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2019 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

24. Chemical Reactions

Author : Achim Schmidt

Published in: Technical Thermodynamics for Engineers

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

This chapter examines chemical reactions more generally than the previous chapters. In Chap. 23 the focus has been on the combustion of fossil fuels and the lower/upper heating value has been introduced to handle a chemical decomposition energetically. However, this method used to be rather impractical, since the oxidisation has to be split into several parts and a distinction has been required whether condensation occurs. Now, a more straightforward method is preferred by introducing the so-called absolute specific enthalpy/entropy. In doing so, the specific enthalpy does not only imply a caloric effect, as it has been done in part I and II, but it includes the specific chemical bonded energy as well.

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previous chapter Combustion Processes
Footnotes
1
The ratio \(\frac{79}{21}\) is the molar ratio of atmospheric air \(\frac{ x_{\text {N}_{2},\text {Air}} }{ x_{\text {O}_{2},\text {Air}} }\). Thus, it shows how much more nitrogen compared to oxygen is in the combustion air.
 
2
Though the absolute specific enthalpy is a specific state value, a capital letter \(H_{\text {m}}\) is used instead of \(h_{\text {M}}\), to emphasise that the absolute specific enthalpy is meant. The same counts for the absolute specific entropy \(S_{\text {m}}\).
 
3
Changes of kinetic/potential energies shall be ignored!
 
4
Kinetic/potential energies ignored!
 
5
Kinetic/potential energies ignored!
 
6
In case kinetic/potential energies are counted as well!
 
7
Hence, it is no static equilibrium. In a static equilibrium it would obey \(\text {d}n_{i}=0\).
 
Metadata
Title
Chemical Reactions
Author
Achim Schmidt
Copyright Year
2019
Book
Technical Thermodynamics for Engineers

Print ISBN: 978-3-030-20396-2

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-20397-9

Copyright Year: 2019

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20397-9_24

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