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Recent History of the Chemical Industry 1973 to the Millennium: The New Facts of World Chemicals Since 1973 Read chapter Read first chapter

2012 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

33. Biomass Conversion

Authors : Stephen R. Decker, John Sheehan, David C. Dayton, Joseph J. Bozell, William S. Adney, Bonnie Hames, Steven R. Thomas, Richard L. Bain, Stefan Czernik, Min Zhang, Michael E. Himmel

Published in: Handbook of Industrial Chemistry and Biotechnology

Publisher: Springer US

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Abstract

In its simplest terms, biomass is all the plant matter found on our planet. Biomass is produced directly by photosynthesis, the fundamental engine of life on earth. Plant photosynthesis uses energy from the sun to combine carbon dioxide from the atmosphere with water to produce organic plant matter. More inclusive definitions are possible. For example, animal products and waste can be included in the definition of biomass. Animals, like plants, are renewable; but animals clearly are one step removed from the direct use of sunlight. Using animal rather than plant material thus leads to substantially less efficient use of our planet’s ultimate renewable resource, the sun. So, we emphasize plant matter in our definition of biomass. It is the photosynthetic capability of plants to utilize carbon dioxide from the atmosphere that leads to its designation as a “carbon neutral” fuel, meaning that it does not introduce new carbon into the atmosphere. In reality—as discussed later in the description of life cycle assessments of biomass use—we find that biomass fuels are not quite carbon neutral, because somewhere in the life cycle of their production, conversion, and distribution, some fossil energy carbon is released.

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Metadata
Title
Biomass Conversion
Authors
Stephen R. Decker
John Sheehan
David C. Dayton
Joseph J. Bozell
William S. Adney
Bonnie Hames
Steven R. Thomas
Richard L. Bain
Stefan Czernik
Min Zhang
Michael E. Himmel
Copyright Year
2012
Publisher
Springer US
Book
Handbook of Industrial Chemistry and Biotechnology

Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-4258-5

Electronic ISBN: 978-1-4614-4259-2

Copyright Year: 2012

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4259-2_33