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2021 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

2. Characterization of International Parliamentary Bodies

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Abstract

International parliamentary institutions can be divided by the following characteristics.

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Footnotes
1
It should be noted that a sub-region is a part a large region, for instance Northern Europe is a sub-region of Europe.
 
2
Arndt (2013).
 
3
Marschall (2007), p. 4.
 
4
Statute of the Council of Europe, Preamble.
 
5
Statute of CIS, Minsk, 22 January 1993.
 
6
Arndt (2013).
 
7
Walter (1997), p. 988.
 
8
Cameron (2009).
 
9
Statute of the Council of Europe, European Treaty Series - No. 1, London, 5 May 1949.
 
11
According to Schermers and Blokker (2011) the Nordic Council can be considered “partly a parliamentary organization,” because it consists of members that were elected by and from national parliaments and from representatives of the governments.
 
12
Article 35 of the Helsinki Treaty No 6262. (Agreement between Finland, Denmark, Iceland, Norway and Sweden Concerning Co-operation).
 
13
Schermers and Blokker (2011), p. 414.
 
14
Schermers and Blokker (2011).
 
15
‘Parent organization’ means here an IGO, in frameworks of which an international parliamentary assembly operates.
 
16
France’s withdrawal from NATO’s military structure occurred in 1966, thus the NATO moved the headquarters from Paris to Brussels. In 1968, the Assembly headquarters moved to Brussels.
 
17
Hobbs (2005), pp. 31–43.
 
18
Marauhn (2016).
 
19
Harpaz (2009).
 
20
The European Economic Area (EEA) Agreement was signed on 2 May 1992 (entered into force on 1 January 1994). The EFTA-EEA States are closely involved in monitoring the EEA Agreement. Article 95 of the agreement establishes an EEA Joint Parliamentary Committee (EEA JPC). Switzerland is the fourth Member of the EFTA that has observer status in the EEA JPC. Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway are full Members of this Committee.
 
21
Arndt (2013).
 
22
Ruffert and Walter (2015), p. 143.
 
23
Shaw (2017), p. 192.
 
24
See Case 26/62 Van Gend & Loos v Netherlands Internal Revenue Administration; Case 6/64 Costa v ENEL.
 
25
P. L. Lindseth called the European Treaties “enabling legislation.” He concluded that the Treaties were signed under international public law thus the European government is “an international phenomenon.” However, concurrently, the Treaties are a “mechanism to delegate regulatory power akin to a loi-cadre on the national level.” See Lindseth (2016), p. 162.
 
26
Klabbers (2015b), “Straddling the Fence: The EU and International Law”, p. 62.
 
27
Schermers and Blokker (2011).
 
28
Capotorti (2000), pp. 738–739.
 
29
Schermers and Blokker (2011), pp. 56–57.
 
30
Article 12 of the Treaty of Rome (EEC Treaty) was replaced by Article 30 TFEU.
 
31
Judgment of the Court of 5 February 1963.—NV Algemene Transport—en Expeditie Onderneming van Gend & Loos v Netherlands Inland Revenue Administration. Case 26-62.
 
32
Judgment of the Court of 15 July 1964.—Flaminio Costa v E.N.E.L Case 6/64.
 
33
Menon and Weatherill (2007), p. 7.
 
34
Lindseth (2016), p. 152.
 
35
For example: Ruffert and Walter (2015); Schermers and Blokker (2011); Lindemann (1997), pp. 892–898.
 
36
Cofelice and Stavridis (2014), pp. 145–178.
 
37
Arndt (2013).
 
38
The deep analysis of the connections and differences between nationality and citizenship was made by Closa (1995), pp. 487–518.
 
39
Opinion of Advocate General Poiares Maduro delivered on 30 September 2009. Case C-135/08 Janko Rottman v Freistaat Bayern, European Court Reports 2010 I-01449, para. 23.
 
40
Schermers and Blokker (2011), pp. 415–416.
 
Literature
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go back to reference Closa C (1995) Citizenship of the Union and nationality of the member states. Common Market Law Rev 32:487 ff, Kluwer Academic Publishers Closa C (1995) Citizenship of the Union and nationality of the member states. Common Market Law Rev 32:487 ff, Kluwer Academic Publishers
go back to reference Cofelice A, Stavridis S (2014) The European Parliament as an International Parliamentary Institution (IPI). Eur Foreign Aff Rev 19(2):145 ff, Kluwer Law International Cofelice A, Stavridis S (2014) The European Parliament as an International Parliamentary Institution (IPI). Eur Foreign Aff Rev 19(2):145 ff, Kluwer Law International
go back to reference Hobbs D (2005) The assembly from 1955 to 1989. In: NATO Parliamentary Assembly 1955–2005: 50 years of parliamentary diplomacy. NATO Parliamentary Assembly, Brussels, p 31 ff Hobbs D (2005) The assembly from 1955 to 1989. In: NATO Parliamentary Assembly 1955–2005: 50 years of parliamentary diplomacy. NATO Parliamentary Assembly, Brussels, p 31 ff
go back to reference Klabbers J (2015b) Straddling the fence: the EU and international law. In: Arnull A, Chalmers D (eds) The Oxford handbook of European Union Law. Oxford University Press, Oxford, p 52 ff Klabbers J (2015b) Straddling the fence: the EU and international law. In: Arnull A, Chalmers D (eds) The Oxford handbook of European Union Law. Oxford University Press, Oxford, p 52 ff
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go back to reference Lindseth PL (2016) Supranational organizations. In: Cogan JK, Hurd I, Johnstone I (eds) The Oxford handbook of the International Organizations. Oxford University Press, Oxford, p 152 ff Lindseth PL (2016) Supranational organizations. In: Cogan JK, Hurd I, Johnstone I (eds) The Oxford handbook of the International Organizations. Oxford University Press, Oxford, p 152 ff
go back to reference Marschall S (2007) European parliaments in transnational organisations: Parliamentary Cooperation beyond the European Union. Conference “Fifty Years of Interparliamentary Cooperation”, 2007, Berlin, p 4 ff Marschall S (2007) European parliaments in transnational organisations: Parliamentary Cooperation beyond the European Union. Conference “Fifty Years of Interparliamentary Cooperation”, 2007, Berlin, p 4 ff
go back to reference Ruffert M, Walter C (2015) Institutionalised international law. C.H. Beck/Hart/Nomos, MunichCrossRef Ruffert M, Walter C (2015) Institutionalised international law. C.H. Beck/Hart/Nomos, MunichCrossRef
go back to reference Schermers HG, Blokker NM (2011) International institutional law: unity within diversity. Brill, Nijhoff, LeidenCrossRef Schermers HG, Blokker NM (2011) International institutional law: unity within diversity. Brill, Nijhoff, LeidenCrossRef
go back to reference Walter C (1997) Addendum 1996, parliamentary assemblies, international. In: Encyclopedia of public international law 3. Elsevier, Amsterdam, p 988 ff Walter C (1997) Addendum 1996, parliamentary assemblies, international. In: Encyclopedia of public international law 3. Elsevier, Amsterdam, p 988 ff
Metadata
Title
Characterization of International Parliamentary Bodies
Author
Aleksandra Chiniaeva
Copyright Year
2021
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71341-6_2