Top

Published in:

2020 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

2. Biodegradable and Functional Synthetic Polymers in Nanomedicine: Controlled and Targeted Bioactive Molecule Release

Authors : Xiaoming Guo, Leung Chan, Tianfeng Chen

Published in: Reactive and Functional Polymers Volume One

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config

AI-assisted search

Off

Abstract

In recent decades, there is a sustained interest in the development of drug delivery systems based on bioactive and functional polymers such as poly(propylene glycol) (PEG), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly(lactide acid) (PLA), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) and poly(p-dioxanone) (PPDO). The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved these polymers for biomedical applications due to their excellent biodegradability, biocompatibility and non-toxicity. The poly-hydroxy and -carboxy characteristics not only give them a supramolecular structure for drug loading, but also to incorporate drugs into the structure through chemical interactions. This chapter aims to present the molecular and physiochemical bases for the application of PEG and PLGA for functional delivery and controlled and targeted release of bioactive compounds.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

previous chapter Introduction to Reactive and Functional Polymers: A Note From the Editor

next chapter Reactive Modification of Fiber Polymer Materials for Textile Applications

Abu-Fayyad, A., Behery, F., Sallam, A. A., Alqahtani, S., Ebrahim, H., El Sayed, K. A., Kaddoumi, A., Sylvester, P. W., Carroll, J. L., Cardelli, J. A., & Nazzal, S. (2015). PEGylated γ-tocotrienol isomer of vitamin E: Synthesis, characterization, in vitro cytotoxicity, and oral bioavailability. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 96, 185–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.07.022.CrossRefPubMed

Alconcel, S. N. S., Baas, A. S., & Maynard, H. D. (2011). FDA-approved poly(ethylene glycol)–protein conjugate drugs. Polymer Chemistry, 2(7), 1442–1448. https://doi.org/10.1039/c1py00034a.CrossRef

Almeida, A. J., & Souto, E. (2007). Solid lipid nanoparticles as a drug delivery system for peptides and proteins. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 59(6), 478–490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2007.04.007.CrossRefPubMed

Bobo, D., Robinson, K. J., Islam, J., Thurecht, K. J., & Corrie, S. R. (2016). Nanoparticle-based medicines: A review of FDA-approved materials and clinical trials to date. Pharmaceutical Research, 33(10), 2373–2387. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-016-1958-5.CrossRefPubMed

Caliceti, P. (2003). Pharmacokinetic and biodistribution properties of poly(ethylene glycol)–protein conjugates. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 55(10), 1261–1277. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0169-409x(03)00108-x.CrossRefPubMed

Cano, A., Ettcheto, M., Espina, M., Auladell, C., Calpena, A. C., Folch, J., Barenys, M., Sánchez-López, E., Camins, A., & García, M. L. (2018). Epigallocatechin-3-gallate loaded PEGylated-PLGA nanoparticles: A new anti-seizure strategy for temporal lobe epilepsy. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine, 14(4), 1073–1085. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2018.01.019.CrossRef

Carstens, M. G., van Nostrum, C. F., Verrijk, R., De Leede, L. G., Crommelin, D. J., & Hennink, W. E. (2008). A mechanistic study on the chemical and enzymatic degradation of PEG-oligo(ε-caprolactone) micelles. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 97(1), 506–518. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.21092.CrossRefPubMed

Castilla-Cortázar, I., Más-Estellés, J., Meseguer-Dueñas, J. M., Escobar Ivirico, J. L., Marí, B., & Vidaurre, A. (2012). Hydrolytic and enzymatic degradation of a poly(ε-caprolactone) network. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 97(8), 1241–1248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.05.038.CrossRef

Chen, J., Cui, Y., Xu, X., & Wang, L.-Q. (2018a). Direct and effective preparation of core-shell PCL/PEG nanoparticles based on shell insertion strategy by using coaxial electrospray. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 547, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.03.010.CrossRef

Chen, L. K., Mei, L. L., Feng, D. S., Huang, D., Tong, X., Pan, X., Zhu, C. N., & Wu, C. B. (2018b). Anhydrous reverse micelle lecithin nanoparticles/PLGA composite microspheres for long-term protein delivery with reduced initial burst. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 163, 146–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.12.040.CrossRefPubMed

Chen, S., Cheng, S.-X., & Zhuo, R.-X. (2011). Self-assembly strategy for the preparation of polymer-based nanoparticles for drug and gene delivery. Macromolecular Bioscience, 11(5), 576–589. https://doi.org/10.1002/mabi.201000427.CrossRefPubMed

Cheng, F., Chen, Y., Zhan, Z., Liu, Y., Hu, P., Ren, H., Tang, H., & Peng, M. (2018). Curc-mPEG454, a PEGylated curcumin derivative, improves anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities: A comparative study. Inflammation, 41(2), 579–594. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-017-0714-2.CrossRefPubMed

Davoudi, Z., Peroutka-Bigus, N., Bellaire, B., Wannemuehler, M., Barrett, T. A., Narasimhan, B., & Wang, Q. (2018). Intestinal organoids containing poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 106(4), 876–886. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.36305.CrossRefPubMed

Esmaili, Z., Bayrami, S., Dorkoosh, F. A., Akbari Javar, H., Seyedjafari, E., Zargarian, S. S., & Haddadi-Asl, V. (2018). Development and characterization of electrosprayed nanoparticles for encapsulation of curcumin. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 106(1), 285–292. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.36233.CrossRefPubMed

Farajzadeh, R., Pilehvar-Soltanahmadi, Y., Dadashpour, M., Javidfar, S., Lotfi-Attari, J., Sadeghzadeh, H., Shafiei-Irannejad, V., & Zarghami, N. (2018). Nano-encapsulated metformin-curcumin in PLGA/PEG inhibits synergistically growth and hTERT gene expression in human breast cancer cells. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 46(5), 917–925. https://doi.org/10.1080/21691401.2017.1347879.CrossRefPubMed

Friman, S., Egestad, B., Sjövall, J., & Svanvik, J. (1993). Hepatic excretion and metabolism of polyethylene glycols and mannitol in the cat. Journal of Hepatology, 17(1), 48–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-8278(05)80520-3.CrossRefPubMed

Geng, Y., & Discher, D. E. (2005). Hydrolytic Degradation of poly (ethylene oxide)-block-polycaprolactone worm micelles. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 127(37), 12780–12781. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja053902e.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Gutiérrez, T. J. (2018a). Chapter 55. Processing nano- and microcapsules for industrial applications. In C. M. Hussain (Ed.), Handbook of nanomaterials for industrial applications (pp. 989–1011). EE.UU: Editorial Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-813351-4.00057-2. isbn:978-0-12-813351-4.CrossRef

Gutiérrez, T. J. (2018b). Chapter 9. Biodegradability and compostability of food nanopackaging materials. In G. Cirillo, M. A. Kozlowski, & U. G. Spizzirri (Eds.), Composite materials for food packaging (pp. 269–296). EE.UU: WILEY-Scrivener Publisher. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119160243.ch9. isbn:978-1-119-16020-5.CrossRef

Gutiérrez, T. J., & Álvarez, K. (2017). Chapter 6. Biopolymers as microencapsulation materials in the food industry. In: Advances in physicochemical properties of biopolymers: Part 2. Masuelli, M., & Renard, D. (Eds). Bentham Science Publishers. EE.UU. ISBN: 978-1-68108-545-6. eISBN: 978-1-68108-544-9, 2017. pp. 296–322. https://doi.org/10.2174/9781681085449117010009.

Han, S., Kim, C., & Kwon, D. (1997). Thermal/oxidative degradation and stabilization of polyethylene glycol. Polymer, 38(2), 317–323. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0032-3861(97)88175-x.CrossRef

Han, X., & Pan, J. (2011). Polymer chain scission, oligomer production and diffusion: A two-scale model for degradation of bioresorbable polyesters. Acta Biomaterialia, 7(2), 538–547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2010.09.005.CrossRefPubMed

Hu, Z., Yang, B., Li, T., & Li, J. (2018). Thyroid cancer detection by ultrasound molecular imaging with SHP2-targeted perfluorocarbon nanoparticles. Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging, 2018, 8710862. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8710862.CrossRef

Joshy, K. S., Snigdha, S., George, A., Kalarikkal, N., Pothen, L. A., & Thomas, S. (2017). Core–shell nanoparticles of carboxy methyl cellulose and compritol-PEG for antiretroviral drug delivery. Cellulose, 24(11), 4759–4771. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-017-1446-z.CrossRef

Khan, M. N., Haggag, Y. A., Lane, M. E., McCarron, P. A., & Tambuwala, M. M. (2018). Polymeric nano-encapsulation of curcumin enhances its anti-cancer activity in breast (MDA-MB231) and lung (A549) cancer cells through reduction in expression of HIF-1α and nuclear p65 (Rel a). Current Drug Delivery, 15(2), 286–295. https://doi.org/10.2174/1567201814666171019104002.CrossRefPubMed

Knop, K., Hoogenboom, R., Fischer, D., & Schubert, U. S. (2010). Poly(ethylene glycol) in drug delivery: Pros and cons as well as potential alternatives. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 49(36), 6288–6308. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200902672.CrossRefPubMed

Kobayashi, M., Chang, Y. S., & Oka, M. (2005). A two year in vivo study of polyvinyl alcohol-hydrogel (PVA-H) artificial meniscus. Biomaterials, 26(16), 3243–3248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.08.028.CrossRefPubMed

Kolate, A., Baradia, D., Patil, S., Vhora, I., Kore, G., & Misra, A. (2014). PEG - A versatile conjugating ligand for drugs and drug delivery systems. Journal of Controlled Release, 192, 67–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.06.046.CrossRefPubMed

Kumari, A., Yadav, S. K., & Yadav, S. C. (2010). Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles based drug delivery systems. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 75(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.09.001.CrossRefPubMed

Li, N., Lu, X., Fang, M., Qiu, Z., Chen, X., Ren, L., Ouyang, P., & Chen, G. (2018). PEGylated triacontanol substantially enhanced the pharmacokinetics of triacontanol in rats. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 66(33), 8722–8728. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02684.CrossRefPubMed

Li, S., & McCarthy, S. (1999). Further investigations on the hydrolytic degradation of poly(DL-lactide). Biomaterials, 20(1), 35–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0142-9612(97)00226-3.CrossRefPubMed

Li, W., Zhan, P., De Clercq, E., Lou, H., & Liu, X. (2013). Current drug research on PEGylation with small molecular agents. Progress in Polymer Science, 38(3–4), 421–444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2012.07.006.CrossRef

Lu, J., Huang, Y., Zhao, W., Chen, Y., Li, J., Gao, X., Venkataramanan, R., & Li, S. (2013). Design and characterization of PEG-derivatized vitamin E as a nanomicellar formulation for delivery of paclitaxel. Molecular Pharmaceutics, 10(8), 2880–2890. https://doi.org/10.1021/mp300729y.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Lukyanov, A. N., & Torchilin, V. P. (2004). Micelles from lipid derivatives of water-soluble polymers as delivery systems for poorly soluble drugs. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 56(9), 1273–1289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2003.12.004.CrossRefPubMed

Machinaga, N., Ashley, G. W., Reid, R., Yamasaki, A., Tanaka, K., Nakamura, K., Yabe, Y., Yoshigae, Y., & Santi, D. V. (2018). A controlled release system for long-acting intravitreal delivery of small molecules. Translational Vision Science & Technology, 7(4), 21–21. https://doi.org/10.1167/tvst.7.4.21.CrossRef

Mandal, D., Shaw, T. K., Dey, G., Pal, M. M., Mukherjee, B., Bandyopadhyay, A. K., & Mandal, M. (2018). Preferential hepatic uptake of paclitaxel-loaded poly-(D-L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles - a possibility for hepatic drug targeting: Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 112, 818–830. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.02.021.CrossRefPubMed

Medina-O’Donnell, M., Rivas, F., Reyes-Zurita, F. J., Martinez, A., Lupianez, J. A., & Parra, A. (2018). Diamine and PEGylated-diamine conjugates of triterpenic acids as potential anticancer agents. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 148, 325–336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.02.044.CrossRefPubMed

Medina-O’Donnell, M., Rivas, F., Reyes-Zurita, F. J., Martinez, A., Martin-Fonseca, S., Garcia-Granados, A., Ferrer-Martín, R. M., Lupiañez, J. A., & Parra, A. (2016). Semi-synthesis and antiproliferative evaluation of PEGylated pentacyclic triterpenes. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 118, 64–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.04.016.CrossRefPubMed

Mura, S., Nicolas, J., & Couvreur, P. (2013). Stimuli-responsive nanocarriers for drug delivery. Nature Materials, 12(11), 991–1003. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3776.CrossRefPubMed

Nicks, F., Richel, A., Richard, G., Laurent, P., Wathelet, B., Wathelet, J.-P., & Paquot, M. (2012). Green synthesis and antioxidant activity of new PEGylated ferulic acids. Tetrahedron Letters, 53(19), 2402–2405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.02.118.CrossRef

Owens, D. E., III, & Peppas, N. A. (2006). Opsonization, biodistribution, and pharmacokinetics of polymeric nanoparticles. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 307(1), 93–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.10.010.CrossRefPubMed

Pandey, M. K., Balwani, S., Sharma, P. K., Parmar, V. S., Ghosh, B., & Watterson, A. C. (2010). Design, synthesis and anti-inflammatory evaluation of PEGylated 4-methyl and 4,8-dimethylcoumarins. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 39(1–3), 134–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2009.11.008.CrossRefPubMed

Pelegri-O’Day, E. M., Lin, E. W., & Maynard, H. D. (2014). Therapeutic protein-polymer conjugates: Advancing beyond PEGylation. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 136(41), 14323–14332. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja504390x.CrossRefPubMed

Peng, Y. M., Nie, J. P., Cheng, W., Liu, G., Zhu, D. W., Zhang, L. H., Liang, C. Y., Mei, L., Huang, L. Q., & Zeng, X. W. (2018). A multifunctional nanoplatform for cancer chemo-photothermal synergistic therapy and overcoming multidrug resistance. Biomaterials Science, 6(5), 1084–1098. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7bm01206c.CrossRefPubMed

Rapoport, N. (2007). Physical stimuli-responsive polymeric micelles for anti-cancer drug delivery. Progress in Polymer Science, 32(8–9), 962–990. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2007.05.009.CrossRef

Reichert, C., & Borchard, G. (2016). Noncovalent PEGylation, an innovative subchapter in the field of protein modification. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 105(2), 386–390. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.24692.CrossRefPubMed

Roque, L., Castro, P., Molpeceres, J., Viana, A. S., Roberto, A., Reis, C., Rijo, P., Tho, I., Sarmento, B., & Reis, C. (2018). Bioadhesive polymeric nanoparticles as strategy to improve the treatment of yeast infections in oral cavity: in-vitro and ex-vivo studies. European Polymer Journal, 104, 19–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.04.032.CrossRef

Sabino, M. A., Albuerne, J., Müller, A. J., Brisson, J., & Prud’homme, R. E. (2004). Influence of in vitro hydrolytic degradation on the morphology and crystallization behavior of poly(p-dioxanone). Biomacromolecules, 5(2), 358–370. https://doi.org/10.1021/bm034367i.CrossRefPubMed

Sánchez-López, E., Ettcheto, M., Egea, M. A., Espina, M., Cano, A., Calpena, A. C., Camins, A., Carmona, N., Silva, A. M., & Souto, E. B. (2018). Memantine loaded PLGA PEGylated nanoparticles for Alzheimer’s disease: In vitro and in vivo characterization. Journal of Nanobiotechnology, 16(1), 32. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-018-0356-z.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Sharma, S., Parmar, A., Kori, S., & Sandhir, R. (2016). PLGA-based nanoparticles: A new paradigm in biomedical applications. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 80, 30–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2015.06.014.CrossRef

Shi, Y. A., Sun, X. F., Zhang, L. P., Sun, K. X., Li, K. K., Li, Y. X., & Zhang, Q. (2018). Fc-modified exenatide-loaded nanoparticles for oral delivery to improve hypoglycemic effects in mice. Scientific Reports, 8, 726. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-19170-y.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Shih, C. (1995). Chain-end scission in acid catalyzed hydrolysis of poly(D,L-lactide) in solution. Journal of Controlled Release, 34(1), 9–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-3659(94)00100-9.CrossRef

Silva-Abreu, M., Espinoza, L., Halbaut, L., Espina, M., García, M., & Calpena, A. (2018). Comparative study of ex vivo transmucosal permeation of pioglitazone nanoparticles for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Polymers, 10(3), 316. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10030316.CrossRefPubMedCentral

Soppimath, K. S., Aminabhavi, T. M., Kulkarni, A. R., & Rudzinski, W. E. (2001). Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles as drug delivery devices. Journal of Controlled Release, 70(1–2), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-3659(00)00339-4.CrossRefPubMed

Stidl, R., Denne, M., Goldstine, J., Kadish, B., Korakas, K. I., & Turecek, P. L. (2018). Polyethylene glycol exposure with antihemophilic factor (recombinant), PEGylated (rurioctocog alfa pegol) and other therapies indicated for the pediatric population: History and safety. Pharmaceuticals (Basel), 11(3), 75. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph11030075.CrossRef

Swierczewska, M., Lee, K. C., & Lee, S. (2015). What is the future of PEGylated therapies? Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs, 20(4), 531–536. https://doi.org/10.1517/14728214.2015.1113254.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Tavakoli, F., Jahanban-Esfahlan, R., Seidi, K., Jabbari, M., Behzadi, R., Pilehvar-Soltanahmadi, Y., & Zarghami, N. (2018). Effects of nano-encapsulated curcumin-chrysin on telomerase, MMPs and TIMPs gene expression in mouse B16F10 melanoma tumour model. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 46(sup2), 75–86. https://doi.org/10.1080/21691401.2018.1452021.CrossRefPubMed

Tyrrell, Z. L., Shen, Y., & Radosz, M. (2010). Fabrication of micellar nanoparticles for drug delivery through the self-assembly of block copolymers. Progress in Polymer Science, 35(9), 1128–1143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2010.06.003.CrossRef

Ulbricht, J., Jordan, R., & Luxenhofer, R. (2014). On the biodegradability of polyethylene glycol, polypeptoids and poly(2-oxazoline)s. Biomaterials, 35(17), 4848–4861. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.02.029.CrossRefPubMed

Veronese, F. M., & Pasut, G. (2005). PEGylation, successful approach to drug delivery. Drug Discovery Today, 10(21), 1451–1458. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6446(05)03575-0.CrossRefPubMed

Wei, D., Qiao, R., Dao, J., Su, J., Jiang, C., Wang, X., Gao, M., & Zhong, J. (2018). Soybean lecithin-mediated nanoporous PLGA microspheres with highly entrapped and controlled released BMP-2 as a stem cell platform. Small, 14(22), 1800063. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201800063.CrossRef

Wichitnithad, W., Nimmannit, U., Callery, P. S., & Rojsitthisak, P. (2011). Effects of different carboxylic ester spacers on chemical stability, release characteristics, and anticancer activity of mono-PEGylated curcumin conjugates. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 100(12), 5206–5218. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.22716.CrossRefPubMed

Zhang, L., Pornpattananangkul, D., Hu, C.-M., & Huang, C.-M. (2010). Development of nanoparticles for antimicrobial drug delivery. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 17(6), 585–594. https://doi.org/10.2174/092986710790416290.CrossRefPubMed

Zhang, P., Ye, H., Min, T., & Zhang, C. (2008). Water soluble poly(ethylene glycol) prodrug of silybin: Design, synthesis, and characterization. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 107(5), 3230–3235. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.27450.CrossRef

Zhang, Z., Kuijer, R., Bulstra, S. K., Grijpma, D. W., & Feijen, J. (2006). The in vivo and in vitro degradation behavior of poly(trimethylene carbonate). Biomaterials, 27(9), 1741–1748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.09.017.CrossRefPubMed

Zarrintaj, P., Jouyandeh, M., Ganjali, M. R., Hadavand, B. S., Mozafari, M., Sheiko, S. S., Vatankhah-Varnoosfaderani, M., Gutiérrez, T. J., & Saeb, M. R. (2019). Thermo-sensitive polymers in medicine: A review. European Polymer Journal, 117, 402–423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.05.024.CrossRef

Zweers, M. L., Engbers, G. H., Grijpma, D. W., & Feijen, J. (2004). In vitro degradation of nanoparticles prepared from polymers based on DL-lactide, glycolide and poly(ethylene oxide). Journal of Controlled Release, 100(3), 347–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2004.09.008.CrossRefPubMed

Title: Biodegradable and Functional Synthetic Polymers in Nanomedicine: Controlled and Targeted Bioactive Molecule Release
Authors: Xiaoming Guo
Leung Chan
Tianfeng Chen
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Book: Reactive and Functional Polymers Volume One
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-43402-1

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-43403-8

Copyright Year: 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43403-8_2

Springer Professional

Abstract

Please log in to get access to your license.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Premium Partners