Skip to main content
Disciplines
Automotive Business IT + Informatics Construction + Real Estate Electrical Engineering + Electronics Energy + Sustainability Insurance + Risk Finance + Banking Management + Leadership Marketing + Sales Mechanical Engineering + Materials
Events
DE
EN
Books
Journals
Topic Page
Marketing
Start single access now
Access for companies
EXTENDED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Published in:
Manifestations of Nanomaterials in Development of Advanced Sensors for Defense Applications Read chapter Read first chapter

2020 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

9. Ceramic Composite Armour for Ballistic Protection

Authors : P. Rama Subba Reddy, S. Geasin Savio, Vemuri Madhu

Published in: Handbook of Advanced Ceramics and Composites

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Survivability of the combat system depends on three key parameters such as mobility, protection, and firepower. Armour materials are used to provide protection to the combat systems against various threats with a minimal weight penalty. Low Dense ceramics and polymer composite materials are explored by various researchers to design lightweight armours for personnel and vehicular armour applications. Ceramics such as high purity alumina, silicon carbide, and boron carbide are used in combination with some composite laminates. Advanced fiber-reinforced laminates such as glass, aramid, and high-modulus polyethylene are used as stand-alone as well as a backing to ceramic armours both in add-on and structural composite armour applications. The present chapter describes the various types of ceramic and composite laminates used to design lightweight armours, and their processing methods. It has also covered ballistic test standards, penetration mechanisms, and the way forward for future armour materials.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now
previous chapter Patent Trends in Additive Manufacturing of Ceramic Materials
next chapter Multilayered Ceramic-Composites for Armour Applications
Literature
1.
Weimer AW (ed) (1997) Carbide, nitride and boride materials synthesis and processing. Chapman & Hall, London
2.
Liu G, Xie Z, Wu Y (2010) Effectively inhibiting abnormal grain growth of alumina in ZTA with low-content fine-sized ZrO2 inclusions introduced by Infiltration and In Situ Precipitation. J Am Ceram Soc 93(12):4001–4004CrossRef
3.
Hannink RHJ, Kelly PM, Muddle BC (2000) Transformation toughening in zirconia-containing ceramics. J Am Ceram Soc 83(3):461–487CrossRef
4.
Somiya S, Inomata Y (eds) (1991) Silicon carbide ceramics 1- fundamental and solid reaction. Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd, London
5.
Biswas K (2009) Solid state sintering of SiC ceramics. Mater Sci Forum 624:71–89CrossRef
6.
Chen M, McCauley JW, Hemker KJ (2003) Shock induced localized amorphization in boron carbide. Science 299:1563–1566CrossRef
7.
Karandikar PG, Wong S, Evans G, Aghajanian MK (2010) Microstructural development and phase changes in reaction bonded boron carbide, Advances in ceramic armour VI. Ceramic Sci Eng Proc 31(5):251–259CrossRef
8.
Hayun S, Weizmann A, Dariel MP, Frage N (2010) Microstructural evolution during the infiltration of boron carbide with molten silicon. J Eur Ceram Soc 30:1007–1014CrossRef
9.
Mishra SK, Pathak LC (2009) Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) of advanced high-temperature ceramics. Key Eng Mater 395:15–38CrossRef
10.
Gu Y, Qian Y, Chen L, Zhou F (2003) A mild solvothermal route to nanocrystalline titanium diboride. J Alloy Comp 352:325–327CrossRef
11.
Janardhana Reddy J, Saivardan N, Bhanu Prasad VV. Indigenous development of Titanium diboride and other ceramics for armour applications. DMRL Technical report No. DRDO-DMRL-CCG-085-2015
12.
Boch P, Niepce J-C (2007) Ceramic materials processes, properties and applications. ISTE Ltd, London
13.
Rahaman MN (2007) Sintering of ceramics. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca RatonCrossRef
14.
15.
Fredrick TW, James CW, Hong L (2001) ASM hand book, vol 21, Chapter: Constituent of materials; Glass fibers, pp 27–34
16.
Reddy PRS, Rao VVVSS, Reddy CJR, Mogulanna K, Ramanjaneyulu K, Madhu V, Gogia AK. Studies on energy absorption of glass composite laminates subjected to ballistic impact of soft projectiles. DMRL Technical report No. DRDO-DMRL-038-2013
17.
Karl KC (2001) ASM hand Book: Chapter: Constituent of materials, Aramid fibers, 21, pp 41–45
18.
Bhat TB, Madhu V (2017) Composite armour materials and modules. DRDO, DESIDOC Publications, New Delhi
19.
Donald VR, Dominick VR (2004) Reinforced plastics hand book, 3rd ed, Elsevier advanced technologies, UK, p 56
20.
Cheeseman BA, Bogetti TA (2003) Ballistic impact into fabric and compliant composite laminates. Compos Struct 61:161–173CrossRef
21.
Rama Subba P, Reddy T, Sreekantha Reddy I, Srikanth V, Madhu KVR (2016) Effect of viscoelastic behaviour of glass laminate on energy absorption subjected to high velocity impact. Mater Des 98:272–279CrossRef
22.
Bhatnagar A (2016) Light weight ballistic composites: military and Law enforcement applications. 2nd ed, Woodhead publishing composite science and engineering, UK, pp 217–227
23.
Hauver GE, Rapacki EJ Jr, Netherwood PH, Benck RF (2005) Interface Defeat of Long-Rod Projectiles by Ceramic Armour, ARL-TR-3590
24.
Lundberg P, Renstrom R, Lundberg B (2000) Impact of metallic projectiles on ceramic targets: transition between interface defeat and penetration. Int J Impact Eng 24:259CrossRef
25.
Behner T, Heine A, Wickert M (2016) Dwell and penetration of tungsten heavy alloy long-rod penetrators impacting unconfined finite-thickness silicon carbide ceramic targets. Int J Impact Eng 95:54–60CrossRef
26.
Shockey DA, Marchand AH, Skaggs SR, Cort GE, Burkett MW, Parker R (1990) Failure phenomenology of confined ceramic targets and impacting rods. Int J Impact Eng 9(3):263–275CrossRef
27.
Shockey DA, Simons JW, Curran DR (2010) The damage mechanism route to better armour materials. Int J Appl Ceram Technol 7(5):566–573CrossRef
28.
Sherman D, Brandon DG (1997) The ballistic failure mechanisms and sequence in semi-infinite supported alumina tiles. J Mater Res 12(5):1335CrossRef
29.
McGinn JT, Klopp RW, Shockey DA (1995) Deformation and comminution of shock loaded α-Al2O3 in the Mescall Zone of Ceramic Armour. In: Grant NJ, Armstrong RW, Ottooni MA, Baker TN, Ishizaki K (eds) Material research society symposium proceedings, vol 362. Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, pp 61–66
30.
Weinong W, Chen AMR, Song B, Nie X (2007) Dynamic fracture of ceramics in armour applications. J Am Ceram Soc 90(4):1005–1018CrossRef
31.
LaSalvia JC, McCauley JW (2010) Inelastic deformation mechanisms and damage in structural ceramics subjected to high-velocity impact. Int J Appl Ceram Technol 7(5):595–605CrossRef
32.
James B. Direct evidence for ceramic comminution ahead of a penetrator, 17th international symposium on ballistics, Midrand, South Africa, 23–27 March 1998
33.
LaSalvia JC, Horwath EJ, Rapacki EJ, Shih CJ, Meyers MA (2001) Microstructural and micromechanical aspects of ceramic/long-rod projectile interactions: dwell/penetration transitions. In: Staudhammer KP, Murr LE, Meyers MA (eds) Fundamental issues and applications of shock-wave and high-strain-rate phenomena. Elsevier Science, Oxford, UK, pp 437–446
34.
Lankford J (2004) The role of dynamic material properties in the performance of ceramic armour. Int J Appl Ceram Technol 1(3):205–210CrossRef
35.
Stepp D (2001) Damage mitigation in ceramics: historical developments and future direction in army research. In: McCauley JM, Rajendran AM, Gooch WA Jr, Bless SJ, Wax S, Crowson A, Logan KV, Normandia M (eds) Ceramic transactions, vol 134, Ceramic armour materials by design. American Ceramic Society, Westerville, pp 421–439
36.
Rama Subba P, Reddy T, Sreekantha Reddy V, Madhu AK, Gogia KVR (2015) Behaviour of E-glass composite laminates under ballistic impact. Mater Des 84:79–86CrossRef
37.
Karthikeyan K, Russell BP, Fleck NA, Wadley HNG, Deshpande VS (2013) The effect of shear strength on the ballistic response of laminated composite plates subjected to steel projectiles. Eur J Mech A/Solids 42:35–53CrossRef
38.
Barcikowski M (2013) Effect of resin modification on the impact strength of glass- polyester composites. Polimery 56:nr6
39.
Normandia MJ, Gooch WA (2002) An overview of ballistic testing methods of ceramic materials, ceramic armour materials by design. Ceram Trans 134:113–138
40.
EN1522/23, Windows, doors, shutters and blinds – Bullet resistance – Test method
41.
GOST R 50963, Armour protection of special cars. General technical requirements, 1 Jan 2009
42.
NATO AEP-55 STANAG 4569 – Protection levels for Occupants of Logistic and Light Armoured Vehicles
43.
Bless SJ, Rosenberg Z, Yoon B (1987) Hypervelocity penetration of ceramics. Int J Impact Eng 5:165–171CrossRef
44.
Rosenberg Z, Bless SJ, Yeshurn Y, Okajima K (1988) A new definition of ballistic efficiency of brittle materials based on the use of thick backing plates. Impact Loading Dyn Behav Mater 1:491–498
45.
James B (2002) Depth of penetration testing, ceramic armour materials by design. Ceram Trans 134:165–172
46.
Savio SG, Madhu V (2017) Effect of tile thickness and projectile velocity on the ballistic performance of boron carbide against 12.7mm AP. Procedia Eng 173:286–292CrossRef
47.
Savio SG, Madhu V (2018) Ballistic performance evaluation of ceramic tiles with respect to projectile velocity against hard steel projectile using DOP test. Int J Impact Eng 113:161–167CrossRef
48.
Normandia MJ (2004) Impact response and analysis of several silicon carbides. Int J Appl Ceram Technol 1(3):226–234CrossRef
49.
Orphal DL, Franzen RR, Charters AC, Menna TL, Piekutowski AJ (1997) Penetration of confined Boron carbide targets by tungsten long rods at impact velocities form 1.5 to 5km/s. Int J Impact Eng 19(1):15–29CrossRef
50.
Subramanian R, Bless SJ (1995) Penetration of semi-infinite AD995 alumina targets by tungsten long rod penetrators from 1.5 to 3.5 km/s. Int J Impact Eng 17:807–816CrossRef
51.
Orphal DL, Franzen RR, Piekutowski AJ, Forrestal MJ (1996) Penetration of confined aluminum nitride targets by tungsten long rods at 1.5–4.5 km/s. Int J Impact Eng 18(4):355–368CrossRef
52.
Orphal DL, Franzen RR (1997) Penetration of confined silicon carbide targets by tungsten long rods at impact velocities from 1.5 to 4.6 km/s. Int J Impact Eng 19(1):1–13CrossRef
53.
Orphal DL, Franzen RR, Charters AC, Menna TL, Piekutowski AJ (1997) Penetration of confined boron carbide targets by tungsten long rods at impact velocities from 1.5 to 5.0 km/s. Int J Impact Eng 19:15CrossRef
54.
Anderson CE Jr, Behner T, Holmquist TJ, Orphal DL (2011) Penetration response of silicon carbide as a function of impact velocity. Int J Impact Eng 38:892–899CrossRef
55.
Orphal DL (2002) Long rod penetration of ceramics, Ceramic armour materials by design. Ceram Trans 134:151–164
56.
Orphal DL, Anderson CE Jr (2006) The dependence of penetration velocity on impact velocity. Int J Impact Eng 33:546–554CrossRef
57.
Behner T, Orphal DL, Hohler V, Anderson CE Jr, Mason RL, Templeton DW (2006) Hypervelocity penetration of gold rods into SiC-N for impact velocities from 2.0 to 6.2 km/s. Int J Impact Eng 33:68CrossRef
58.
Crouch IG, Eu B (2016) Ballistic testing methodologies. In: Crouch IG (ed) The science of armour materials. Elsevier, San Diego
59.
Zukas JA (1982) Penetration and perforation. In: Zukas JA, Nicholas T, Swift HF, Greszczuk LB, Curran DR (eds) Impact dynamics. Wiley, New York
60.
V50 Ballistic test for armour, MIL-STD-662F, 1997
61.
MIL-DTL-32398, Detail specification: Laminate: cross-plied ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) unidirectionally reinforced plastic armour (09-jun-2013)
62.
MIL-DTL-62474E, Detail specification: Laminate: aramid-fabric-reinforced, plastic (12 Jul 2007)
63.
MIL-DTL-64154B (W/Amendment-1), Detail Specification: Laminate: Fiberglass-Fabric-Reinforced, Phenolic (19-Jan-2012)
64.
Adams MA (2002) Theory and experimental test methods for evaluating ceramic armour components, ceramic armour materials by design. Ceram Trans 134:139–150
65.
Savio SG, Madhu V (2018) Methodology to measure the protective areal density of ceramic tiles against projectile impact. Def Sci J 68(1):76–82CrossRef
66.
Ballistic Resistance of Body Armour, NIJ Standards – 0101.06, U.S. Department of Justice, July 2008
Metadata
Title
Ceramic Composite Armour for Ballistic Protection
Authors
P. Rama Subba Reddy
S. Geasin Savio
Vemuri Madhu
Copyright Year
2020
Book
Handbook of Advanced Ceramics and Composites

Print ISBN: 978-3-030-16346-4

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-16347-1

Copyright Year: 2020

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16347-1_10

Premium Partners

    Image Credits