Chronology of a Global Agenda: The Construction of the Concept of Sustainable Development and the Definition of Its Dimensions

The term sustainable development has become, in recent years, commonplace in any socioeconomic debate. A government and business marketing tool, as well as a challenge for economists and policymakers. Nonetheless, despite its widespread use and significant popularity, the concept remains somewhat ambiguous, with short-sighted interpretations regarding its definition, origins, and dimensions. This article aims to (re)position the debate on the issue of sustainable development, examining the origins and construction of this concept through the analysis of its historical evolution. It also presents and discusses its key conceptual dimensions, originally introduced in the nineties through the tripod (i) social justice, (ii) environmental protection, and (iii) economic efficiency, until its later expansion with the introduction of two more pillars of sustainability: (iv) cultural diversity, and (v) institutional capacity. This is done through an extensive literature review and content analysis of foundational documents and significant events that played a crucial role in shaping the concept of sustainable development. The article concludes and argues that the understanding of sustainable development has changed and evolved from a narrow view focused only on economic growth and environmental protection to a broader understanding that must also encompass social, cultural, and institutional aspects.