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2022 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

3. Characterization

Authors : Miaoying Chen, Dongping Xue, Bang-An Lu

Published in: Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Energy Conversion and Storage

Publisher: Springer Nature Singapore

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Abstract

The characterization approach is one of the most challenging aspects of researching carbon-based nanomaterials, particularly carbon-based catalysts with defects and atomically dispersion. It's difficult to precisely identify the active sites of catalysts using early characterization approaches, which makes disclosing the catalytic mechanism and constructing high-efficiency catalysts challenging. High-efficiency carbon-based catalysts have improved in recent years, thanks to extensive use of current characterization techniques (e.g., ex-situ, in-situ, and operando) and simulation calculation approaches (e.g., first-principles and molecular dynamics simulation calculations). This chapter emphasizes the characterization methodologies that reveal the true active sites, catalytic processes, and structure–activity relationships of carbon-based nanomaterials from three perspectives: direct visualization, indirect validation, and simulation calculations.

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Title: Characterization
Authors: Miaoying Chen
Dongping Xue
Bang-An Lu
Publisher: Springer Nature Singapore
Book: Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Energy Conversion and Storage
Print ISBN: 978-981-19-4624-0

Electronic ISBN: 978-981-19-4625-7

Copyright Year: 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4625-7_3