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2014 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

4. Binder Chemistry – Low-Calcium Alkali-Activated Materials

Authors : John L. Provis, Ana Fernández-Jiménez, Elie Kamseu, Cristina Leonelli, Angel Palomo

Published in: Alkali Activated Materials

Publisher: Springer Netherlands

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Abstract

Early developments in the developments of low-calcium (including calcium-free) alkali-activated binders were led by the work of Davidovits in France, as noted in Chap. 2. These materials were initially envisaged as a fire-resistant replacement for organic polymeric materials, with identification of potential applications as a possible binder for concrete production following relatively soon afterwards [1]. However, developments in the area of concrete production soon led back to more calcium-rich systems, including the hybrid Pyrament binders, leaving work based on the use of low-calcium systems predominantly aimed at high-temperature applications and other scenarios where the ceramic-like nature of clay-derived alkali-activated pastes was beneficial. Early work in this area was conducted with an almost solely commercial focus, meaning that little scientific information was made available with the exception of a conference proceedings volume [2], several scattered publications in other conferences, and an initial journal publication [3]. Academic research into the alkaline activation of metakaolin to form a binder material led to initial publications in the early 1990s [4, 5], and the first description of the formation of a strong and durable binder by alkaline activation of fly ash was published by Wastiels et al. [6–8]. With ongoing developments in fly ash activation, which offers more favourable rheology than is observed in clay-based binders, interest in low-calcium AAM concrete production was reignited, and work since that time in industry and academia has led to the development of a number of different approaches to this problem. A review of the binder chemistry of low-calcium AAM binder systems published in 2007 [9] has since received more than 350 citations in the scientific literature, indicating the high current level of interest in understanding and utilisation of these types of gels.

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previous chapter Binder Chemistry – High-Calcium Alkali-Activated Materials
next chapter Binder Chemistry – Blended Systems and Intermediate Ca Content
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Metadata
Title
Binder Chemistry – Low-Calcium Alkali-Activated Materials
Authors
John L. Provis
Ana Fernández-Jiménez
Elie Kamseu
Cristina Leonelli
Angel Palomo
Copyright Year
2014
Publisher
Springer Netherlands
Book
Alkali Activated Materials

Print ISBN: 978-94-007-7671-5

Electronic ISBN: 978-94-007-7672-2

Copyright Year: 2014

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7672-2_4