CO₂ Geosequestration: Capturing Carbon for a Sustainable Future
Carbon Dioxide Storage in Geological Media
- 2025
- Book
- Author
- Annapurna Boruah
- Book Series
- Springer Climate
- Publisher
- Springer Nature Switzerland
About this book
As the world faces the urgent need to combat climate change, "CO2 Geosequestration: Capturing Carbon for a Sustainable Future" provides a comprehensive solution on carbon dioxide storage in geological media, and utilization to reduce the CO2 from the atmosphere. This book serves as a guide to understanding the science and technology for carbon dioxide geosequestration. In this engaging guide, the author delves into innovative methods and processes designed to securely store CO2 emissions from various sources. With a focus on environmental sustainability, the book explores the geological storage of carbon dioxide in depleted oil and gas reservoirs, coal, shale, saline aquifers, basalt, and other underground formations, ensuring that this remains safely sequestered for the long term.
Through a blend of real-world case studies, cutting-edge research, and expert insights, CO2 Geosequestration highlights the potential of this technology to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and reduce the carbon footprint of industries worldwide. From the basics of carbon capture to the intricate details of monitoring and verification, this book offers an in-depth look at the challenges, opportunities, and prospects of CO2 geosequestration. Whether you are a scientist, engineer, policymaker, or environmentally conscious individual, this book provides a valuable resource for understanding the fundamental principles and potential benefits of geosequestration in the fight against climate change. Join us on a journey toward a sustainable future where carbon capture and geosequestration play critical roles in protecting our planet for generations to come.
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Table of Contents
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Frontmatter
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Chapter 1. Climate Change and CO2 Geosequestration
Annapurna BoruahThe chapter delves into the critical role of CO2 geosequestration in addressing climate change, driven by the significant challenges posed by global CO2 emissions. It highlights the viability and benefits of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies, emphasizing their potential to reduce atmospheric CO2 levels and meet global energy demands. The text explores various geological storage options, such as depleted oil and gas reservoirs, deep saline formations, and unmineable coal seams, and discusses the technical and commercial feasibility of these methods. It also examines the global distribution of CO2 emissions by sector and region, underscoring the need for targeted emission reduction strategies. The chapter concludes by emphasizing the importance of integrating CCS with other mitigation measures to achieve the ambitious targets set by the Paris Agreement.AI Generated
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AbstractAs outlined in the Paris Agreement, achieving net-zero and negative greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2080 to limit global temperature rise to 2 °C, is crucial. Still the fossil fuels are contribution approximately 83% of the world’s energy supply. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is considered as a key technology to reduce the growing carbon footprint. CO2 geosequestration, involves storing CO2 in the geological media and restrict its release into the atmosphere. The feasible options of geosequestration include underground geological formations, oceans, terrestrial ecosystems, and bio-sequestration. Combining the geological sequestration and as renewable energy exploration can facilitate the carbon emissions reduction. This chapter discusses the CCUS (Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage) as a key element in national and global climate strategies, and demonstrating its role in achieving net zero. -
Chapter 2. Reservoir Screening Criteria for CO2 Storage
Annapurna BoruahThe chapter delves into the critical mechanisms responsible for the underground storage of CO2, including structure-based trapping, solubility trapping, residual trapping, and mineral trapping. It also outlines the essential screening criteria for selecting suitable geological formations for CO2 storage, such as depth, porosity, permeability, and caprock integrity. The text highlights the importance of understanding these mechanisms and criteria for the effective and safe long-term storage of CO2, emphasizing the need for thorough geological evaluation and monitoring to ensure the reliability and efficiency of CCS projects.AI Generated
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AbstractThis chapter gives an in-depth look at the ways that CO2 is trapped and stored permanently in rock formations, as well as the factors that should be used to choose the best storage sites. The main trapping mechanisms consist of structural and stratigraphic trapping, which involves the physical confinement of CO2 beneath impermeable caprocks; residual trapping, where CO2 is immobilised in the pore spaces of the rock; solubility trapping, where CO2 dissolves into formation fluids; and mineral trapping, where CO2 interacts with minerals to form stable carbonates over time. While selecting geological formations for CO2 storage, the most important variables for consideration are reservoir depth, porosity, permeability, and caprock integrity to ensure effective containment. This chapter discusses the importance of site-specific risk assessments, concentrating on potential leakage pathways and the long-term stability of storage sites. Different formation types, such as depleted oil and gas reservoirs, saline aquifers, and unmineable coal seams, are assessed for their suitability based on these criteria. This chapter emphasises that effective CO2 storage is dependent on understanding the geological features of the site of storage and the mechanisms of trapping involved in it, all of which are essential to ensuring permanent confinement while minimising the adverse environmental effects. -
Chapter 3. Carbon Dioxide Injection and Gas Recovery from the Shale Formation: Experimental and Simulation Study
Annapurna BoruahThe chapter delves into the potential of shale formations for CO2 sequestration and enhanced gas recovery, focusing on the Barren Measures shale in India's Raniganj formation. It explores key reservoir properties like porosity, permeability, and mineral composition, and how they influence CO2 injection and storage. The study combines experimental data and simulation models to predict CO2 injection potential and gas recovery rates, providing valuable insights into the complex interactions between CO2 and shale formations. The results highlight the importance of understanding these interactions for optimizing CO2 storage and gas recovery, with implications for carbon capture and storage technologies.AI Generated
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AbstractCO2 can be permanently store in the shale reservoirs and also can be utilised for enhancing the gas extraction from the shale. This chapter focuses on shale rock characterization in terms of mineral composition, porosity, permeability, pore size distribution, and grain density, and also simulation for CO2 storage estimation. The current study is based on both field study, laboratory investigation, and reservoir modelling. CO2 sequestration potential in the Chalbalpur-Mahishmura regions of the Raniganj Field, India was assessed with the help of simulation techniques. The studied shales show the porosity levels between 0.02% and 1.21%, permeability from 0.10 to 1.67 millidarcies (mD), and grain density ranging from 2.40 to 3.09 g per cubic centimetre (g/cc). Simulation results the total cumulative volume of CO2 storage capacity 721,000m3, with around 1296.3 tons of CO2 potentially sequestered over 300 to 400 days within the shale reservoir. -
Chapter 4. CO2 Fracturing as an Alternative of Hydraulic Fracturing for Shale Gas Production
Annapurna BoruahThis chapter delves into the potential of CO2 fracturing as a sustainable alternative to hydraulic fracturing for shale gas production. It begins by discussing the increasing demand for unconventional hydrocarbon resources and the historical context of shale gas production. The text then explores the challenges posed by traditional hydraulic fracturing methods, such as water-rock interactions and environmental concerns. CO2 fracturing is introduced as a promising solution that not only mitigates these issues but also offers additional benefits like carbon sequestration and enhanced gas recovery. The chapter also provides a detailed analysis of the interaction between CO2 and shale, explaining how it alters the pore structure, mechanical properties, and geochemical characteristics of the rock. Additionally, it discusses the economic viability and environmental advantages of CO2 fracturing compared to other fracturing fluids. The chapter concludes by emphasizing the potential of CO2 fracturing for both energy production and carbon mitigation, making it a valuable read for those interested in sustainable energy solutions.AI Generated
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AbstractFracturing shale gas reservoirs with carbon dioxide (CO2) represents an efficient technique in the extraction process. Enhancing the effectiveness of hydrofracturing in these reservoirs necessitates a precise analysis of their heterogeneous nature, mandating the use of 3D reservoir modelling. This modelling approach demonstrates the application of reservoir simulation techniques, crucial for forecasting successful fracturing methods in shale gas recovery. Conducting multi-stage fracturing tests on unconventional reservoirs using this model allows for the assessment of heterogeneity and variations in fracture distance, considering factors like fracture half-length, spacing, and conductivities. Employing CO2 as a fracturing fluid, a simulation study explores diverse conditions. The findings from simulation and modelling indicate a notable enhancement in shale gas recovery rates, exhibiting an increase ranging between approximately 3–7%. These improvements are linked to alterations in fracture half-length, spacing, and the number of fractures. -
Chapter 5. CO2 Sequestration and CH4 Extraction from Unmineable Coal Seams
Annapurna BoruahThe chapter delves into the potential of CO2 sequestration and CH4 extraction from unmineable coal seams, a crucial topic given India's significant coal reserves and energy demands. It discusses the benefits of CO2 injection for enhanced coal bed methane (ECBM) recovery and the storage potential of deep coal seams. The study focuses on the Moher Main Basin in Madhya Pradesh, India, where extensive laboratory and field analyses were conducted to evaluate coal quality parameters and gas adsorption capacities. The research highlights the significant CO2 and CH4 storage capacities of the unmineable coal seams, offering a promising solution for both carbon sequestration and clean energy production. The chapter also emphasizes the importance of understanding coal properties such as porosity, permeability, and mineral composition for optimizing storage potential and long-term stability. Additionally, it underscores the need for detailed investigation and simulation modeling to accurately predict real-field scale estimations, making it a valuable resource for specialists in the field.AI Generated
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AbstractThis chapter explains CO2 sequestration and CH4 extraction potential of unmineable coal seams. The coal seams of Barakar formation of Singrauli coalfield in India was considered for this study. This sequestration process has dual benefits offers a promising approach to mitigating greenhouse gas emissions in the meantime improving natural gas recovery through coal bed methane (CBM) exploration. The studied coal seams show significant storage capacities, and estimated maximum sorption values are 10,758 Mm3 for CO2 and 3215 Mm3 for CH4. The results highlight the feasibility of utilizing unmineable coal seams for carbon sequestration and methane extraction which can contribute to both climate change mitigation and energy development. -
Chapter 6. CO2 Sequestration in Saline Aquifers: Principles, Site Selection, and Operational Considerations
Annapurna BoruahCO2 sequestration in saline aquifers is a critical strategy for mitigating climate change by capturing and storing CO2 emissions. This chapter delves into the principles of CO2 sequestration, focusing on the mechanisms of CO2 trapping in saline aquifers and the essential criteria for selecting suitable storage sites. It also discusses the operational considerations necessary for successful CO2 injection and containment, highlighting the importance of understanding CO2 behavior under varying pressure and temperature conditions. Additionally, the chapter explores the challenges and environmental considerations associated with CO2 sequestration, such as potential groundwater contamination, induced seismicity, and caprock integrity. By providing a systematic approach to site selection and operational management, this chapter offers valuable insights into the feasibility and long-term effectiveness of CO2 storage in saline aquifers.AI Generated
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AbstractThe chapter discusses the overview of CO2 sequestration in saline aquifers, and its significance as an important strategy to reduce global warming by minimizing CO2 emissions. It explains fundamental principles like CO2 phase behaviour, interactions with water and rock, and various trapping mechanisms associated with this process. The storage potential of saline aquifers is explained, focusing on key parameters such as storage capacity and CO2 injectivity, which vastly influence their suitability for CO2 storage. A detailed site selection process is also analysed, considering basin characteristics and reservoir parameters, as well as economic and social considerations. -
Chapter 7. Basalt: A Viable Host Rock for CO2 Sequestration and Mineralization
Annapurna BoruahBasalt, a common volcanic rock, is emerging as an innovative and sustainable solution for carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration and mineralization. Unlike other geological media, basalt stores CO2 in solid mineral form, providing a long-term storage solution. Its widespread availability, both on land and beneath the ocean floor, makes it a promising candidate for large-scale carbon storage. The chapter explores the unique properties of basalt, such as its high reactivity with CO2 due to minerals like olivine and plagioclase, and discusses the processes involved in mineral carbonation. It also highlights successful projects like the CarbFix initiative in Iceland, which has demonstrated rapid CO2 mineralization in basalt formations. The chapter concludes by emphasizing the potential of basalt for reducing atmospheric CO2 levels and mitigating climate change, despite the challenges and higher costs associated with its use compared to traditional sedimentary reservoirs.AI Generated
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AbstractBasalt is considered as a promising host rock for CO2 sequestration due to its composition with minerals cations such as Ca, Mg, and Fe. Basalt is composed of olivine, pyroxene, and plagioclase feldspar which react with dissolved CO2 and form carbonate minerals, which can trap the injected CO2 in secure solid forms. CO2 sequestration in basalt involves various ways and techniques that capitalize on the reactivity of basaltic minerals to capture and securely store carbon dioxide. This chapter discusses about different approaches for CO2 sequestration in basalt, elucidating the mineralization process. It also highlights its potential as an effective carbon storage media.
- Title
- CO₂ Geosequestration: Capturing Carbon for a Sustainable Future
- Author
-
Annapurna Boruah
- Copyright Year
- 2025
- Publisher
- Springer Nature Switzerland
- Electronic ISBN
- 978-3-031-81021-3
- Print ISBN
- 978-3-031-81020-6
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-81021-3
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