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Introduction and General Overview Read chapter Read first chapter

2012 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

6. Biodiesel Production Using Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysts: A Review

Authors : Ajay K. Dalai, Titipong Issariyakul, Chinmoy Baroi

Published in: Catalysis for Alternative Energy Generation

Publisher: Springer New York

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Abstract

Biodiesel, which is an alternative renewable fuel, is defined as mono alkyl ester of long-chain fatty acids and has properties comparable to those of fossil-based diesel. Biodiesel can be produced from vegetable oils or animal fats. The most common method used to produce biodiesel is a reversible chemical reaction called transesterification. This reaction takes place either in the presence of catalysts at lower temperature and pressure or in the absence of catalysts at higher temperature and pressure in supercritical state. Catalyzed transesterification reaction is preferred in biodiesel production because of the moderate reaction conditions. Homogeneous base catalysis can be used in transesterification when fresh vegetable oil is used as a feedstock due to its low cost, high catalytic activity, and feasibility to operate at low temperatures. Homogeneous acid catalysis is a better choice when the feedstock contains higher amounts of free fatty acids (FFAs). Heterogeneous base and acid catalysis are preferred due to their easy separation from biodiesel, hence reducing number of product purification steps. However, heterogeneous catalysis is still under development and has a promising future in biodiesel industries. In this chapter, various acid- and base-catalyzed esterification and transesterification reactions are discussed, and recent trend in catalyst development is highlighted. It is recommended that a proper selection of catalyst is made in a transesterification reaction, depending largely on the type of feedstock.

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previous chapter Methanol Steam Reforming
next chapter Heterogeneous Catalysts for Converting Renewable Feedstocks to Fuels and Chemicals
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Metadata
Title
Biodiesel Production Using Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysts: A Review
Authors
Ajay K. Dalai
Titipong Issariyakul
Chinmoy Baroi
Copyright Year
2012
Publisher
Springer New York
Book
Catalysis for Alternative Energy Generation

Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-0343-2

Electronic ISBN: 978-1-4614-0344-9

Copyright Year: 2012

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0344-9_6

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