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28-04-2022 | Original Research

Cellulose nanofibril/polypropylene composites prepared under elastic kneading conditions

Authors: Ken-ichi Niihara, Toru Noguchi, Takahiko Makise, Wataru Kashima, Morinobu Endo, Akira Isogai

Published in: Cellulose | Issue 9/2022

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Abstract

An aqueous dispersion of 2,2,6,6,-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TEMPO-CNFs) was mixed with diethylene glycol (DEG) and dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DTMACl) with or without silane coupling agents. The mixture was heated at 40 °C for 1 d to prepare an oven-dried TEMPO-CNF/DEG/DTMACl, which was added to maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene (MA-PP) and kneaded at 165‒175 °C with high shear forces to prepare TEMPO-CNF/MA-PP master batches. Various amounts of TEMPO-CNF/MA-PP master batch pieces were mixed with PP to prepare TEMPO-CNF/MA-PP/PP composite sheets. The yield stress and storage modulus at 25 °C of the composite sheets increased almost linearly with an increase in TEMPO-CNF content. However, the elongation at break decreased clearly with TEMPO-CNF content because of partial formation of TEMPO-CNF aggregates in the composites. The presence of TEMPO-CNFs restricted flow behavior of the MA-PP/PP components above 160 °C, although the crystallinities and melting behavior of MA-PP/PP in the composite sheets at ~ 160 °C were unchanged. The apparent aspect ratios of TEMPO-CNF components in the composite sheets were 5‒13 by partial aggregation of TEMPO-CNFs in the PP matrix, although the aspect ratio of the original TEMPO-CNFs dispersed in water was ~ 183. The aggregation behavior of TEMPO-CNFs in the PP matrix may have resulted in brittle tensile properties of the composite sheets. The TEMPO-CNF-containing PP sheets have better printability and adhesion performance between sheets using glues. These results indicate that the oven-dried TEMPO-CNFs can be used as fillers for improvement of mechanical, thermal, and printing properties of recycled and low-quality PP and for quantitative expansion of recycled PP.

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previous article Structures, molar mass distributions, and morphologies of TEMPO-oxidized bacterial cellulose fibrils

next article An interpenetrating-network-like structure in cellulose nanocrystal/polyurethane composites and the relative strengthening mechanism

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Title: Cellulose nanofibril/polypropylene composites prepared under elastic kneading conditions
Authors: Ken-ichi Niihara
Toru Noguchi
Takahiko Makise
Wataru Kashima
Morinobu Endo
Akira Isogai
Publication date: 28-04-2022
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Published in: Cellulose / Issue 9/2022
Print ISSN: 0969-0239
Electronic ISSN: 1572-882X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-022-04584-9

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