Skip to main content
Top

2017 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

Charge Carrier Generation, Recombination, and Extraction in Polymer–Fullerene Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells

Authors : Frédéric Laquai, Denis Andrienko, Carsten Deibel, Dieter Neher

Published in: Elementary Processes in Organic Photovoltaics

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

In this chapter we review the basic principles of photocurrent generation in bulk heterojunction organic solar cells, discuss the loss channels limiting their efficiency, and present case studies of several polymer–fullerene blends. Using steady-state and transient, optical, and electrooptical techniques, we create a precise picture of the fundamental processes that ultimately govern solar cell efficiency.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
1.
go back to reference Liu Y, Zhao J, Li Z, Mu C, Ma W, Hu H, Jiang K, Lin H, Ade H, Yan H (2014) Nat Commun 5:5293CrossRef Liu Y, Zhao J, Li Z, Mu C, Ma W, Hu H, Jiang K, Lin H, Ade H, Yan H (2014) Nat Commun 5:5293CrossRef
3.
go back to reference Bakulin A, Rao A, Pavelyev V, van Loosdrecht P, Pshenichnikov M, Niedzialek D, Cornil J, Beljonne D, Friend RH (2012) Science 335:1340CrossRef Bakulin A, Rao A, Pavelyev V, van Loosdrecht P, Pshenichnikov M, Niedzialek D, Cornil J, Beljonne D, Friend RH (2012) Science 335:1340CrossRef
4.
go back to reference Grancini G, Maiuri M, Fazzi D, Petrozza A, Egelhaaf H-J, Brida D, Cerullo G, Lanzani G (2013) Nat Mater 12:29CrossRef Grancini G, Maiuri M, Fazzi D, Petrozza A, Egelhaaf H-J, Brida D, Cerullo G, Lanzani G (2013) Nat Mater 12:29CrossRef
5.
go back to reference Gagorik AG, Mohin JW, Kowalewski T, Hutchison GR (2015) Adv Funct Mater 25:1996CrossRef Gagorik AG, Mohin JW, Kowalewski T, Hutchison GR (2015) Adv Funct Mater 25:1996CrossRef
7.
go back to reference Monahan NR, Williams KW, Kumar B, Nuckolls C, Zhu X-Y (2015) Phys Rev Lett 114:247003CrossRef Monahan NR, Williams KW, Kumar B, Nuckolls C, Zhu X-Y (2015) Phys Rev Lett 114:247003CrossRef
8.
go back to reference Poelking C, Tietze M, Elschner C, Olthof S, Hertel D, Baumeier B, Würthner F, Meerholz K, Leo K, Andrienko D (2015) Nat Mater 14:434CrossRef Poelking C, Tietze M, Elschner C, Olthof S, Hertel D, Baumeier B, Würthner F, Meerholz K, Leo K, Andrienko D (2015) Nat Mater 14:434CrossRef
10.
go back to reference Scharber MC, Koppe M, Gao J, Cordella F, Loi MA, Denk P, Morana M, Egelhaaf H-J, Forberich K, Dennler G, Gaudiana R, Waller D, Zhu Z, Shi X, Brabec CJ (2010) Adv Mater 22:367CrossRef Scharber MC, Koppe M, Gao J, Cordella F, Loi MA, Denk P, Morana M, Egelhaaf H-J, Forberich K, Dennler G, Gaudiana R, Waller D, Zhu Z, Shi X, Brabec CJ (2010) Adv Mater 22:367CrossRef
11.
go back to reference Vandewal K, Ma Z, Bergqvist J, Tang Z, Wang E, Henriksson P, Tvingstedt K, Andersson MR, Zhang F, Inganäs O (2012) Adv Funct Mater 22:3480CrossRef Vandewal K, Ma Z, Bergqvist J, Tang Z, Wang E, Henriksson P, Tvingstedt K, Andersson MR, Zhang F, Inganäs O (2012) Adv Funct Mater 22:3480CrossRef
12.
go back to reference Bartelt JA, Lam D, Burke TM, Sweetnam SM, McGehee MD (2015) Adv Energy Mater 5:1500577 Bartelt JA, Lam D, Burke TM, Sweetnam SM, McGehee MD (2015) Adv Energy Mater 5:1500577
13.
go back to reference Zhao J, Li Y, Lin H, Liu Y, Jiang K, Mu C, Ma T, Lin Lai JY, Hu H, Yu D, Yan H (2015) Energy Environ Sci 8:520CrossRef Zhao J, Li Y, Lin H, Liu Y, Jiang K, Mu C, Ma T, Lin Lai JY, Hu H, Yu D, Yan H (2015) Energy Environ Sci 8:520CrossRef
14.
go back to reference Mikhnenko OV, Azimi H, Scharber M, Morana M, Blom PWM, Loi MA (2012) Energy Environ Sci 5:6960CrossRef Mikhnenko OV, Azimi H, Scharber M, Morana M, Blom PWM, Loi MA (2012) Energy Environ Sci 5:6960CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Foertig A, Kniepert J, Gluecker M, Brenner T, Dyakonov V, Neher D, Deibel C (2014) Adv Funct Mater 24:1306CrossRef Foertig A, Kniepert J, Gluecker M, Brenner T, Dyakonov V, Neher D, Deibel C (2014) Adv Funct Mater 24:1306CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Kirchartz T, Pieters BE, Kirkpatrick J, Rau U, Nelson J (2011) Phys Rev B 83:115209CrossRef Kirchartz T, Pieters BE, Kirkpatrick J, Rau U, Nelson J (2011) Phys Rev B 83:115209CrossRef
18.
go back to reference Bartesaghi D, Pérez IDC, Kniepert J, Roland S, Turbiez M, Neher D, Koster LJA (2015) Nat Commun 6:7083CrossRef Bartesaghi D, Pérez IDC, Kniepert J, Roland S, Turbiez M, Neher D, Koster LJA (2015) Nat Commun 6:7083CrossRef
19.
20.
21.
go back to reference Wagenpfahl A, Rauh D, Binder M, Deibel C, Dyakonov V (2010) Phys Rev B 82:115306CrossRef Wagenpfahl A, Rauh D, Binder M, Deibel C, Dyakonov V (2010) Phys Rev B 82:115306CrossRef
24.
go back to reference Vandewal K, Tvingstedt K, Gadisa A, Inganäs O, Manca JV (2009) Nat Mater 8:904CrossRef Vandewal K, Tvingstedt K, Gadisa A, Inganäs O, Manca JV (2009) Nat Mater 8:904CrossRef
25.
go back to reference Burke TM, Sweetnam S, Vandewal K, McGehee MD (2015) Adv Energy Mater 5 Burke TM, Sweetnam S, Vandewal K, McGehee MD (2015) Adv Energy Mater 5
27.
go back to reference Shoaee S, Subramaniyan S, Xin H, Keiderling C, Tuladhar PS, Jamieson F, Jenekhe SA, Durrant JR (2013) Adv Funct Mater 23:3286CrossRef Shoaee S, Subramaniyan S, Xin H, Keiderling C, Tuladhar PS, Jamieson F, Jenekhe SA, Durrant JR (2013) Adv Funct Mater 23:3286CrossRef
29.
go back to reference Scharber MC, Lungenschmied C, Egelhaaf H-J, Matt G, Bednorz M, Fromherz T, Gao J, Jarzab D, Loi MA (2011) Energy Environ Sci 4:5077CrossRef Scharber MC, Lungenschmied C, Egelhaaf H-J, Matt G, Bednorz M, Fromherz T, Gao J, Jarzab D, Loi MA (2011) Energy Environ Sci 4:5077CrossRef
30.
go back to reference Tvingstedt K, Vandewal K, Zhang F, Inganäs O (2010) J Phys Chem C 114:21824CrossRef Tvingstedt K, Vandewal K, Zhang F, Inganäs O (2010) J Phys Chem C 114:21824CrossRef
31.
32.
go back to reference Kern J, Schwab S, Deibel C, Dyakonov V (2011) Phys Status Solidi—Rapid Res Lett 5:364 Kern J, Schwab S, Deibel C, Dyakonov V (2011) Phys Status Solidi—Rapid Res Lett 5:364
33.
go back to reference Vandewal K, Albrecht S, Hoke ET, Graham KR, Widmer J, Douglas JD, Schubert M, Mateker WR, Bloking JT, Burkhard GF, Sellinger A, Fréchet JMJ, Amassian A, Riede MK, McGehee MD, Neher D, Salleo A (2014) Nat Mater 13:63CrossRef Vandewal K, Albrecht S, Hoke ET, Graham KR, Widmer J, Douglas JD, Schubert M, Mateker WR, Bloking JT, Burkhard GF, Sellinger A, Fréchet JMJ, Amassian A, Riede MK, McGehee MD, Neher D, Salleo A (2014) Nat Mater 13:63CrossRef
34.
go back to reference Hodgkiss JM, Campbell AR, Marsh RA, Rao A, Albert-Seifried S, Friend RH (2010) Phys Rev Lett 104:177701CrossRef Hodgkiss JM, Campbell AR, Marsh RA, Rao A, Albert-Seifried S, Friend RH (2010) Phys Rev Lett 104:177701CrossRef
35.
37.
38.
go back to reference Pivrikas A, Sariciftci NS, Juška G, Österbacka R (2007) Prog Photovolt Res Appl 15:677CrossRef Pivrikas A, Sariciftci NS, Juška G, Österbacka R (2007) Prog Photovolt Res Appl 15:677CrossRef
39.
go back to reference Mingebach M, Walter S, Dyakonov V, Deibel C (2012) Appl Phys Lett 100:193302CrossRef Mingebach M, Walter S, Dyakonov V, Deibel C (2012) Appl Phys Lett 100:193302CrossRef
40.
go back to reference Koster LJA, Mihailetchi VD, Ramaker R, Blom PWM (2005) Appl Phys Lett 86:123509CrossRef Koster LJA, Mihailetchi VD, Ramaker R, Blom PWM (2005) Appl Phys Lett 86:123509CrossRef
42.
43.
go back to reference Heiber MC, Baumbach C, Dyakonov V, Deibel C (2015) Phys Rev Lett 114:136602CrossRef Heiber MC, Baumbach C, Dyakonov V, Deibel C (2015) Phys Rev Lett 114:136602CrossRef
44.
go back to reference Shuttle CG, O’Regan B, Ballantyne AM, Nelson J, Bradley DDC, de Mello J, Durrant JR (2008) Appl Phys Lett 92:093311CrossRef Shuttle CG, O’Regan B, Ballantyne AM, Nelson J, Bradley DDC, de Mello J, Durrant JR (2008) Appl Phys Lett 92:093311CrossRef
45.
go back to reference Foertig A, Baumann A, Rauh D, Dyakonov V, Deibel C (2009) Appl Phys Lett 95:052104CrossRef Foertig A, Baumann A, Rauh D, Dyakonov V, Deibel C (2009) Appl Phys Lett 95:052104CrossRef
46.
go back to reference Gorenflot J, Heiber MC, Baumann A, Lorrmann J, Gunz M, Kämpgen A, Dyakonov V, Deibel C (2014) J Appl Phys 115:144502CrossRef Gorenflot J, Heiber MC, Baumann A, Lorrmann J, Gunz M, Kämpgen A, Dyakonov V, Deibel C (2014) J Appl Phys 115:144502CrossRef
47.
go back to reference Montanari I, Nogueira AF, Nelson J, Durrant JR, Winder C, Loi MA, Sariciftci NS, Brabec C (2002) Appl Phys Lett 81:3001CrossRef Montanari I, Nogueira AF, Nelson J, Durrant JR, Winder C, Loi MA, Sariciftci NS, Brabec C (2002) Appl Phys Lett 81:3001CrossRef
50.
go back to reference Deledalle F, Kirchartz T, Vezie MS, Campoy-Quiles M, Shakya Tuladhar P, Nelson J, Durrant JR (2015) Phys Rev X 5:011032 Deledalle F, Kirchartz T, Vezie MS, Campoy-Quiles M, Shakya Tuladhar P, Nelson J, Durrant JR (2015) Phys Rev X 5:011032
51.
go back to reference Baranovski S (2006) Charge transport in disordered solids with applications in electronics, 1 edn. Wiley, 498 p. ISBN: 978-0-470-09504-1 Baranovski S (2006) Charge transport in disordered solids with applications in electronics, 1 edn. Wiley, 498 p. ISBN: 978-0-470-09504-1
52.
53.
go back to reference Liang Y, Xu Z, Xia J, Tsai S-T, Wu Y, Li G, Ray C, Yu L (2010) Adv Mater 22, E135CrossRef Liang Y, Xu Z, Xia J, Tsai S-T, Wu Y, Li G, Ray C, Yu L (2010) Adv Mater 22, E135CrossRef
54.
go back to reference Chen W, Xu T, He F, Wang W, Wang C, Strzalka J, Liu Y, Wen J, Miller DJ, Chen J, Hong K, Yu L, Darling SB (2011) Nano Lett 11:3707CrossRef Chen W, Xu T, He F, Wang W, Wang C, Strzalka J, Liu Y, Wen J, Miller DJ, Chen J, Hong K, Yu L, Darling SB (2011) Nano Lett 11:3707CrossRef
55.
56.
go back to reference Lou SJ, Szarko JM, Xu T, Yu L, Marks TJ, Chen LX (2011) J Am Chem Soc 133:20661CrossRef Lou SJ, Szarko JM, Xu T, Yu L, Marks TJ, Chen LX (2011) J Am Chem Soc 133:20661CrossRef
57.
go back to reference Mort J, Chen I, Troup A, Morgan M, Knights J, Lujan R (1980) Phys Rev Lett 45:1348CrossRef Mort J, Chen I, Troup A, Morgan M, Knights J, Lujan R (1980) Phys Rev Lett 45:1348CrossRef
58.
go back to reference Kniepert J, Schubert M, Blakesley JC, Neher D (2011) J Phys Chem Lett 2:700CrossRef Kniepert J, Schubert M, Blakesley JC, Neher D (2011) J Phys Chem Lett 2:700CrossRef
59.
go back to reference Foster S, Deledalle F, Mitani A, Kimura T, Kim K-B, Okachi T, Kirchartz T, Oguma J, Miyake K, Durrant JR, Doi S, Nelson J (2014) Adv Energy Mater 4:1400311 Foster S, Deledalle F, Mitani A, Kimura T, Kim K-B, Okachi T, Kirchartz T, Oguma J, Miyake K, Durrant JR, Doi S, Nelson J (2014) Adv Energy Mater 4:1400311
60.
go back to reference Lange I, Kniepert J, Pingel P, Dumsch I, Allard S, Janietz S, Scherf U, Neher D (2013) J Phys Chem Lett 4:3865CrossRef Lange I, Kniepert J, Pingel P, Dumsch I, Allard S, Janietz S, Scherf U, Neher D (2013) J Phys Chem Lett 4:3865CrossRef
61.
go back to reference Kniepert J, Lange I, Heidbrink J, Kurpiers J, Brenner TJK, Koster LJA, Neher D (2015) J Phys Chem C 119:8310CrossRef Kniepert J, Lange I, Heidbrink J, Kurpiers J, Brenner TJK, Koster LJA, Neher D (2015) J Phys Chem C 119:8310CrossRef
62.
go back to reference Hedley GJ, Ward AJ, Alekseev A, Howells CT, Martins ER, Serrano LA, Cooke G, Ruseckas A, Samuel IDW (2013) Nat Commun 4:2867CrossRef Hedley GJ, Ward AJ, Alekseev A, Howells CT, Martins ER, Serrano LA, Cooke G, Ruseckas A, Samuel IDW (2013) Nat Commun 4:2867CrossRef
63.
go back to reference Kniepert J, Lange I, van der Kaap NJ, Koster LJA, Neher D (2014) Adv Energy Mater 4:1301401 Kniepert J, Lange I, van der Kaap NJ, Koster LJA, Neher D (2014) Adv Energy Mater 4:1301401
64.
go back to reference Peet J, Kim JY, Coates NE, Ma WL, Moses D, Heeger AJ, Bazan GC (2007) Nat Mater 6:497CrossRef Peet J, Kim JY, Coates NE, Ma WL, Moses D, Heeger AJ, Bazan GC (2007) Nat Mater 6:497CrossRef
66.
go back to reference Jamieson FC, Agostinelli T, Azimi H, Nelson J, Durrant JR (2010) J Phys Chem Lett 1:3306CrossRef Jamieson FC, Agostinelli T, Azimi H, Nelson J, Durrant JR (2010) J Phys Chem Lett 1:3306CrossRef
67.
go back to reference Albrecht S, Schindler W, Kurpiers J, Kniepert J, Blakesley JC, Dumsch I, Allard S, Fostiropoulos K, Scherf U, Neher D (2012) J Phys Chem Lett 3:640CrossRef Albrecht S, Schindler W, Kurpiers J, Kniepert J, Blakesley JC, Dumsch I, Allard S, Fostiropoulos K, Scherf U, Neher D (2012) J Phys Chem Lett 3:640CrossRef
68.
go back to reference Albrecht S, Vandewal K, Tumbleston JR, Fischer FSU, Douglas JD, Fréchet JMJ, Ludwigs S, Ade H, Salleo A, Neher D (2014) Adv Mater 26:2533CrossRef Albrecht S, Vandewal K, Tumbleston JR, Fischer FSU, Douglas JD, Fréchet JMJ, Ludwigs S, Ade H, Salleo A, Neher D (2014) Adv Mater 26:2533CrossRef
69.
go back to reference Albrecht S, Janietz S, Schindler W, Frisch J, Kurpiers J, Kniepert J, Inal S, Pingel P, Fostiropoulos K, Koch N, Neher D (2012) J Am Chem Soc 134:14932CrossRef Albrecht S, Janietz S, Schindler W, Frisch J, Kurpiers J, Kniepert J, Inal S, Pingel P, Fostiropoulos K, Koch N, Neher D (2012) J Am Chem Soc 134:14932CrossRef
70.
go back to reference Albrecht S, Tumbleston JR, Janietz S, Dumsch I, Allard S, Scherf U, Ade H, Neher D (2014) J Phys Chem Lett 5:1131CrossRef Albrecht S, Tumbleston JR, Janietz S, Dumsch I, Allard S, Scherf U, Ade H, Neher D (2014) J Phys Chem Lett 5:1131CrossRef
71.
go back to reference Moet DJD, Lenes M, Morana M, Azimi H, Brabec CJ, Blom PWM (2010) Appl Phys Lett 96:213506CrossRef Moet DJD, Lenes M, Morana M, Azimi H, Brabec CJ, Blom PWM (2010) Appl Phys Lett 96:213506CrossRef
72.
go back to reference Jarzab D, Cordella F, Gao J, Scharber M, Egelhaaf H-J, Loi MA (2011) Adv Energy Mater 1:604CrossRef Jarzab D, Cordella F, Gao J, Scharber M, Egelhaaf H-J, Loi MA (2011) Adv Energy Mater 1:604CrossRef
73.
go back to reference Hwang I-W, Cho S, Kim JY, Lee K, Coates NE, Moses D, Heeger AJ (2008) J Appl Phys 104:033706CrossRef Hwang I-W, Cho S, Kim JY, Lee K, Coates NE, Moses D, Heeger AJ (2008) J Appl Phys 104:033706CrossRef
74.
go back to reference Rao A, Chow PCY, Gélinas S, Schlenker CW, Li C-Z, Yip H-L, Jen AK-Y, Ginger DS, Friend RH (2013) Nature 500:435CrossRef Rao A, Chow PCY, Gélinas S, Schlenker CW, Li C-Z, Yip H-L, Jen AK-Y, Ginger DS, Friend RH (2013) Nature 500:435CrossRef
75.
76.
go back to reference Etzold F, Howard IA, Forler N, Cho DM, Meister M, Mangold H, Shu J, Hansen MR, Müllen K, Laquai F (2012) J Am Chem Soc 134:10569CrossRef Etzold F, Howard IA, Forler N, Cho DM, Meister M, Mangold H, Shu J, Hansen MR, Müllen K, Laquai F (2012) J Am Chem Soc 134:10569CrossRef
77.
go back to reference Etzold F, Howard IA, Forler N, Melnyk A, Andrienko D, Hansen MR, Laquai F (2015) Energy Environ Sci 8:1511CrossRef Etzold F, Howard IA, Forler N, Melnyk A, Andrienko D, Hansen MR, Laquai F (2015) Energy Environ Sci 8:1511CrossRef
78.
go back to reference Miller NC, Gysel R, Miller CE, Verploegen E, Beiley Z, Heeney M, McCulloch I, Bao Z, Toney MF, McGehee MD (2011) J Polym Sci Part B Polym Phys 49:499CrossRef Miller NC, Gysel R, Miller CE, Verploegen E, Beiley Z, Heeney M, McCulloch I, Bao Z, Toney MF, McGehee MD (2011) J Polym Sci Part B Polym Phys 49:499CrossRef
79.
go back to reference Miller NC, Cho E, Junk MJN, Gysel R, Risko C, Kim D, Sweetnam S, Miller CE, Richter LJ, Kline RJ, Heeney M, McCulloch I, Amassian A, Acevedo-Feliz D, Knox C, Hansen MR, Dudenko D, Chmelka BF, Toney MF, Brédas J-L, McGehee MD (2012) Adv Mater 24:6071CrossRef Miller NC, Cho E, Junk MJN, Gysel R, Risko C, Kim D, Sweetnam S, Miller CE, Richter LJ, Kline RJ, Heeney M, McCulloch I, Amassian A, Acevedo-Feliz D, Knox C, Hansen MR, Dudenko D, Chmelka BF, Toney MF, Brédas J-L, McGehee MD (2012) Adv Mater 24:6071CrossRef
80.
go back to reference Zusan A, Vandewal K, Allendorf B, Hansen NH, Pflaum J, Salleo A, Dyakonov V, Deibel C (2014) Adv Energy Mater 4:1400922 Zusan A, Vandewal K, Allendorf B, Hansen NH, Pflaum J, Salleo A, Dyakonov V, Deibel C (2014) Adv Energy Mater 4:1400922
81.
go back to reference Veldman D, Ipek O, Meskers SCJ, Sweelssen J, Koetse MM, Veenstra SC, Kroon JM, van Bavel SS, Loos J, Janssen RAJ (2008) J Am Chem Soc 130:7721CrossRef Veldman D, Ipek O, Meskers SCJ, Sweelssen J, Koetse MM, Veenstra SC, Kroon JM, van Bavel SS, Loos J, Janssen RAJ (2008) J Am Chem Soc 130:7721CrossRef
82.
83.
go back to reference Gehrig DW, Howard IA, Sweetnam S, Burke TM, McGehee MD, Laquai F (2015) Macromol Rapid Commun 36:1054CrossRef Gehrig DW, Howard IA, Sweetnam S, Burke TM, McGehee MD, Laquai F (2015) Macromol Rapid Commun 36:1054CrossRef
85.
go back to reference Zusan A, Gieseking B, Zerson M, Dyakonov V, Magerle R, Deibel C (2015) Sci Rep 5:8286CrossRef Zusan A, Gieseking B, Zerson M, Dyakonov V, Magerle R, Deibel C (2015) Sci Rep 5:8286CrossRef
86.
go back to reference Collins BA, Li Z, Tumbleston JR, Gann E, McNeill CR, Ade H (2013) Adv Energy Mater 3:65CrossRef Collins BA, Li Z, Tumbleston JR, Gann E, McNeill CR, Ade H (2013) Adv Energy Mater 3:65CrossRef
87.
go back to reference Fischer FSU, Trefz D, Back J, Kayunkid N, Tornow B, Albrecht S, Yager KG, Singh G, Karim A, Neher D, Brinkmann M, Ludwigs S (2015) Adv Mater 27:1223CrossRef Fischer FSU, Trefz D, Back J, Kayunkid N, Tornow B, Albrecht S, Yager KG, Singh G, Karim A, Neher D, Brinkmann M, Ludwigs S (2015) Adv Mater 27:1223CrossRef
88.
go back to reference Fischer FSU, Kayunkid N, Trefz D, Ludwigs S, Brinkmann M (2015) Macromolecules 48:3974CrossRef Fischer FSU, Kayunkid N, Trefz D, Ludwigs S, Brinkmann M (2015) Macromolecules 48:3974CrossRef
89.
go back to reference Scharsich C, Fischer FSU, Wilma K, Hildner R, Ludwigs S, Köhler A (2015) J Polym Sci Part B Polym Phys 53:1416CrossRef Scharsich C, Fischer FSU, Wilma K, Hildner R, Ludwigs S, Köhler A (2015) J Polym Sci Part B Polym Phys 53:1416CrossRef
90.
go back to reference Poelking C, Daoulas K, Troisi A, Andrienko D (2014) P3HT revisited – from molecular scale to solar cell devices Adv Polym Sci 265:139–180 Poelking C, Daoulas K, Troisi A, Andrienko D (2014) P3HT revisited – from molecular scale to solar cell devices Adv Polym Sci 265:139–180
92.
go back to reference Gemünden P, Poelking C, Kremer K, Daoulas K, Andrienko D (2015) Macromol Rapid Commun 36:1047CrossRef Gemünden P, Poelking C, Kremer K, Daoulas K, Andrienko D (2015) Macromol Rapid Commun 36:1047CrossRef
93.
go back to reference Andrienko D (2014) Supramolecular materials for opto-electronics. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge Andrienko D (2014) Supramolecular materials for opto-electronics. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge
Metadata
Title
Charge Carrier Generation, Recombination, and Extraction in Polymer–Fullerene Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells
Authors
Frédéric Laquai
Denis Andrienko
Carsten Deibel
Dieter Neher
Copyright Year
2017
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28338-8_11

Premium Partners