Skip to main content
Disciplines
Automotive Business IT + Informatics Construction + Real Estate Electrical Engineering + Electronics Energy + Sustainability Insurance + Risk Finance + Banking Management + Leadership Marketing + Sales Mechanical Engineering + Materials
Events
DE
EN
Books
Journals
Topic Page
Marketing
Start single access now
Access for companies
EXTENDED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Published in:
Historical Development of Aeronautical Materials Read chapter Read first chapter

2020 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

9. Biopolymers and Biocomposites

Authors : Xiaosu Yi, Jianfeng Tong, Xvfeng Zhang, Jin Zhu, Xiaoqing Liu, Guijun Xian, Yan Li, Fangbo Ding, Chris Rudd, Xiaoling Liu, Pooria Khalili

Published in: Revolutionizing Aircraft Materials and Processes

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

This chapter gives a comprehensive review on R&D efforts to develop bio-based thermosetting resins and biocomposites for use in critical applications such as aircraft fabrication, rail transportation, and construction by a Chinese research consortium in collaboration with international teams. This work was initially motivated by the fact that, on one hand, environmental and resource-related benefits of bio-sourced materials are still compromised by limited standards of technical performance and material life. On the other hand, in the air and ground transportation sectors, new environmental regulations and societal concerns have triggered a search for new products and processes that complement not only environment but also resources. To address this issue, novel bio-sourced materials, including bio-sourced epoxies, continuous plant fibers, textiles and prepregs, and neat and hybrid biocomposite laminates, were developed. These materials were characterized, modified, and evaluated in terms of their interfacial properties, flammability, and hydrothermal stability levels. Quasi-structural and structural damping biocomposite structures were finally designed and manufactured using technologies that have been fully adapted to state-of-the-art industrial composite processes. It is also found that developing function-integrated plant-fiber-fabric-reinforced biocomposites and corresponding hybrid structures appears to be more essential and feasible than the mere development of “high-performance” biocomposites for applications. At the end of the chapter, structural damping and decorative quasi-structural composites for use in aircraft, rail transportation, and civil engineering sectors are presented.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now
previous chapter Nano-enabled Multifunctional Materials: Mechanical Behavior and Multi-scale Modeling
next chapter Self-Healing Mechanisms in Multifunctional Structural Materials
Literature
Alamri H, Low I (2012) Effect of water absorption on the mechanical properties of n-SiC filled recycled cellulose fibre reinforced epoxy eco-nanocomposites. Polym Test 31(6):810–818CrossRef
Alongi J, Ciobanu M, Malucelli G (2011) Novel flame retardant finishing systems for cotton fabrics based on phosphorus-containing compounds and silica derived from sol–gel processes. Carbohydr Polym 85(3):599–608CrossRef
Alongi J, Carosio F, Malucelli G (2012a) Layer by layer complex architectures based on ammonium polyphosphate, chitosan and silica on polyester-cotton blends: flammability and combustion behaviour. Cellulose 19(3):1041–1050CrossRef
Alongi J, Colleoni C, Malucelli G, Rosace G (2012b) Hybrid phosphorus-doped silica architectures derived from a multistep sol–gel process for improving thermal stability and flame retardancy of cotton fabrics. Polym Degrad Stab 97(8):1334–1344CrossRef
Alongi J, Colleoni C, Rosace G, Malucelli G (2013) The role of pre-hydrolysis on multi step sol–gel processes for enhancing the flame retardancy of cotton. Cellulose 20(1):525–535CrossRef
Bachmann J, Yi X, Gong H, Martinez X, Bugeda G, Oller S, Tserpes K, Ramon E, Paris C, Moreira P, Fang Z, Li Y, Liu Y, Liu X, Xian G, Tong J, Wei J, Zhang X, Zhu J, Ma S, Yu T (2018) Outlook on ecologically improved composites for aviation interior and secondary structures. CEAS Aeronaut J 9(3):533–543CrossRef
Bodros E, Pillin I, Montrelay N, Baley C (2007) Could biopolymers reinforced by randomly scattered flax fibre be used in structural applications? Compos Sci Technol 67(3–4):462–470CrossRef
Brancatelli G, Colleoni C, Massafra M, Rosace G (2011) Effect of hybrid phosphorus-doped silica thin films produced by sol-gel method on the thermal behavior of cotton fabrics. Polym Degrad Stab 96(4):483–490CrossRef
Dhakal H, Zhang Z, Richardson M (2007) Effect of water absorption on the mechanical properties of hemp fibre reinforced unsaturated polyester composites. Compos Sci Technol 67(7–8):1674–1683CrossRef
Edwards B, El-Shafei A, Hauser P, Malshe P (2012) Towards flame retardant cotton fabrics by atmospheric pressure plasma-induced graft polymerization: synthesis and application of novel phosphoramidate monomers. Surf Coat Technol 209:73–79CrossRef
Guin T, Krecker M, Milhorn A, Grunlan J (2014) Maintaining hand and improving fire resistance of cotton fabric through ultrasonication rinsing of multilayer nanocoating. Cellulose 21(4):3023–3030CrossRef
Huang J, Chang Hung Y, Wen Y, Kang C, Yeh M (2009) Polylactide/nano- and micro-scale silica composite films. II. Melting behavior and cold crystallization. J Appl Polym Sci 112(5):3149–3156CrossRef
Ikada Y, Tsuji H (2000) Biodegradable polyesters for medical and ecological applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 21(3):117–132CrossRef
Jana S, Zhong W (2009) Graphite particles with a “puffed” structure and enhancement in mechanical performance of their epoxy composites. Mater Sci Eng A 525(1–2):138–146CrossRef
Jangra S, Stalin K, Dilbaghi N, Kumar S, Tawale J, Singh S, Pasricha R (2012) Antimicrobial activity of zirconia (ZrO2) nanoparticles and zirconium complexes. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 12(9):7105–7112CrossRef
Jimenez M, Bellayer S, Duquesne S, Bourbigot S (2010) Improvement of heat resistance of high performance fibers using a cold plasma polymerization process. Surf Coat Technol 205(3):745–758CrossRef
Kalia S, Kaith B, Kaur I (2009) Pretreatments of natural fibers and their application as reinforcing material in polymer composites—a review. Polym Eng Sci 49(7):1253–1272CrossRef
Khalili P, Tshai K, Kong I (2017a) Natural fiber reinforced expandable graphite filled composites: evaluation of the flame retardancy, thermal and mechanical performances. Compos A: Appl Sci Manuf 100:194–205CrossRef
Khalili P, Tshai K, Hui D, Kong I (2017b) Synergistic of ammonium polyphosphate and alumina trihydrate as fire retardants for natural fiber reinforced epoxy composite. Compos Part B 114:101–110CrossRef
Khan B, Warner P, Wang H (2014) Antibacterial properties of hemp and other natural fibre plants: a review. Bioresources 9(2):3642–3659CrossRef
Lam Y, Kan C, Yuen C (2010) Effect of zinc oxide on flame retardant finishing of plasma pre-treated cotton fabric. Cellulose 18(1):151–165CrossRef
Laufer G, Kirkland C, Morgan A, Grunlan J (2012) Intumescent multilayer nanocoating, made with renewable polyelectrolytes, for flame-retardant cotton. Biomacromolecules 13(9):2843–2848CrossRef
Li Y, Mai Y, Ye L (2005) Effects of fibre surface treatment on fracture-mechanical properties of sisal-fibre composites. Compos Interf 12(1–2):141–163CrossRef
Li Y, Hu Y, Hu C, Yu Y (2008) Microstructures and mechanical properties of natural fibers. Adv Mater Res 33–37:553–558CrossRef
Li L, Yu Y, Wu Q, Zhan G, Li S (2009) Effect of chemical structure on the water absorption of amine-cured epoxy resins. Corros Sci 51(12):3000–3006CrossRef
Li Y, Yi X, Yu T, Xian G (2018) An overview of structural-functional-integrated composites based on the hierarchical microstructures of plant fibers. Adv Compos Hybrid Mater 1(2):231–246CrossRef
Liu Z, Yang Y, Zhang L, Liu Z, Xiong H (2007) Study on the cationic modification and dyeing of ramie fiber. Cellulose 14(4):337–345CrossRef
Liu X, Xin W, Zhang J (2009) Rosin-based acid anhydrides as alternatives to petrochemical curing agents. Green Chem 11(7):1018–1025CrossRef
Liu W, Chen L, Wang Y (2012a) A novel phosphorus-containing flame retardant for the formaldehyde-free treatment of cotton fabrics. Polym Degrad Stab 97(12):2487–2491CrossRef
Liu X, Huang W, Jiang Y, Zhu J, Zhang C (2012b) Preparation of a bio-based epoxy with comparable properties to those of petroleum-based counterparts. Express Polym Lett 6(4):293–298CrossRef
Liu X, Yi X, Zhu J (2018) Bio-based epoxies and composites as environmentally friendly alternative materials. Thermosets, pp 621–637
Loos A, Springer G (1979) Moisture absorption of graphite-epoxy composites immersed in liquids and in humid air. J Compos Mater 13(2):131–147CrossRef
Ma S, Liu X, Fan L, Jiang Y, Cao L, Tang Z, Zhu J (2013a) Synthesis and properties of a bio-based epoxy resin with high epoxy value and low viscosity. ChemSusChem 7(2):555–562CrossRef
Ma S, Liu X, Jiang Y, Fan L, Feng J, Zhu J (2013b) Synthesis and properties of phosphorus-containing bio-based epoxy resin from itaconic acid. Sci China Chem 57(3):379–388CrossRef
Ma S, Liu X, Jiang Y, Tang Z, Zhang C, Zhu J (2013c) Bio-based epoxy resin from itaconic acid and its thermosets cured with anhydride and comonomers. Green Chem 15(1):245–254CrossRef
Matsui K, Ohgai M (2005) Formation mechanism of hydrous-zirconia particles produced by hydrolysis of ZrOCl2 solutions. J Am Ceram Soc 80(8):1949–1956CrossRef
Ni N, Wen Y, He D, Yi X, Zhang T, Xu Y (2015) High damping and high stiffness CFRP composites with aramid non-woven fabric interlayers. Compos Sci Technol 117:92–99CrossRef
Opwis K, Wego A, Bahners T, Schollmeyer E (2011) Permanent flame retardant finishing of textile materials by a photochemical immobilization of vinyl phosphonic acid. Polym Degrad Stab 96(3):393–395CrossRef
Pan H, Song L, Ma L, Pan Y, Liew K, Hu Y (2014) Layer-by-layer assembled thin films based on fully biobased polysaccharides: chitosan and phosphorylated cellulose for flame-retardant cotton fabric. Cellulose 21(4):2995–3006CrossRef
Powers W (2000) FEATURES—automotive materials in the 21st century—forecast-type article is based on a presentation made by the author at ASM international’s materials XXI conference. Dr. Powers is Ford Motor Co.’s vice president of research. Adv Mater Manuf Process 157(5):38–41
Price D, Horrocks A, Akalin M, Faroq A (1997) Influence of flame retardants on the mechanism of pyrolysis of cotton (cellulose) fabrics in air. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 40–41:511–524CrossRef
Sain M, Park S, Suhara F, Law S (2004) Flame retardant and mechanical properties of natural fibre–PP composites containing magnesium hydroxide. Polym Degrad Stab 83(2):363–367CrossRef
Shen C, Springer G (1976) Moisture absorption and desorption of composite materials. J Compos Mater 10(1):2–20CrossRef
Shen X, Jia J, Chen C, Li Y, Kim J (2014) Enhancement of mechanical properties of natural fiber composites via carbon nanotube addition. J Mater Sci 49(8):3225–3233CrossRef
Summerscales J, Dissanayake N, Virk A, Hall W (2010) A review of bast fibres and their composites. Part 1—fibres as reinforcements. Compos A: Appl Sci Manuf 41(10):1329–1335CrossRef
Tang Z, Zhang C, Liu X, Zhu J (2011) The crystallization behavior and mechanical properties of polylactic acid in the presence of a crystal nucleating agent. J Appl Polym Sci 125(2):1108–1115CrossRef
Tian X, Lv C, Zhang G (2011) Preparation and antibacterial activity of Al2O3-ZrO2 carrying Ag+. Appl Mech Mater 55–57:1464–1467CrossRef
Tsuji H, Miyauchi S (2001) Poly(l-lactide): 7. Enzymatic hydrolysis of free and restricted amorphous regions in poly(l-lactide) films with different crystallinities and a fixed crystalline thickness. Polymer 42(9):4463–4467CrossRef
Wang H, Xian G, Li H, Sui L (2014) Durability study of a ramie-fiber reinforced phenolic composite subjected to water immersion. Fibers Polym 15(5):1029–1034CrossRef
Wang H, Xian G, Li H (2015) Grafting of nano-TiO2 onto flax fibers and the enhancement of the mechanical properties of the flax fiber and flax fiber/epoxy composite. Compos A: Appl Sci Manuf 76:172–180CrossRef
Werpy T, Petersen G (2004) Top value added chemicals from biomass: volume I—results of screening for potential candidates from sugars and synthesis gas
Xia Y, Xian G, Li H (2014) Enhancement of tensile properties of flax filaments through mercerization under sustained tension. Polym Polym Compos 22(2):203–208
Xian G, Yin P, Kafodya I, et al (2014) Durability study of ramie fiber fabric reinforced phenolic plates under humidity conditions. Sci Eng Compos Mater 23(1):45–52
Xian G, Yin P, Kafodya I, Li H, Wang W (2016) Durability study of ramie fiber fabric reinforced phenolic plates under humidity conditions. Sci Eng Compos Mater 23(1)
Xiao X, Lu S, Qi B, Zeng C, Yuan Z, Yu J (2014) Enhancing the thermal and mechanical properties of epoxy resins by addition of a hyperbranched aromatic polyamide grown on microcrystalline cellulose fibers. RSC Adv 4(29):14928CrossRef
Yang W, Li Y (2012) Sound absorption performance of natural fibers and their composites. Sci China Technol Sci 55(8):2278–2283CrossRef
Yang Z, Fei B, Wang X, Xin J (2011) A novel halogen-free and formaldehyde-free flame retardant for cotton fabrics. Fire Mater 36(1):31–39CrossRef
Yang Z, Xian G, Li H (2014) Effects of alternating temperatures and humidity on the moisture absorption and mechanical properties of ramie fiber reinforced phenolic plates. Polym Compos 36(9):1590–1596CrossRef
Yi X, Liu Y (2015) A method for fabricating structure-decorative composites with plant fiber fabrics. PCT-patent in pending
Yi X, Li Y (2017) Bio-sourced resins, plant fibers and biocomposites (in Chinese). Construction Industry Press, Beijing
Yi X, Zhang X, Ding F, Tong J (2018) Development of bio-sourced epoxies for bio-composites. Aerospace 5(2):65CrossRef
Yu T, Ren J, Li S, Yuan H, Li Y (2010) Effect of fiber surface-treatments on the properties of poly(lactic acid)/ramie composites. Compos A: Appl Sci Manuf 41(4):499–505CrossRef
Yuan H, Xing W, Zhang P, Song L, Hu Y (2012) Functionalization of cotton with UV-cured flame retardant coatings. Ind Eng Chem Res 51(15):5394–5401CrossRef
Zhang T, Yan H, Peng M, Wang L, Ding H, Fang Z (2013a) Construction of flame retardant nanocoating on ramie fabric via layer-by-layer assembly of carbon nanotube and ammonium polyphosphate. Nanoscale 5(7):3013CrossRef
Zhang T, Yan H, Wang L, Fang Z (2013b) Controlled formation of self-extinguishing intumescent coating on ramie fabric via layer-by-layer assembly. Ind Eng Chem Res 52(18):6138–6146CrossRef
Zhang Y, Li Y, Ma H, Yu T (2013c) Tensile and interfacial properties of unidirectional flax/glass fiber reinforced hybrid composites. Compos Sci Technol 88:172–177CrossRef
Zhang X, Wu Y, Wei J, Tong J, Yi X (2017) Curing kinetics and mechanical properties of bio-based composite using rosin-sourced anhydrides as curing agent for hot-melt prepreg. SCIENCE CHINA Technol Sci 60(9):1318–1331CrossRef
Zhu Y, Shi L, Liang J, Hui D, Lau K (2008) Synthesis of zirconia nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes and their potential for enhancing the fracture toughness of alumina ceramics. Compos Part B 39(7–8):1136–1141CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Biopolymers and Biocomposites
Authors
Xiaosu Yi
Jianfeng Tong
Xvfeng Zhang
Jin Zhu
Xiaoqing Liu
Guijun Xian
Yan Li
Fangbo Ding
Chris Rudd
Xiaoling Liu
Pooria Khalili
Copyright Year
2020
Book
Revolutionizing Aircraft Materials and Processes

Print ISBN: 978-3-030-35345-2

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-35346-9

Copyright Year: 2020

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35346-9_9

Premium Partners

    Image Credits