Skip to main content
Top

2017 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

5. Biostratigraphy and Biogeography

Authors : José Luis Prado, María Teresa Alberdi

Published in: Fossil Horses of South America

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

In this chapter, we analyze the patterns of vicariance and dispersal in fossil horses and the relationship with the environmental changes. We found that predominance of the dispersal events over vicariant ones is consistent with the migratory habits of horses. Ancestral distribution for the Equini tribe was ranged widely across North America. This distribution could have been succeeded during the middle to late Miocene, a time of tectonic and climatic change, and an increasing number of grasslands.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
go back to reference Alberdi MT (1987) La Familia Equidae, Gray, 1821 (Perissodactyla, Mammalia) en el Pleistoceno de Sudamérica. In: IV Congreso Latinoamericano de Paleontología, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia 1:484–499 Alberdi MT (1987) La Familia Equidae, Gray, 1821 (Perissodactyla, Mammalia) en el Pleistoceno de Sudamérica. In: IV Congreso Latinoamericano de Paleontología, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia 1:484–499
go back to reference Alberdi MT, Prado JL (1992) El Registro de Hippidion Owen, 1869 y Equus (Amerhippus) Hoffstetter, 1950 (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) en América del Sur. Ameghiniana 29:265–284 Alberdi MT, Prado JL (1992) El Registro de Hippidion Owen, 1869 y Equus (Amerhippus) Hoffstetter, 1950 (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) en América del Sur. Ameghiniana 29:265–284
go back to reference Alberdi MT, Prado JL (1993) Review of the genus Hippidion Owen, 1869 (Mammalia; Perissodactyla) from the Pleistocene of South America. Zool J Linn Soc 108:1–22CrossRef Alberdi MT, Prado JL (1993) Review of the genus Hippidion Owen, 1869 (Mammalia; Perissodactyla) from the Pleistocene of South America. Zool J Linn Soc 108:1–22CrossRef
go back to reference Alberdi MT, Prado JL, Ortiz Jaureguizar E (1995) Patterns of Body Size changes in fossil and living Equini (Perissodactyla). Biol J Linn Soc 54:349–370 Alberdi MT, Prado JL, Ortiz Jaureguizar E (1995) Patterns of Body Size changes in fossil and living Equini (Perissodactyla). Biol J Linn Soc 54:349–370
go back to reference Alroy J (2008) Dynamics of origination and extinction in the marine fossil record. PNAS USA 105:11536–11542CrossRef Alroy J (2008) Dynamics of origination and extinction in the marine fossil record. PNAS USA 105:11536–11542CrossRef
go back to reference Archibald JD, Gingerich PD, Lindsay EH, Clemens WA, Krause DW, Rose KD, (1987) First North American land mammal ages of the Cenozoic era. In: Woodbourne MO (ed) Cenozoic mammals of North America, University of California Press, Berkeley, pp 24–76 Archibald JD, Gingerich PD, Lindsay EH, Clemens WA, Krause DW, Rose KD, (1987) First North American land mammal ages of the Cenozoic era. In: Woodbourne MO (ed) Cenozoic mammals of North America, University of California Press, Berkeley, pp 24–76
go back to reference Carlini AA, Zurita AE, Aguilera O (2008) North American Glyptodontines (Xenarthra, Mammalia) in the Upper Pleistocene of northern South America. Paläont Zeits 82:125–138CrossRef Carlini AA, Zurita AE, Aguilera O (2008) North American Glyptodontines (Xenarthra, Mammalia) in the Upper Pleistocene of northern South America. Paläont Zeits 82:125–138CrossRef
go back to reference Cerling TE, Harris MJ, MacFadden BJ, Leakey MG, Quade J, Eisenmann V, Ehleringer JR (1997) Global Vegetation Change through the Miocene/Pliocene Boundary. Nature 389:153–158CrossRef Cerling TE, Harris MJ, MacFadden BJ, Leakey MG, Quade J, Eisenmann V, Ehleringer JR (1997) Global Vegetation Change through the Miocene/Pliocene Boundary. Nature 389:153–158CrossRef
go back to reference Cione LA, Tonni EP (1995a) Chronostratigraphy and “Land-Mammal Ages” in the Cenozoic of Southern South America: Principles, practices, and the “Uquian” Problem. J Paleont 69(1):135–159CrossRef Cione LA, Tonni EP (1995a) Chronostratigraphy and “Land-Mammal Ages” in the Cenozoic of Southern South America: Principles, practices, and the “Uquian” Problem. J Paleont 69(1):135–159CrossRef
go back to reference Cione LA, Tonni EP (1995b) Biostratigrafía y Cronología del Cenozoico Superior de la Región Pampeana. In: Alberdi MT, Leone G, Tonni EP (eds) Evolución Biológica y Climática de la Región Pampeana durante los últimos 5 millones de años. Un ensayo de Correlación del Mediterráneo Occidental. Monografías, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales CSIC, Madrid 12: 47–74 Cione LA, Tonni EP (1995b) Biostratigrafía y Cronología del Cenozoico Superior de la Región Pampeana. In: Alberdi MT, Leone G, Tonni EP (eds) Evolución Biológica y Climática de la Región Pampeana durante los últimos 5 millones de años. Un ensayo de Correlación del Mediterráneo Occidental. Monografías, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales CSIC, Madrid 12: 47–74
go back to reference Damuth J, Janis CM (2011) On the relationship between hypsodonty and feeding ecology in ungulate mammals, and its utility in palaeoecology. Biol Rev 86:733–758CrossRef Damuth J, Janis CM (2011) On the relationship between hypsodonty and feeding ecology in ungulate mammals, and its utility in palaeoecology. Biol Rev 86:733–758CrossRef
go back to reference Der Sarkissian C, Vilstrup JT, Schubert M, Seguin-Orlando A, Eme D, Weinstock J et al (2015) Mitochondrial genomes reveal the extinct Hippidion as an outgroup to all living equids. Biol Lett 11(3):20141058CrossRef Der Sarkissian C, Vilstrup JT, Schubert M, Seguin-Orlando A, Eme D, Weinstock J et al (2015) Mitochondrial genomes reveal the extinct Hippidion as an outgroup to all living equids. Biol Lett 11(3):20141058CrossRef
go back to reference Evander RL (1989) Phylogeny of the Family Equidae. In: Prothero DR, Schoch RM (eds) The evolution of perissodactyls. Oxford Monographs on Geology and Geophysics 15:109–127 Evander RL (1989) Phylogeny of the Family Equidae. In: Prothero DR, Schoch RM (eds) The evolution of perissodactyls. Oxford Monographs on Geology and Geophysics 15:109–127
go back to reference Franzen JL (2010) The rise of horses: 55 million years of evolution. Johns Hopkins University Press, Whashington DC Franzen JL (2010) The rise of horses: 55 million years of evolution. Johns Hopkins University Press, Whashington DC
go back to reference Gould SJ, Eldredge N (1977) Puntuated equilibria: the tempo and mode of evolution reconsidered. Paleobiology 3:115–151CrossRef Gould SJ, Eldredge N (1977) Puntuated equilibria: the tempo and mode of evolution reconsidered. Paleobiology 3:115–151CrossRef
go back to reference Graham RW (1999) Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic History of North American Vegetation. Oxford University Press, New York Graham RW (1999) Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic History of North American Vegetation. Oxford University Press, New York
go back to reference Haug GH, Tiedemann R, Zahn R, Ravelo AC et al (2001) Role of Panama uplift on oceanic freshwater balance. Geology 29:207–210CrossRef Haug GH, Tiedemann R, Zahn R, Ravelo AC et al (2001) Role of Panama uplift on oceanic freshwater balance. Geology 29:207–210CrossRef
go back to reference Hooker JJ (1989) Character polarities in early Perissodactyls and their significance for Hyracotherium and infraordinal relationships. In: Prothero DR, Schoch RM (eds) The Evolution of Perissodactyls, Oxford Monographs on Geology and Geophysics 15:79–101 Hooker JJ (1989) Character polarities in early Perissodactyls and their significance for Hyracotherium and infraordinal relationships. In: Prothero DR, Schoch RM (eds) The Evolution of Perissodactyls, Oxford Monographs on Geology and Geophysics 15:79–101
go back to reference Hulbert RC Jr (1989) Phylogenetic Interrelationships and evolution of North American Late Neogene Equinae. In: Prothero DR, Schoch RM (eds) The Evolution of Perissodactyls, Oxford Monographs on Geology and Geophysics 15:175–192 Hulbert RC Jr (1989) Phylogenetic Interrelationships and evolution of North American Late Neogene Equinae. In: Prothero DR, Schoch RM (eds) The Evolution of Perissodactyls, Oxford Monographs on Geology and Geophysics 15:175–192
go back to reference Hulbert RC Jr, MacFadden BJ (1991) Morphological transformation and Cladogenesis at the Base of the Adaptive Radiation of Miocene Hypsodont Horses. Am Mus Novitatis 3000:1–61 Hulbert RC Jr, MacFadden BJ (1991) Morphological transformation and Cladogenesis at the Base of the Adaptive Radiation of Miocene Hypsodont Horses. Am Mus Novitatis 3000:1–61
go back to reference Janis CM (1988) An estimation of tooth volume and hypsodonty indices in ungulate mammals and the correlation of these factors with dietary preferences. In: Russel DE, Santorio JP, Signogneu-Russel D (eds) Teeth Revisited, Proceedings of the VII international symposium on dental morphology. Mus Nat Hist Nat, Mem 53:367–387 Janis CM (1988) An estimation of tooth volume and hypsodonty indices in ungulate mammals and the correlation of these factors with dietary preferences. In: Russel DE, Santorio JP, Signogneu-Russel D (eds) Teeth Revisited, Proceedings of the VII international symposium on dental morphology. Mus Nat Hist Nat, Mem 53:367–387
go back to reference Janis CM (1989) A climatic explanation for patterns of evolutionary diversity in ungulate mammals. Palaeontology 32:463–481 Janis CM (1989) A climatic explanation for patterns of evolutionary diversity in ungulate mammals. Palaeontology 32:463–481
go back to reference Janis CM (1993) Tertiary Mammal evolution in the context of changing climates, vegetation, and tectonic events. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 24:467–500CrossRef Janis CM (1993) Tertiary Mammal evolution in the context of changing climates, vegetation, and tectonic events. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 24:467–500CrossRef
go back to reference Janis CM (1997) Ungulate teeth, diets, and climatic changes at the Eocene/Oligocene boundary. Zool-Anal Complex Syst 100(3):203–220 Janis CM (1997) Ungulate teeth, diets, and climatic changes at the Eocene/Oligocene boundary. Zool-Anal Complex Syst 100(3):203–220
go back to reference Janis CM (1998) Introduction. In: Janis CM, Scott KM, Jacons LL (eds) Evolution of tertiary mammals of North America: I. Terrestrial, Carnivores, Ungulates and Ungulatelike Mammals. Cambridge University Press, pp 1–17 Janis CM (1998) Introduction. In: Janis CM, Scott KM, Jacons LL (eds) Evolution of tertiary mammals of North America: I. Terrestrial, Carnivores, Ungulates and Ungulatelike Mammals. Cambridge University Press, pp 1–17
go back to reference Janis CM, Wilhelm PB (1993) were there mammalian pursuit predators in the Tertiary? Dances with wolf avatars. J Mammal Evol 1(2):103–125CrossRef Janis CM, Wilhelm PB (1993) were there mammalian pursuit predators in the Tertiary? Dances with wolf avatars. J Mammal Evol 1(2):103–125CrossRef
go back to reference Janis CM, Colbert MW, Coombs MC, Lambert D, MacFadden BJ, Mader BJ, Prothero DR, et al. (1998) Perissodactyla and Proboscidea. In: Janis CM, Scott KM, Jacons LL (eds) Evolution of tertiary mammals of North America: I. Terrestrial, carnivores, ungulates and ungulatelike mammals. Cambridge University Press, pp 511–524 Janis CM, Colbert MW, Coombs MC, Lambert D, MacFadden BJ, Mader BJ, Prothero DR, et al. (1998) Perissodactyla and Proboscidea. In: Janis CM, Scott KM, Jacons LL (eds) Evolution of tertiary mammals of North America: I. Terrestrial, carnivores, ungulates and ungulatelike mammals. Cambridge University Press, pp 511–524
go back to reference Janis CM, Damuth J, Theodor JM (2000) Miocene ungulates and terrestrial primary productivity: where have all the browsers gone? PNAS USA 97:7899–7904CrossRef Janis CM, Damuth J, Theodor JM (2000) Miocene ungulates and terrestrial primary productivity: where have all the browsers gone? PNAS USA 97:7899–7904CrossRef
go back to reference Keigwin L (1982) Isotopic paleoceanography of the Caribbean and East Pacific: role of Panama uplift in late Neogene time. Science 217(4557):350–353CrossRef Keigwin L (1982) Isotopic paleoceanography of the Caribbean and East Pacific: role of Panama uplift in late Neogene time. Science 217(4557):350–353CrossRef
go back to reference Kelly TS (1995) New Miocene horses from the Caliente Formation, Cuyama Valley Badlands, California. Cont Sci Nat Hist Mus Los Angeles County 455:1–33 Kelly TS (1995) New Miocene horses from the Caliente Formation, Cuyama Valley Badlands, California. Cont Sci Nat Hist Mus Los Angeles County 455:1–33
go back to reference Kelly TS (1998) New Middle Miocene Equid Crania from California and their implications for the phylogeny of the equini. Contrib Sci 473:1–44 Kelly TS (1998) New Middle Miocene Equid Crania from California and their implications for the phylogeny of the equini. Contrib Sci 473:1–44
go back to reference Lindsay EH, Opdyke ND, Johnson NM (1984) Blancan-Hemphillian land mammal ages and late Cenozoic mammal dispersal events. Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci 12:445–488CrossRef Lindsay EH, Opdyke ND, Johnson NM (1984) Blancan-Hemphillian land mammal ages and late Cenozoic mammal dispersal events. Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci 12:445–488CrossRef
go back to reference MacFadden BJ (1976) Cladistic analysis of primitive equids, with notes of other perissodactyls. Syst Zool 25:1–14CrossRef MacFadden BJ (1976) Cladistic analysis of primitive equids, with notes of other perissodactyls. Syst Zool 25:1–14CrossRef
go back to reference MacFadden BJ (1985) Drifting continents, mammals, and time scales: current developments in South America. J Vert Paleont 5:169–174CrossRef MacFadden BJ (1985) Drifting continents, mammals, and time scales: current developments in South America. J Vert Paleont 5:169–174CrossRef
go back to reference MacFadden BJ (1986) Fossil Horses from “Eohippus” (Hyracotherium) to “Equus”: Scaling Cope’s Law, and the Evolution of Body Size. Paleobiology 12(4):355–369CrossRef MacFadden BJ (1986) Fossil Horses from “Eohippus” (Hyracotherium) to “Equus”: Scaling Cope’s Law, and the Evolution of Body Size. Paleobiology 12(4):355–369CrossRef
go back to reference MacFadden BJ (1988) Horses, the fossils record, and evolution—a current perspective. In: Hecht MK, Wallace B, Prance GT (eds) Evolutionary biology. Plenum Press, New York, pp 131–158 MacFadden BJ (1988) Horses, the fossils record, and evolution—a current perspective. In: Hecht MK, Wallace B, Prance GT (eds) Evolutionary biology. Plenum Press, New York, pp 131–158
go back to reference MacFadden BJ (1992) Fossil horses. Systematics, paleobiology, and evolution of the family equidae. Cambridge University Press, New York MacFadden BJ (1992) Fossil horses. Systematics, paleobiology, and evolution of the family equidae. Cambridge University Press, New York
go back to reference MacFadden BJ (1997) Pleistocene horses from Tarija, Bolivia, and validity of the Genus Onohippidium (Mammalia: Equidae). J Vert Paleont 17(1):199–218CrossRef MacFadden BJ (1997) Pleistocene horses from Tarija, Bolivia, and validity of the Genus Onohippidium (Mammalia: Equidae). J Vert Paleont 17(1):199–218CrossRef
go back to reference MacFadden BJ (1998) Preorbital facial fossae Onohippidium, and origin of South American Pleistocene horses: response to Alberdi and Prado. J Vert Paleont 18(3):673–675CrossRef MacFadden BJ (1998) Preorbital facial fossae Onohippidium, and origin of South American Pleistocene horses: response to Alberdi and Prado. J Vert Paleont 18(3):673–675CrossRef
go back to reference MacFadden BJ (2000) Middle Pleistocene climate change recorded in fossil mammal teeth from Tarija Bolivia, and upper limit of the Ensenadan Land-Mammal age. Quat Res 54:121–131CrossRef MacFadden BJ (2000) Middle Pleistocene climate change recorded in fossil mammal teeth from Tarija Bolivia, and upper limit of the Ensenadan Land-Mammal age. Quat Res 54:121–131CrossRef
go back to reference MacFadden BJ (2005) Diet and habitat of toxodont megaherbivores (Mammalia, Notoungulata) from the late Quaternary of South and Central America. Quat Res 64:113–124CrossRef MacFadden BJ (2005) Diet and habitat of toxodont megaherbivores (Mammalia, Notoungulata) from the late Quaternary of South and Central America. Quat Res 64:113–124CrossRef
go back to reference MacFadden BJ (2013) Dispersal of Pleistocene Equus (Family Equidae) into South America and calibration of GABI 3 based on Evidence from Tarija, Bolivia. PlosOne 8(3):e59277CrossRef MacFadden BJ (2013) Dispersal of Pleistocene Equus (Family Equidae) into South America and calibration of GABI 3 based on Evidence from Tarija, Bolivia. PlosOne 8(3):e59277CrossRef
go back to reference MacFadden BJ, Azzaroli A (1987) Cranium of Equus insulatus (Mammalia, Equidae) from the Middle Pleistocene of Tarija, Bolivia. J Vert Paleont 7(3):325–334CrossRef MacFadden BJ, Azzaroli A (1987) Cranium of Equus insulatus (Mammalia, Equidae) from the Middle Pleistocene of Tarija, Bolivia. J Vert Paleont 7(3):325–334CrossRef
go back to reference MacFadden BJ, Cerling TE (1994) Fossil horses, carbon isotopes and global change. Trends Ecol Evol 9(12):481–486CrossRef MacFadden BJ, Cerling TE (1994) Fossil horses, carbon isotopes and global change. Trends Ecol Evol 9(12):481–486CrossRef
go back to reference MacFadden BJ, Cerling TE, Prado J (1996) Cenozoic terrestrial ecosystem in Argentina evidence from carbon isotopes of fossil mammal teeth. Palaios 11:319–327CrossRef MacFadden BJ, Cerling TE, Prado J (1996) Cenozoic terrestrial ecosystem in Argentina evidence from carbon isotopes of fossil mammal teeth. Palaios 11:319–327CrossRef
go back to reference Maguire KC, Stigall AL (2008) Paleobiogeography of Miocene Equinae of North America: a phylogenetic biogeographic analysis of the relative roles of climate, vicariance, and dispersal. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimat Palaeoecol 267(3):175–184CrossRef Maguire KC, Stigall AL (2008) Paleobiogeography of Miocene Equinae of North America: a phylogenetic biogeographic analysis of the relative roles of climate, vicariance, and dispersal. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimat Palaeoecol 267(3):175–184CrossRef
go back to reference Marshall LG, Hoffstetter R, Pascual R (1983) Mammals and stratigraphy: geochronology of the continental mammal-bearing tertiary of South America. Palaeovertebrata ME 1–93 Marshall LG, Hoffstetter R, Pascual R (1983) Mammals and stratigraphy: geochronology of the continental mammal-bearing tertiary of South America. Palaeovertebrata ME 1–93
go back to reference Marshall LG, Berta A, Hoffstetter R, Pascual R, Reig OA, Bombin M, Mones A (1984) Mammals and stratigraphy: geochronology of the continental mammal-bearing quaternary of South America. Palaeovertebrata ME 1–76 Marshall LG, Berta A, Hoffstetter R, Pascual R, Reig OA, Bombin M, Mones A (1984) Mammals and stratigraphy: geochronology of the continental mammal-bearing quaternary of South America. Palaeovertebrata ME 1–76
go back to reference Matthew WD (1912) The new four-toed horse skeleton. Am Mus J 12:186 Matthew WD (1912) The new four-toed horse skeleton. Am Mus J 12:186
go back to reference Matthew WD (1926) The evolution of the horses: a record and its interpretation. Quat Rev Biol 1:139–185CrossRef Matthew WD (1926) The evolution of the horses: a record and its interpretation. Quat Rev Biol 1:139–185CrossRef
go back to reference Matthew WD, Stirton RA (1930) Equidae from the Pliocene of Texas. University of California Press Matthew WD, Stirton RA (1930) Equidae from the Pliocene of Texas. University of California Press
go back to reference Morgan GS (2002) Late Rancholabrean mammals from southernmost Florida, and the Neotropical influence in Florida Pleistocene faunas. Smiths Contrib Paleobiol 93:15–38 Morgan GS (2002) Late Rancholabrean mammals from southernmost Florida, and the Neotropical influence in Florida Pleistocene faunas. Smiths Contrib Paleobiol 93:15–38
go back to reference Morgan GS (2005) The Great American Biotic Interchange in Florida. Bull Florida Mus Nat Hist 45:271–312 Morgan GS (2005) The Great American Biotic Interchange in Florida. Bull Florida Mus Nat Hist 45:271–312
go back to reference Opdyke ND (1995) Mammalian migration and climate over the last seven million years. In: Vrba ES, Denton GD, Partridge TC, Burckle LH (eds) Paleoclimate and evolution with emphasis on human origins. Yale University Press, New Haven, pp 109–114 Opdyke ND (1995) Mammalian migration and climate over the last seven million years. In: Vrba ES, Denton GD, Partridge TC, Burckle LH (eds) Paleoclimate and evolution with emphasis on human origins. Yale University Press, New Haven, pp 109–114
go back to reference Ortiz Jaureguizar E (1997) La fauna de Mamíferos de América del Sur y el Gran Intercambio Biotico Americano: un ejemplo de invasión natural a escala continental. In Actas I Jornadas Nacionales y Regionales Sobre Medio Ambiente 1:134–141 Ortiz Jaureguizar E (1997) La fauna de Mamíferos de América del Sur y el Gran Intercambio Biotico Americano: un ejemplo de invasión natural a escala continental. In Actas I Jornadas Nacionales y Regionales Sobre Medio Ambiente 1:134–141
go back to reference Ortiz Jaureguizar E (2001) Cambios en la diversidad de los mamíferos sudamericanos durante el lapso Mioceno Superior-Holoceno: el caso pampeano. In: Meléndez G, Herrera Z, Delvene G, Azanza B (eds) Los Fósiles y la Paleogeografía? Publicaciones del SEPAZ, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 5:397–403 Ortiz Jaureguizar E (2001) Cambios en la diversidad de los mamíferos sudamericanos durante el lapso Mioceno Superior-Holoceno: el caso pampeano. In: Meléndez G, Herrera Z, Delvene G, Azanza B (eds) Los Fósiles y la Paleogeografía? Publicaciones del SEPAZ, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 5:397–403
go back to reference Ortiz Jaureguizar E, Cladera G (2006) Paleoenvironmental evolution of southern South America during the Cenozoic. J Arid Environ 66:489–532CrossRef Ortiz Jaureguizar E, Cladera G (2006) Paleoenvironmental evolution of southern South America during the Cenozoic. J Arid Environ 66:489–532CrossRef
go back to reference Osborn HF (1910) The age of mammals in Europe, Asia and North America. The Macmillan Company, New York Osborn HF (1910) The age of mammals in Europe, Asia and North America. The Macmillan Company, New York
go back to reference Pascual R, Ortiz Jaureguizar E (1990) Evolving climates and mammal faunas in cenozoic South America. J Hum Evol 19:23–60CrossRef Pascual R, Ortiz Jaureguizar E (1990) Evolving climates and mammal faunas in cenozoic South America. J Hum Evol 19:23–60CrossRef
go back to reference Pascual R, Ortega Hinojosa EJ, Gondar D, Tonni EP (1965) Las Edades del Cenozoico mamalífero de la Argentina, con especial atención a aquéllas del territorio bonaerense. An Com Invest Cient Prov Buenos Aires 6:165–193 Pascual R, Ortega Hinojosa EJ, Gondar D, Tonni EP (1965) Las Edades del Cenozoico mamalífero de la Argentina, con especial atención a aquéllas del territorio bonaerense. An Com Invest Cient Prov Buenos Aires 6:165–193
go back to reference Pascual R, Ortega Hinojosa EJ, Gondar D, Tonni EP (1966) Las edades del Cenozoico mamalífero de la provincia de Buenos Aires. In: Bonaerense Paleontología, de Investigaciones Comisión (eds) Borrello AV. Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos, Aires, pp 3–12 Pascual R, Ortega Hinojosa EJ, Gondar D, Tonni EP (1966) Las edades del Cenozoico mamalífero de la provincia de Buenos Aires. In: Bonaerense Paleontología, de Investigaciones Comisión (eds) Borrello AV. Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos, Aires, pp 3–12
go back to reference Pascual R, Ortiz Jaureguizar E, Prado JL (1996) Land mammals: paradigm of Cenozoic South American geobiotic evolution. Múnch Geowissensch Abh Geol Paläont A30:265–319 Pascual R, Ortiz Jaureguizar E, Prado JL (1996) Land mammals: paradigm of Cenozoic South American geobiotic evolution. Múnch Geowissensch Abh Geol Paläont A30:265–319
go back to reference Patterson B, Pascual R (1972) The fossil mammal fauna of South America. In: Keast A, Erk FC, Glass B (eds) Evolution, mammals and southern continents. University New York Press, Albany, pp 247–309 Patterson B, Pascual R (1972) The fossil mammal fauna of South America. In: Keast A, Erk FC, Glass B (eds) Evolution, mammals and southern continents. University New York Press, Albany, pp 247–309
go back to reference Prado JL, Alberdi MT (1994) A quantitative review of the horse equus from South America. Paleontology 37:459–481 Prado JL, Alberdi MT (1994) A quantitative review of the horse equus from South America. Paleontology 37:459–481
go back to reference Prado JL, Alberdi MT (1996) A cladistic analysis of the horses of the tribe equini. Palaeontology 39:663–680 Prado JL, Alberdi MT (1996) A cladistic analysis of the horses of the tribe equini. Palaeontology 39:663–680
go back to reference Prado JL, Alberdi MA (2014) Global evolution of Equidae and Gomphotheriidae from South America. Integr Zool 9:434–443CrossRef Prado JL, Alberdi MA (2014) Global evolution of Equidae and Gomphotheriidae from South America. Integr Zool 9:434–443CrossRef
go back to reference Prado JL, Alberdi MT, Reguero MA (1998) El Registro más antiguo de Hippidion Owen, 1869 (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) en América del Sur. Est Geol 54:85–91 Prado JL, Alberdi MT, Reguero MA (1998) El Registro más antiguo de Hippidion Owen, 1869 (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) en América del Sur. Est Geol 54:85–91
go back to reference Prado JL, Alberdi MT, Reguero MA (2000) Comentarios sobre la Geocronología, Estratigrafía y Paleontología de Vertebrados de la Fm. Uquía en el perfil de Esquina Blanca, Jujuy. Respuesta a EP Tonni y AL Cione. Est Geol 56:133–137 Prado JL, Alberdi MT, Reguero MA (2000) Comentarios sobre la Geocronología, Estratigrafía y Paleontología de Vertebrados de la Fm. Uquía en el perfil de Esquina Blanca, Jujuy. Respuesta a EP Tonni y AL Cione. Est Geol 56:133–137
go back to reference Prado JL, Sánchez B, Alberdi MT (2011) Ancient feeding ecology inferred from stable isotopic evidence from fossil horses in South America over the past 3 Ma. BMC Ecol 11:1–15CrossRef Prado JL, Sánchez B, Alberdi MT (2011) Ancient feeding ecology inferred from stable isotopic evidence from fossil horses in South America over the past 3 Ma. BMC Ecol 11:1–15CrossRef
go back to reference Prothero DR (1998) The chronological, climatic, and paleogeographic background to North American Mammalian evolution. In: Janis CM, Scott KM, Jacobs LL (eds) Evolution of tertiary mammals of North America. Cambridge University Press, pp 9–36 Prothero DR (1998) The chronological, climatic, and paleogeographic background to North American Mammalian evolution. In: Janis CM, Scott KM, Jacobs LL (eds) Evolution of tertiary mammals of North America. Cambridge University Press, pp 9–36
go back to reference Prothero DR, Schoch RM (1989) Origin and evolution of the Perissodactyla: Summary and synthesis. In: Prothero DR, Schoch RM (eds) The evolution of perissodactyls. Oxford Monographs on Geology and Geophysics 15:504–529 Prothero DR, Schoch RM (1989) Origin and evolution of the Perissodactyla: Summary and synthesis. In: Prothero DR, Schoch RM (eds) The evolution of perissodactyls. Oxford Monographs on Geology and Geophysics 15:504–529
go back to reference Radinsky LR (1984) Ontogeny and phylogeny in horse skull evolution. Evolution 38:1–15CrossRef Radinsky LR (1984) Ontogeny and phylogeny in horse skull evolution. Evolution 38:1–15CrossRef
go back to reference Reguero MA, Candela AM, Alonso RN (2007) Biochronology and biostratigraphy of the Uquía Formation (Pliocene-early Pleistocene, NW Argentina) and its significance in the Great American Biotic Interchange. J South Am Earth Sci 23:1–16CrossRef Reguero MA, Candela AM, Alonso RN (2007) Biochronology and biostratigraphy of the Uquía Formation (Pliocene-early Pleistocene, NW Argentina) and its significance in the Great American Biotic Interchange. J South Am Earth Sci 23:1–16CrossRef
go back to reference Sánchez B, Prado JL, Alberdi MT (2004) Feeding Ecology, Dispersal, and Extinction of South American Pleistocene Gomphotheres (Gomphotheriidae, Proboscidea). Paleobiology 30(1):146–161CrossRef Sánchez B, Prado JL, Alberdi MT (2004) Feeding Ecology, Dispersal, and Extinction of South American Pleistocene Gomphotheres (Gomphotheriidae, Proboscidea). Paleobiology 30(1):146–161CrossRef
go back to reference Savage DE (1962) Cenozoic Geochronology of the Fossil Mammals of the Western Hemisphere. Rev Mus Argentino Cien Nat “Bernardino Rivadavia”. Cie Zool 8:53–67 Savage DE (1962) Cenozoic Geochronology of the Fossil Mammals of the Western Hemisphere. Rev Mus Argentino Cien Nat “Bernardino Rivadavia”. Cie Zool 8:53–67
go back to reference Scillato-Yané GJ, Carlini AA, Tonni EP, Noriega JI (2005). Palaeobiogeography of the late Pleistocene pampatheres of South America. In: Rabassa J, Carlini AA (eds) Quaternary paleontology and biostratigraphy of Southern South America. J South Am Earth Sci 20:131–138 Scillato-Yané GJ, Carlini AA, Tonni EP, Noriega JI (2005). Palaeobiogeography of the late Pleistocene pampatheres of South America. In: Rabassa J, Carlini AA (eds) Quaternary paleontology and biostratigraphy of Southern South America. J South Am Earth Sci 20:131–138
go back to reference Shotwell JA (1961) Late Tertiary biogeography of horses in the northern Great Basin. J Paleont 35(1):203–217 Shotwell JA (1961) Late Tertiary biogeography of horses in the northern Great Basin. J Paleont 35(1):203–217
go back to reference Simpson GG (1950) History of the fauna of Latin America. Am Sci 38:261–389 Simpson GG (1950) History of the fauna of Latin America. Am Sci 38:261–389
go back to reference Simpson GG (1951) Horses. The story of the horse family in the modern world and through sixty million years of history. Oxford University Press, New York, p 247 Simpson GG (1951) Horses. The story of the horse family in the modern world and through sixty million years of history. Oxford University Press, New York, p 247
go back to reference Simpson GG (1971) The evolution of marsupials in South America. Ann Acad Brasileira Ciên 43:103–118 Simpson GG (1971) The evolution of marsupials in South America. Ann Acad Brasileira Ciên 43:103–118
go back to reference Simpson GG (1980) Splendid isolation. The curious history of South American mammals. Yale University Press, New Haron, p 266 Simpson GG (1980) Splendid isolation. The curious history of South American mammals. Yale University Press, New Haron, p 266
go back to reference Stebbins GL (1981) Coevolution of grasses and herbivores. Ann Misouri Bot Garden 68:75–86CrossRef Stebbins GL (1981) Coevolution of grasses and herbivores. Ann Misouri Bot Garden 68:75–86CrossRef
go back to reference Stirton RA (1940) Phylogeny of North American Equidae. Univ California Publ Bull Depart Geol Sci 25:165–198 Stirton RA (1940) Phylogeny of North American Equidae. Univ California Publ Bull Depart Geol Sci 25:165–198
go back to reference Stirton RA (1947) Observations on evolutionary rates in hypsodonty. Evolution 1:34–41CrossRef Stirton RA (1947) Observations on evolutionary rates in hypsodonty. Evolution 1:34–41CrossRef
go back to reference Strömberg CEA (2006) Evolution of hypsodonty in equids: testing a hypothesis of adaptation. Paleobiology 32:236–258CrossRef Strömberg CEA (2006) Evolution of hypsodonty in equids: testing a hypothesis of adaptation. Paleobiology 32:236–258CrossRef
go back to reference Tedford RH, Albright LBIII, Barnosky AD, Ferrusquia-Villafranca I, Hunt RMJr, Storer JE, Swisher III, Voorhies MR, Webb SD, Whistler DP (2004) Mammalian biochronology of the Arikareean through Hemphillian interval (Late Oligocene through Early Pliocene epochs). In: Woodburne MO (ed) Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic Mammals of North America. Biostratigraphy and Geochronology, Columbia University Press, New York, pp 169–231 Tedford RH, Albright LBIII, Barnosky AD, Ferrusquia-Villafranca I, Hunt RMJr, Storer JE, Swisher III, Voorhies MR, Webb SD, Whistler DP (2004) Mammalian biochronology of the Arikareean through Hemphillian interval (Late Oligocene through Early Pliocene epochs). In: Woodburne MO (ed) Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic Mammals of North America. Biostratigraphy and Geochronology, Columbia University Press, New York, pp 169–231
go back to reference Van Valen LM (1964) Age in two fossil horse populations. Acta Geol 45:93–106 Van Valen LM (1964) Age in two fossil horse populations. Acta Geol 45:93–106
go back to reference Vrba ES (1993) Turnover-pulses, the red queen, and related topics. Am J Sci 293-A:418–452 Vrba ES (1993) Turnover-pulses, the red queen, and related topics. Am J Sci 293-A:418–452
go back to reference Vrba ES (1995) On the connections between paleoclimate and evolution. In: Vrba ES, Denton GH, Partridge TC, Burckle LH (eds) Paleoclimate and evolution with emphasis on human origins. Yale University Press, New Haven, pp 24–45 Vrba ES (1995) On the connections between paleoclimate and evolution. In: Vrba ES, Denton GH, Partridge TC, Burckle LH (eds) Paleoclimate and evolution with emphasis on human origins. Yale University Press, New Haven, pp 24–45
go back to reference Vrba ES, DeGusta D (2004) Do species populations really start small? New perspectives from the late Neogene fossil record of African mammals. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B 359:285–293CrossRef Vrba ES, DeGusta D (2004) Do species populations really start small? New perspectives from the late Neogene fossil record of African mammals. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B 359:285–293CrossRef
go back to reference Wang Y, Cerling TE, MacFadden BJ (1994) Fossil horses and carbon isotopes: new evidence for Cenozoic dietary, habitat, and ecosystem changes in North America. Palaeogeog Palaeoclimat Palaeoecl 107:269–279CrossRef Wang Y, Cerling TE, MacFadden BJ (1994) Fossil horses and carbon isotopes: new evidence for Cenozoic dietary, habitat, and ecosystem changes in North America. Palaeogeog Palaeoclimat Palaeoecl 107:269–279CrossRef
go back to reference Webb SD (1976) A history of savanna vertebrates in the New World. Part I: North America. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 8:355–380CrossRef Webb SD (1976) A history of savanna vertebrates in the New World. Part I: North America. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 8:355–380CrossRef
go back to reference Webb SD (1977) A history of savanna vertebrates in the New world. Part I: North America. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 8:355–380CrossRef Webb SD (1977) A history of savanna vertebrates in the New world. Part I: North America. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 8:355–380CrossRef
go back to reference Webb SD (1978) A history of savanna vertebrates in the New World. Part II: South America and the great interchange. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 9:393–426CrossRef Webb SD (1978) A history of savanna vertebrates in the New World. Part II: South America and the great interchange. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 9:393–426CrossRef
go back to reference Webb SD (1983) The rise and fall of the late Miocene ungulate fauna in North America. In: Nitecki MH (ed) Coevolution, The University of Chicago Press, pp 267–306 Webb SD (1983) The rise and fall of the late Miocene ungulate fauna in North America. In: Nitecki MH (ed) Coevolution, The University of Chicago Press, pp 267–306
go back to reference Webb SD (1985) Late Cenozoic mammal dispersals between the Americas. In: Stehli FG, Webb SD (eds) The Great American biotic interchange. Plenum Press, New York, pp 357–386 Webb SD (1985) Late Cenozoic mammal dispersals between the Americas. In: Stehli FG, Webb SD (eds) The Great American biotic interchange. Plenum Press, New York, pp 357–386
go back to reference Webb SD (1991) Ecogeography and the Great American Interchange. Paleobiology 17:266–280CrossRef Webb SD (1991) Ecogeography and the Great American Interchange. Paleobiology 17:266–280CrossRef
go back to reference Webb SD, Hulbert RC Jr, Lambert WD, et al. (1995) Climatic Implications of Large-Herbivore Distributions in the Miocene of North America. In: Vrba ES, Denton GH, Partridge TC, Burckle LH (eds) Paleoclimate and Evolution with emphasis on human origins. Yale University Press, New Haven, pp 91–108 Webb SD, Hulbert RC Jr, Lambert WD, et al. (1995) Climatic Implications of Large-Herbivore Distributions in the Miocene of North America. In: Vrba ES, Denton GH, Partridge TC, Burckle LH (eds) Paleoclimate and Evolution with emphasis on human origins. Yale University Press, New Haven, pp 91–108
go back to reference Wood HE, Chaney RW, Clark J, Colbert EH, Jepsen GL, Reeside JB, Stock C (1941) Nomenclature and correlation of the North American continental tertiary. Geol Soc Am Bull 52(1):1–48CrossRef Wood HE, Chaney RW, Clark J, Colbert EH, Jepsen GL, Reeside JB, Stock C (1941) Nomenclature and correlation of the North American continental tertiary. Geol Soc Am Bull 52(1):1–48CrossRef
go back to reference Woodburne MO (1977) Definition and characterization in mammalian chronostratigraphy. J Paleont 51(2):220–234 Woodburne MO (1977) Definition and characterization in mammalian chronostratigraphy. J Paleont 51(2):220–234
go back to reference Woodburne MO (1987) Cenozoic mammals of North America. Geochronology and biostratigraphy. University of California Press, Berkeley, p 336 Woodburne MO (1987) Cenozoic mammals of North America. Geochronology and biostratigraphy. University of California Press, Berkeley, p 336
go back to reference Woodburne MO, Cione AL, Tonni EP (2006) Central American provincialism and the Great American Biotic Interchange. In: Carranza-Castañeda O, Lindsay EH (eds) Advances in Late Tertiary Vertebrate Paleontology in Mexico and the Great American Biotic Interchange, Publicación Especial del Instituto de Geología y Centro de Geociencias de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 4:73–101 Woodburne MO, Cione AL, Tonni EP (2006) Central American provincialism and the Great American Biotic Interchange. In: Carranza-Castañeda O, Lindsay EH (eds) Advances in Late Tertiary Vertebrate Paleontology in Mexico and the Great American Biotic Interchange, Publicación Especial del Instituto de Geología y Centro de Geociencias de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 4:73–101
Metadata
Title
Biostratigraphy and Biogeography
Authors
José Luis Prado
María Teresa Alberdi
Copyright Year
2017
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55877-6_5