The melting process of glacier ice and snow in the Himalayas is highly influenced by the changing climate, potentially impacting the hydrogeochemistry of the glacial meltwater. Changing climate is closely linked to extreme events, such as rainfall and temperature, acting as significant drivers that necessitate in-depth understanding. While extensive research studies have explored the role of climate change in posing risks to drinking water quality and contributing to water pollution from catchment areas, less attention has been devoted to addressing specific sensitive water quality parameters for impact reduction. This chapter focuses on the effect of climate change on glacier meltwater, drawing insights from recent literature on the broader influences on the water quality of different areas of the Himalayas, including the relationship of climatic factors. A variation in glacier meltwater chemistry studied in the Himalayas has been analysed, especially HCO3−, SO42−, Cl−, Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+. The pH level of the meltwater from Himalayan glaciers exhibits variation, ranging from acidic to alkaline, owing to the diverse geology and dissolution of rock minerals in the glacial meltwater. The trend of the hydro-geochemical parameters in the Himalayan region specifies that the concentrations of significant anions and cations HCO3−, SO42−, Cl−, Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ are increasing compared to the earlier years. This is attributed to the higher temperatures promoting rock exposure and intensifying weathering processes in the glaciated valleys of the Himalayas. Through our analysis of previous research, we have identified a knowledge gap, prompting us to propose exploring additional research avenues. Specifically, we investigate climate change’s impact on glacier meltwater quality. It is imperative to comprehend these effects as it lays the foundation for developing effective strategies to manage and mitigate the consequences of climate change on water quality.
