For a more in-depth analysis of regional migration policy on the African continent (not specifically the Horn of Africa), see Fioramonti/Nshimbi (2016).

See e.g. Pries (2011: 8), who defines transnationalism in migration theory as the creation of social spaces through migration above the level of nation states.

Information about the urgent need to pursue integrated approaches that go beyond an exclusive focus on security can be found in Vorrath (2017).

The project refers to the first commissioning phase of BMM (2016–2019) as the definition process of the term ‘development-oriented migration management’ took place during that time. BMM was commissioned for a second phase in 2019.

Only the representatives of EU DG DEVCO, Germany’s BMZ, and a DFID representative represent European development policy. Italy, France and Malta (later the Netherlands replaced Malta in the steering committee) are each represented by representatives of their ministries of foreign affairs and ministries of home affairs, and the EU also has one representative from DG Home.

Regional Operational Centre in support of the Khartoum Process and AU-Horn of Africa Initiative (ROCK).

The term ‘awareness raising’ in the context of migration often implies disincentives and information about the risks involved in migration; the term ‘information and advice’ is more neutral and endeavours to avoid this sort of slant.

According to the Eritrean Government the welcome given by Germany to migrants in the summer of 2015 was one such ‘pull factor’.

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Title: Better Migration Management – A Project implemented in the Horn of Africa
Authors: Martin Weiß
Stephanie Deubler
Publisher: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden
Book: Forced Displacement and Migration
Print ISBN: 978-3-658-32901-3

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-658-32902-0

Copyright Year: 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-32902-0_7

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