Introduction
Background
Clinical data sources
Clinical NLP
LSP–MLP
MedLEE
Apache cTAKES
HITEx
Clinical big data
Methodology
Dictionary | Description |
---|---|
Snomed-CT [20] | Snomed-CT is a set of clinical terms maintained by the International Health Terminology Standards Development Organization (IHTSDO). The development of Snomed-CT dates back to 1965 and is known for its comprehensive coverage of clinical terms. SNOMED-CT consists of concepts, descriptions, and relationships and can be used for semantic processing |
NCI Thesaurus [21] | The National Cancer Institute (NCI) Thesaurus was created to assist in research systems made available by NCI. It covers clinical terminology regarding cancers, findings, drugs, therapies, anatomy, genes, and many other cancer research related terms. NCI thesaurus offers a partial model as to how these subjects relate to each other and aims to provide a common system for cancer researchers to communicate |
MeSH [22] | Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is an NLM controlled vocabulary used for indexing articles on NIH’s pubmed. Additionally, relationships between terms are provided which can act as a thesaurus |
International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is a coding system designed for classification of diseases and disorders. ICD is maintained by the World Health Organization (WHO) and ICD-9 is the ninth revision of the system. In the United States, ICD-9 has seen popular usage in medical billing. The system has been adopted by many organizations, including the centers for disease control for reporting mortality and morbidity statistics [25] |
Co-occurrence evidence discovery framework
Score
Evaluation
Disease/disorders | Symptoms | Medications |
---|---|---|
Chronic lung disease | Distressed breathing | Spririva |
Bullous emphysema | Wheezing | Advair |
Pulmonary congestion | Smoking | Oxygen |
Bronchitis | Chest pains | Albuterol |
Acute respiratory failure | Cough | Combivent |
Asthmas | Reflux | Prednisone |
Gastro esophageal reflux | Crackle | Atrovent |
Carcinoma of lung | Clubbing (morphologic abnormality) | Medrol |
Pneumonia | Carbon dioxide, increased level | Duoneb |
Congestive heart failure | Deficiencies, oxygen | Daliresp |
Results
Diseases and disorders
Rank | Baseline | COED |
---|---|---|
1 | Hypertension | Respiratory failure |
2 | Diabetes mellitus | Hypertension |
3 | Coronary disease | Pneumonia |
4 | Heart fibrillation | Congestive heart failure |
5 | Arteriopathic disease | Diabetes mellitus |
6 | Congestive heart failure | Chronic respiratory failure |
7 | Pneumonia | Acute respiratory distress |
8 | Respiratory failure | Acute chronic respiratory failure |
9 | Anemia | Chronic respiratory insufficiency |
10 | Kidney disease | Heart fibrillation |
Symptoms
Rank | Baseline | COED |
---|---|---|
1 | Pain NOS | Dyspneas |
2 | Dyspneas | Oxygen supply |
3 | MG body | Wheezings |
4 | Normal skin | Pain NOS |
5 | Chest pains | MG body |
6 | Cough | Respiratory insufficiency |
7 | Allergies | Smoker |
8 | Arterial tension | Decreased air entry |
9 | Edema | Cough |
10 | Atrial fibrillations | Normal skin |
Medications
Rank | Baseline | COED |
---|---|---|
1 | Aspirin | Spiriva |
2 | Albuterol | Advair |
3 | Oxygen | Oxygen |
4 | Advair | Albuterol |
5 | Prednisone | Combivent |
6 | Marevan | Prednisone |
7 | Lisinopril | Atrovent |
8 | Medrol | Medrol |
9 | Combivent | Duoneb |
10 | Spiriva | Daliresp |