Skip to main content
Disciplines
Automotive Business IT + Informatics Construction + Real Estate Electrical Engineering + Electronics Energy + Sustainability Insurance + Risk Finance + Banking Management + Leadership Marketing + Sales Mechanical Engineering + Materials
Events
DE
EN
Books
Journals
Topic Page
Marketing
Start single access now
Access for companies
EXTENDED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Environmental Earth Sciences
Published in: Environmental Earth Sciences 17/2021

01-09-2021 | Original Article

Chronological record, source identification and ecotoxicological impact assessment of heavy metals in sediments of Kallar Kahar Lake, Salt Range-Punjab, Pakistan

Authors: Tariq Javed, Nasir Ahmad, Azhar Mashiatullah, Khalid Khan

Published in: Environmental Earth Sciences | Issue 17/2021

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

The impact of climate change was studied based on the geochemical indicators, such as total organic carbon (TOC), calcium carbonate, stable carbon isotopes and heavy metals (HMs) in sediments of Kallar Kahar Lake. The sediment core was chronological dated from 1876 to 2011 (135 years back) using 210Pb isotope and sediment accumulation rates were in the range of 0.01–0.85 g cm−2 y−1, signifying the higher sediment accumulation rates during the last decade. Sediment accumulation rates were highly variable and ranged between 0.01 and 0.85 g cm−2 y−1. The δ13C values of total organic carbon (TOC) in surface and sediment core were − 19.8 to − 13.7 and − 19.3 to − 11.9 ‰VPDB, suggesting mainly the prevalence of autochthonous source of carbon. The accumulation of organic carbon (0.3–51.4 mg C cm−2 y−1) over period from bottom to surface layer of sediment core was observed with most significant concentration in recent deposit layer. δ13Ccarb ranged from − 1.9 to 1.7 for surface sediment and − 4.08 to − 0.75 ‰VPDB sediment core; slightly lower its value than marine carbonates (0 ‰VPDB), interpreting precipitation of calcite in sediments. Magnitude of HMs for Cd (7.47-fold), As (2.22-fold), Ni (1.80-fold), Cu (1.23-fold) and Cr (1.19-fold) in surface sediment, and As (3.98-fold), Ni (1.58-fold) and Cu (1.26-fold) in sediment core relative to Upper Continental Crust (UCC) revealed amplification of HMs in lake sediments in the past. Pollution indices and multivariate techniques revealed higher accumulation of HMs in surface and sediment core, deciphering origin of metals from anthropogenic and natural sources. Ecological risk index (312) and sediment quality guidelines revealed that HMs may affect aquatic life in future. Results indicate that lake is highly impacted by rise in sedimentation rate and accumulation of carbon and HMs in sediments during 1950–2011 by climate change.
previous article Application of a land use change model to guide regional planning and development in the south basin of the Urmia Lake, Iran
next article High-temperature response characteristics of loess porosity and strength

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now
Literature
Abraham J (2013) Organic carbon estimations in soils: analytical protocols and their implications. Rubber Sci 26(1):45–54
Afzal S, Yunas M, Hussain K (1999) Physical and chemical characterization of the agricultural lands of the Soon Sakesar Valley, Salt Range, Pakistan. Aust J Soil Res 37:1035–1046CrossRef
Ahmad K, Hussain M, Ashraf M, Luqman M, Ashraf MY, Khan ZI (2007) Indigenous vegetation of soon valley at the risk of extinction. Pak J Bot 39(3):679–690
Ahmad MI, Song J, Sun H, Wang X, Mehmood MS, Sajid M, Su P, Khan AJ (2020) contamination level, ecological risk, and source identification of heavy metals in the Hyporheic Zone of the Weihe River, China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 17(1070):1–17
Ali Z, Shelly SY, Bib F, Joshua G, Khan AM, Khan BN, Akhtar M (2011) Salt range wetlands complex, exploratory/baseline survey. J Animal Plant Sci 21(2):410–414
Appleby PG, Oldfield F (1978) The calculation of Lead-210 dates assuming a constant rate of supply of unsupported 210Pb to the sediment. CATENA 5:1–8CrossRef
Arribere MA, Ribeiro GS, Bubach DF, Vigliano PH (2006) Trace elements as fingerprint of Lake of Provenance and of species of some native and exotic fish of Northern Patagonian Lakes. Biol Trace Elem Res 143:965–973
Arshad M (2011) Site management plan, Kallar Kahar Game Reserve, WWF, Wetlands, The Ministry of Environment’s Pakistan Wetlands Programme, PWP – The Ministry of Environment’s Pakistan Wetlands Programme House, Islamabad
Augley J, Huxham M, Fernandes TS, Lyndon AR, Bury S (2007) Carbon stable isotopes in estuarine sediments and their utility as migration markers for nursery studies in the Firth of Forth and Forth Estuary, Scotland. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 72:648–656CrossRef
Bam EKP, Akiti TT, Osae SD, Ganyaglo SY, Gibrilla A (2011) Multivariate cluster analysis of some major and trace elements distribution in an unsaturated zone profile, Densu river basin, Ghana. Afr J Environ Sci Technol 5(3):155–167
Bassia N, Kumarb MD, Sharmac A, Pardha-Saradhia P (2014) Status of wetlands in India: a review of extent, ecosystem benefits, threats and management strategies. J Hydrol Reg Stud 2:1–19CrossRef
Baudo R, Amantini L, Bo F, Cenci R, Hannaert P, Lattanzio A, Marengo G, Muntau H (1989) Spatial distribution patterns of metals in the surface sediments of Lake Orta (Italy). Sci Total Environ 87–88:117–128CrossRef
Begy R, Cosma C, Timar A (2009) Recent changes in Red Lake (Romania) sedimentation rate determined from depth profiles of 210Pb and 137Cs radioisotopes. J Environ Radioact 100:644–648CrossRef
Bibi MH, Ahmed F, Ishiga H (2007) Assessment of metal concentrations in lake sediments of southwest Japan based on sediment quality guidelines. Environ Geol 52:625–639CrossRef
Bilal S, Rais M, Anwar M, Hussain I, Kabeer SMB (2013) Habitat association of Little Grebe (Tachybaptus ruficollis) at Kallar Kahar Lake, Pakistan. J King Saud Univ Sci 25:267–270CrossRef
Bohlin, (2005) The influence by point sources on carbon, nitrogen and metals in two sedimentary environments, Department of Geology and Geochemistry, Stockholm University SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
Brenner M, Whitmore TJ, Curtis JH, Hodell DA, Schelske CL (1999) Stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) signatures of sediment organic material as indicators of historic lake trophic state. J Paleolimnol 22:205–221CrossRef
Chaudhary MZ, Ahmad N, Mashiatullah A, Munir S, Javed T (2013) Assessment of metals concentration and ecotoxicology of the sediment core of Rohri Creek, Karachi Coast. Pakistan Acta Geologica Sinica 87(5):1434–1443CrossRef
Chaudhary MZ, Khan K, Mashiatullah A, Javed T, Yaqoob N, Robab Um-e, Khan MS, Abid J (2021) Sediment accumulation rates in Karachi Coastal area Pakistan using 210Pb dating method. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 327(1):13–20CrossRef
Coskun A, Horasan BY, Ozturk A (2021) Heavy metal distribution in stream sediments and potential ecological risk assessment in Konya Northeast region. Environ Earth Sci 80:181CrossRef
Craig H (1953) The geochemistry of the stable carbon isotopes. GeocIdmica et Cosmochimica Acta 3:53–92CrossRef
Cuna S, Pop D, Hosu A (2001) Carbon and oxygen isotope ratios in Rona Limestone, Romania. Stud Univer Babeş-Bolyai Geologia 46(1):141–151
Deines P (1980) The isotopic composition of reduced organic carbon. In: Fritz P, Fontes J (eds) In Handbook of environmental isotope geochemistry, the terrestrial environment, Part A. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, New York, pp 329–406
Deines P, Langmuir D, Harmon RS (1974) Stable carbon isotope ratios and the existence of a gas phase in the evolution of carbonate ground waters. Geochemica et Cosmochimica Acta 38(7):1147–1164CrossRef
Descolas-Gros C, Fontugne M (1990) Stable carbon isotope fractionation by marine phytoplankton during photosynthesis. Plant Cell Environ 13:207–218CrossRef
Devesa-Rey R, Barral MT, Jouanneau J-M, Dız-Fierros F (2010) Analysis of the degree of contamination and evolution in the last 100 years of the composition of the bed sediments of the Anllons Basin. Environ Earth Sci 61:1401–1417CrossRef
Din ZB (1992) Use of aluminium to normalize heavy-metal data from estuarine and coastal sediments of straits of Melaka. Mar Pollut Bull 24:484–491CrossRef
Dirilgen N (2001) Accumulation of heavy metals in freshwater organisms: assessment of toxic interaction. Turk J Chem 25(3):173–179
El-Sayed SA, Moussa EMM, El-Sabagh MEI (2015) Evaluation of heavy metal content in Qaroun Lake, El-Fayoum, Egypt. Part I: bottom sediments. J Radiat Res Appl Sci 1–10
Fedotov AP, Trunova VA, Enushchenk IV, Vorobyeva SS, Stepanova OG, Petrovskii SK, Melgunov MS, Zvereva VV, KrapivinaZheleznyakova SMTO (2015) A 850-year record climate and vegetation changes in East Siberia (Russia), inferred from geochemical and biological proxies of lake sediments. Environ Earth Sci 73:7297–7314CrossRef
Flynn WW (1968) The determination of low levels of Polonium-210 in environmental materials. Anal Chim Acta 43:221–227CrossRef
Forghani G, Moore F, Lee S, Qishlaqi A (2009) Geochemistry and speciation of metals in sediments of the Maharlu Saline Lake, Shiraz, SW Iran. Environ Earth Sci 59:173–184CrossRef
Fuller CC, Van Geen A, Baskaran M, Anima R (1999) Sediment chronology in San Francisco Bay, California, defined by 210Pb, 234Th, 137Cs, and 239,240Pu. Mar Chem 64:7–27CrossRef
Gao L, Hanb L, Peng W, Gao Bo XuD, Wan X (2018) Identification of anthropogenic inputs of trace metals in lake sediments using geochemical baseline and Pb isotopic composition. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 164:226–233CrossRef
Garrett RG (2000) Natural sources of metals to the environment. Human Ecol Risk Assess 6:945–963CrossRef
Ghaleno OR, Sayadi MH, Rezaei MR (2015) Potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments of water reservoir case study: Chah Nimeh of Sistan. Proc Int Acad Ecol Environ Sci 5(4):89–96
Goher ME, Farhat HI, AbdoSalem MHSG (2014) Metal pollution assessment in the surface sediment of Lake Nasser, Egypt. Egypt J Aquat Res 40:213–224CrossRef
Goodyear KL, McNeill S (1999) Bioaccumulation of heavy metals by aquatic macro-invertebrates of different feeding guilds. Sci Total Environ 229:1–19CrossRef
Grosheva EL, Voronskaya GN, Pastukhove MV (2000) Trace element bio-availability in Lake Baikal. Aquat Ecosyst Health Manag 3:229–234CrossRef
Håkanson L (1980) An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control. A sedimentological approach. Water Res 14:975–1001CrossRef
Herczeg AL, Smith AK, Dighton JC (2001) A 120 year record of changes in nitrogen and carbon cycling in Lake Alexandrina, South Australia: C:N, δ15N and δ13C in sediments. Appl Geochem 16:73–84CrossRef
Huang L, Rad S, Li Xu, Gui L, Song X, Li Y, Wu Z, Chen Z (2020) Heavy metals distribution, sources, and ecological risk assessment in Huixian Wetland, South China. Water 12(431):1–14
Hussain SA, Han F-Q, Han WW, Rodríguez A, Han J-L, Han J, Nian X-Q, Yi L, Ma Z, Widory D (2019) Climate change impact on the evolution of the Saline Lakes of the Soan-Sakaser Valley (Central Salt Range; Pakistan): Evidences from Hydrochemistry and Water (δD, δ18O) and chlorine isotope (δ35Cl) stable isotope. Water 11:912. https://​doi.​org/​10.​3390/​w11050912CrossRef
Iqbal F, Raza N, Ali M, Atjhar M (2006) Contamination of Kallar Kahar Lake by inorganic elements and heavy metals and their temporal variations. J Appl Sci Environ Manag 10(2):95–98
Jambrina-Enríquez M, Recio C, Armenteros I (2018) Biogeochemical characterization of a Mediterranean shallow lake using stable isotopes: Laguna del Cristo (NW Iberian Peninsula). Environ Earth Sci 77:49CrossRef
Javed T, Ahmad N, Mashiatullah A (2018) Heavy metals contamination and ecological risk assessment in surface sediments of Namal Lake, Pakistan. Pol J Environ Stud 27(2):675–688CrossRef
Jennya J-P, Koirala S, Gregory-Eaves I, Francus P, Niemann C, Ahrens B, Brovkin V, Baud A, Ojala AEK, Normandeau A, Zolitschka B, Carvalhais N (2019) Human and climate global-scale imprint on sediment transfer during the Holocene. Proc Natl Acad Sci 116(46):22972–22976CrossRef
Jeyabal G, Ramasamy S (2014) Down core variation in sediment characteristics and trace element geochemistry of a core sample in Pichavaram Mangrove area, Tamil Nadu, Southeast Coast of India. Environ Geo Chimica Acta 1(3):206
Khan AA, Arshad S (2014) Wetlands of Pakistan: distribution, degradation and management, Pakistan. Geograph Rev 69(1):28–45
Khan K, Ikram M, Faridi R, Amjad R, Chaudhray MN (2015) Perils of eutrophication and spatio-temporal dynamics of Lake Kalar Kahar, Potohar Pleatue, Salt Range, Pakistan. Sci Int Lahore 27(3):3341–3346
Khan MA, Khan JA, Ali Z, Ahmad I, Ahmad MN (2016) The challenge of climate change and policy response in Pakistan. Environ Earth Sci 75(412):2–16
Kormoker T, Proshad R, Islam MS (2019) Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in sediment of the Louhajang River, Bangladesh. SF J Environ Earth Sci 2:1–13
Li X, Liu W, Xu L (2012) Carbon isotopes in surface-sediment carbonates of modern Lake Qinghai (Qinghai-Tibet Plateau): Implications for lake evolution in arid areas. Chem Geol 300–301:88–96CrossRef
Lubis AA (2006) Constant Rate of Supply (CRS) Model for determining the sediment accumulation rates in the coastal area using 210Pb. J Coast Dev 10(1):9–18
Luque JA, Julia R (2002) Lake sediment response to land-use and climate change during the last 1000 years in the oligotrophic Lake Sanabria (northwest of Iberian Peninsula). Sed Geol 148:343–355CrossRef
Ma L, Wu J, Abuduwaili J, Liu W (2016) Geochemical responses to anthropogenic and natural influences in Ebinur Lake sediments of Arid Northwest China. PLoS One 11:e015819
Maanan M, Saddik M, Maanan M, Chaibi M, AssobheiZourarah OB (2015) Environmental and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments of Nador lagoon, Morocco. Ecol Ind 48:616–626CrossRef
Macdonald DD, IngersollBerger CGTA (2000) Development and evaluation of consensus-based sediment quality guidelines for freshwater ecosystems. Arch Sentim Contam Toxicol 39:20–31CrossRef
Manzoor M, Bibi S, Manzoor M (2013) Historical analysis of flood information and impacts assessment and associated response in Pakistan (1947–2011). Res J Environ Earth Sci 5(3):139–146
Massart DL, Kaufman L (1983) The interpretation of analytical chemical data by the use of cluster analysis. Wiley, New York
Meena NK, Prakasam M, Bhushan R, Sarkar S, Diwate P, Banerji U (2017) Last-five-decade heavy metal pollution records from the Rewalsar Lake, Himachal Pradesh, India. Environ Earth Sci 76:39CrossRef
Meyers PA, Teranes L (2002) Sediment organic matter: 239–269. In: Last WM, Smol JP (eds) Tracking environmental change using lake sediments, vol. 2. Physical and geochemical methods, Kluwer
Mitsch WJ, Gosselink JG (1993) Wetlands, 2nd edn. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York
Moforis L, Kostopoulou S, Panagopoulos G, Pyliotis I, Triantaphylou M, Manoutsoglou E, and Zelilidis A (2013) Sedimentation processes and palaeographic evolution of Makrilia Pliocene Deposits, SE Crete. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece, vol. XLVII, Proceedings of the 13th International Congress, Chania, Sep 2013, 216–225
Moore F, Forghani G, Qishlaqi A (2009) Assessment of heavy metal contamination in water and surface sediments of the Maharlu Saline Lake, SW Iran. Iran J Sci Technol Trans A 33(A1):43–55
Muller, (1979) Heavy metals in the sediment of the Rhine-Changes seity. 1971. Umsch Wiss Tech 79:778–783
Munir M, Qureshi R, Arshad M, Chaudhry AK, Laghari MK (2012) Taxonomic study of Bacillariophyta from Kallar Kahar Lake Chakwal, Punjab, Pakistan. Pak J Bot 44(5):1805–1814
Navarro EMG, Tagle MEV, Marín MTL, Alfonso MSP (2011) Comparison of USEPA 3050B and ISO 14869–1:2001 digestion methods for sediment analysis by using FAAS and ICP-OES quantification techniques. Quim Nova 34(8):1443CrossRef
Palma P, Ledo L, Alvarenga P (2015) Assessment of trace element pollution and its environmental risk to freshwater sediments influenced by anthropogenic contributions: the case study of Alqueva reservoir (Guadiana Basin). CATENA 128:174–184CrossRef
Kumar P, Meena NK, Diwate P, Mahajan AK, Bhushan R (2019) The heavy metal contamination history during ca 1839–2003 AD from Renuka Lake of Lesser Himalaya, Himachal Pradesh, India. Environ Earth Sci 78:549CrossRef
Persaud D, Jaagumagi R, Hayton A (1993) Guidelines for protection and management of aquatic sediment quality, Water Resources Branch, Ministry of the Environment and Energy, Ontario, ISBN 0-7778-9248-7, Cette publication technique n'est disponible qu'en anglais, Copyright: Queen’s Printer for Ontario, Canada
Qingyu Z, Bin L, Fengrui Q, Jianwen C, Yong D, Jingru L (2016) Environmental and geochemical significance of carbon and oxygen isotopes of Ordovician carbonate paleokarst in Lunnan Tarim Basin. Environ Earth Sci 75:1074CrossRef
Sala OE, Chapin FS, Armesto JJ, Berlow E, Bloomfield J, Dirzo R, Hubert-Sanwald E, Huenneke LF, Jackson RB, Kinzig A, Leeemans R, Lodge DM, Mooney HA, Oesterheld M, Poff NL, Sykes MT, Walker BH, WalkerWall MDH (2000) Global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100. Science 287:1770–1774CrossRef
Saleem M, IqbalShah JMH (2013) A study of seasonal variations and risk assessment of selected metals in sediments from Mangla Lake, Pakistan. J Geochem Explor 125:144–152CrossRef
Salifu M, Aiglsperger T, Alakangas L (2020) Biogeochemical controls on 13CDIC signatures from Circum-Neutral pH Groundwater in Cu–W–F Skarn tailings to acidic downstream surface waters. Minerals 10(758):1–16
Schulte P, Geldern RV, Freitag H, Karim A, Négrel P, Petelet-Giraud E, Probst A, Probst JL, Telmer K, VeizerBarth JJAC (2011) Applications of stable water and carbon isotopes in watershed research: weathering, carbon cycling, and water balances. Earth-Sci Rev 109:20–31CrossRef
Shahram E, Akbar HM, Naser J, Seyed FN, Seyed MN, Mohammad Ali E (2011) Trace element level in different tissues of Rutilus frisii kutum collected from Tajan River, Iran. Biol Trace Elem Res 143:965–973CrossRef
Shamsuddin MKN, Suratman S, Ramli MF, Sulaiman WNA, Sefie A (2016) Hydrochemical assessment of surface water and groundwater quality at Bank Infiltration Site, IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 13.
Shirani M, Afzali KN, Jahan S, Strezov V, Soleimani-Sardo M (2020) Pollution and contamination assessment of heavy metals in the sediments of Jazmurian playa in southeast Iran. Scientific Report 10(4775).
Swarnalatha K, Letgtha J, Ayoob S (2013) Ecological risk assessment of a tropical lake System. J Urban Environ Eng 7(2):323–329CrossRef
Szmytkiewicz A, Tamara Z (2014) Sediment deposition and accumulation rates determined by sediment trap and 210Pb isotope methods in the Outer Puck Bay (Baltic Sea). Oceanologia 56(1):85–106CrossRef
Taylor ZP (2011) Spatial variation in organic carbon and stable isotope composition of lake sediments at Laguna Zoncho, Costa Rica. A Dissertation Presented for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree University of Tennessee, Knoxville.
Tylmann W (2004) Estimating recent sedimentation rates using 210Pb on the example of morphologically complex lake (upper Lake raduñskie, N Poland). Geochronom, J Methods Appl Absol Chronol 23:21–26
Udayakumar P, Chandran A, Jean-Jose J, Rajesh BR, Narendra BK, Ouseph PP (2011) Seasonal dynamics of dissolved metals in surface coastal waters of South-West India. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 87:662–668CrossRef
US Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA) (2002) Mid-Atlantic Integrated Assessment (MAIA) Estuaries 1997–98: Summary Report, EPA/620/R-02/003, p, 115
Varol M (2011) Assessment of heavy metal contamination in sediments of the Tigris River (Turkey) using pollution indices and multivariate statistical techniques. J Hazard Mater 195:355–364CrossRef
Vasiliu D, Bucse A, Lupascu N, Ispas B, Gheablau C, Stanescu I (2020) Assessment of the metal pollution in surface sediments of coastal Tasaul Lake (Romania). Environ Monitor Assess 192(749):1–16
Vemic M, Rousseau D, Laing G, Lens P (2014) Distribution and fate of metals in the Montenegrin part of Lake Skadar. Int J Sedim Res 29:357–367CrossRef
Vrhovnik P, Šmuc NR, Dolenec T, Serafimovski T, Dolenec M (2013) An evaluation of trace metal distribution and environmental risk in sediments from the Lake Kalimanci (FYR Macedonia). Environ Earth Sci 70:761–775CrossRef
Wang L-F, Yang L-Y, Kong L-H, Li S, Zhu J-R, Wang Y-Q (2014) Spatial distribution, source identification and pollution assessment of metal content in the surface sediments of Nansi Lake, China. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 113:469–476CrossRef
Wedepohl KH (1995) The composition of continental crust. Geochicam et Cosmochemica Acta 59:1217–1233CrossRef
Wondim YK, Mosa HM (2015) Spatial variation of sediment physicochemical characteristics of Lake Tana, Ethiopia. J Environ Earth Sci 5(13):95–109
Xie Z, He J, LuC ZR, Zhou B, Mao H, Song W, Zhao W, Hou D, Wang J, Li Y (2015) Organic carbon fractions and estimation of organic carbon storage in the lake sediments in Inner Mongolia Plateau, China. Environ Earth Sci 73:2169–2178CrossRef
Xu J, Chen Y, Zheng L, Liu B, Liu J, Wang X (2018) Assessment of heavy metal pollution in the sediment of the main tributaries of Dongting Lake, China. Water 10:1060CrossRef
Yalcin F, Kilic S, Nyamsari DG, Yalcin MG, Kilic M (2016) Principal component analysis of integrated metal concentrations of Bogacayi Riverbank Sediments in Turkey. Pol J Environ Stud 25(2):471CrossRef
Yang P, Yang M, Mao R, Shao HO (2014) Multivariate-statistical assessment of heavy metals for agricultural soils in Northern China. Sci World J 2014:1–7CrossRef
Yi Y, Yang Z, Zhang S (2011) Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in sediment and human health risk assessment of heavy metals in fishes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin. Environ Pollut 159:2575–2585CrossRef
Yi L, Gao B, Liu H, Zhang Y, Du C, Li Y (2020) Characteristics and assessment of toxic metal contamination in surface water and sediments near a Uranium Mining Area. Int J Environ Res Public Health 17(548):1–13
Yin X, Liu X, Sun L, Zhu R, Xie Z, Wang Y (2006) A 1500-year record of lead, copper, arsenic, cadmium, zinc level in Antarctic seal hairs and sediments. Sci Total Environ 371:252–257 CrossRef
Yu Z, Wang X, Han G, Liu X, Zhang E (2018) Organic and inorganic carbon and their stable isotopes in surface sediments of the Yellow River Estuary. Sci Rep 8:10825CrossRef
Yuan H, Song J, Li X, Li N, Duan L (2012) Distribution and contamination of heavy metals in surface sediments of the South Yellow Sea. Mar Pollut Bull 64:2151–2159CrossRef
Zeng H, Wu J (2013) Heavy metal pollution of lakes along the Mid-Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River in China: Intensity, Sources and Spatial Patterns. Int J Environ Res Public Health 10:793–807CrossRef
Zhang JT, Pouyat R (2000) Effects of urbanization on the concentrations of heavy metals in deciduous forest floor in a case study of New York City. Scientia Silvae Sinicae 36(4):42–45
Zhang W, Ming Q, Shi Z, Chen G, Niu J, Lei G, Chang F, Zhang H (2014) Lake sediment records on climate change and human activities in the Xingyun Lake Catchment, SW China. PLoS One 9(7):1–10CrossRef
Zhao G, Ye S, Yuan H, Ding X, Wang J (2017) Surface sediment properties and heavy metal pollution assessment in the Pearl River Estuary, China. Environ Sci Poll Res 24:2966–2979CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Chronological record, source identification and ecotoxicological impact assessment of heavy metals in sediments of Kallar Kahar Lake, Salt Range-Punjab, Pakistan
Authors
Tariq Javed
Nasir Ahmad
Azhar Mashiatullah
Khalid Khan
Publication date
01-09-2021
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Environmental Earth Sciences / Issue 17/2021
Print ISSN: 1866-6280
Electronic ISSN: 1866-6299
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-021-09764-7

Other articles of this Issue 17/2021

Environmental Earth Sciences 17/2021 Go to the issue

Thematic Issue

Groundwater decrease and contamination around subway tunnels in a coastal area of Busan City, Korea

Original Article

Soil erosion risk assessment for prioritization of sub-watershed: the case of Chogo Watershed, Horo Guduru Wollega, Ethiopia

Thematic Issue

Interpreting land subsidence impacts due to groundwater depletion using remote sensing-based GRACE gravity anomaly and DInSAR technique: a study on north-western parts of India

Original Article

Modeling fate and transport of ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate in a soil contaminated with large dose of urea

Original Article

Analysis of hydraulic conductivity characteristics of alluvial sequence in North China Plain

Original Article

Comprehensive assessment of groundwater quality using heavy metal pollution indices and geospatial technique: a case study from Wanaparthy watershed of upper Krishna River basin, Telangana, India