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2019 | Book

Introduction Read chapter Read first chapter

CO2 Capture by Reactive Absorption-Stripping

Modeling, Analysis and Design

Authors: Ph.D. Claudio Madeddu, Assist. Prof. Massimiliano Errico, Roberto Baratti

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Book Series : SpringerBriefs in Energy

Part of: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik"

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About this book

This book focuses on modelling issues and their implications for the correct design of reactive absorption–desorption systems. In addition, it addresses the case of carbon dioxide (CO2) post-combustion capture in detail. The book proposes a new perspective on these systems, and provides technological solutions with comparisons to previous treatments of the subject. The model that is proposed is subsequently validated using experimental data. In addition, the book features graphs to guide readers with immediate visualizations of the benefits of the methodology proposed. It shows a systematic procedure for the steady-state model-based design of a CO2 post-combustion capture plant that employs reactive absorption-stripping, using monoethanolamine as the solvent. It also discusses the minimization of energy consumption, both through the modification of the plant flowsheet and the set-up of the operating parameters.
The book offers a unique source of information for researchers and practitioners alike, as it also includes an economic analysis of the complete plant. Further, it will be of interest to all academics and students whose work involves reactive absorption-stripping design and the modelling of reactive absorption-stripping systems.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction
Abstract
This introductory chapter includes a discussion on the concept of pollution and a description of the relationship between the increase of the carbon dioxide emissions and the pollution of the four spheres of the Earth system, i.e., atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere and biosphere. A brief history of climate change is presented from a scientific and a political point of view. The carbon capture and storage technologies, considered as the most effective solutions for the immediate mitigation of the anthropological CO2 emissions, are introduced and described. In the end, the motivations and the objectives of the book are reported, together with a short summary of the different chapters.
Claudio Madeddu, Massimiliano Errico, Roberto Baratti
Chapter 2. Process Modeling in Aspen Plus®
Abstract
In this chapter, the implementation in Aspen Plus® of the CO2 post-combustion capture by reactive absorption-stripping process model is presented. Components and thermodynamics in the Properties Environment are considered in the first place. Then, in the Simulation environment, the set-up of the RadFrac™ model—Rate-Based mode, considered mandatory for this kind of process, is extensively described. The attention is especially focused on the appropriate definition of the rate-based model parameters needed for the discretization of the liquid film. A section is dedicated to the examination of the system fluid dynamics by means of the evaluation of the Peclet number and the number of segments analysis. In particular, it is highlighted how this procedure is of fundamental importance to obtain the correct solution of the resulting system of algebraic equations.
Claudio Madeddu, Massimiliano Errico, Roberto Baratti
Chapter 3. Model Validation for the Absorber
Abstract
In this chapter, the absorption section of two pilot-plant facilities, different in dimensions and operating conditions, is modeled. A discussion on the typical temperature bulge, which gives important indications on the behavior of the absorber, is reported. The Peclet number is evaluated for both the cases with reference to the material and the energy transport and to different characteristic lengths, highlighting that the columns have a plug-flow like behavior. Then, the number of segments analysis is performed in order to obtain the correct representation of the process and investigate the possible effect of the backmixing due to the countercurrent. The proposed model suitably describes the experimental data and particularly the temperature bulge, independently on its location.
Claudio Madeddu, Massimiliano Errico, Roberto Baratti
Chapter 4. Model Validation for the Stripper
Abstract
In this chapter, the stripping section is modeled and experimental data from two different pilot-plant facilities are used for the validation. In Aspen Plus®, two different sets of degrees of freedom are chosen for the two plants, in order to study the effect of the proposed procedure on the evaluation of the output streams features in one case and on the evaluation of the reboiler duty in the other case. After the Peclet number evaluation, the number of segments analysis is performed. The obtained model is able to describe correctly the experimental data, validating the proposed procedure for the stripper. Moreover, it is highlighted how a correct use of the software leads to a better estimation of the reboiler duty.
Claudio Madeddu, Massimiliano Errico, Roberto Baratti
Chapter 5. Absorption Section Design Analysis
Abstract
In this chapter, the design of the absorption section of an industrial CO2 post-combustion capture system using MEA as solvent is analyzed. After the process description, the gas and liquid feed streams are characterized. A two-steps procedure is adopted for the design. Initially, the minimum number of units and the minimum solvent flow rate are determined, then the role of the temperature bulge in the absorber design is discussed. The influence of the molar L/V ratio, which affects the amount of solvent to be used in the process, is studied by means of the analysis of the liquid temperature profiles. Then, the effective solvent flow rate and column dimensions are evaluated. The proposed design procedure for the absorber is proved to avoid the presence of isothermal zones in the column, guarantying the use of the entire packing.
Claudio Madeddu, Massimiliano Errico, Roberto Baratti
Chapter 6. Stripping Section Design Analysis
Abstract
The analysis of the stripping section design procedure of an industrial CO2-MEA post-combustion capture system is considered in this chapter. An alternative plant configuration without reflux is adopted with the aim of reducing the consumption of steam in the reboiler. Then, the most important operating parameters are described in detail. After the rich solvent characterization, the effect of the packing height on the reboiler duty and the column diameter is analyzed. Due to the impossibility to use the classic minimum and effective stripping agent design approach, a criterion for the definition of the stripper packing height based on the analysis of the liquid temperature gradient profiles is proposed.
Claudio Madeddu, Massimiliano Errico, Roberto Baratti
Chapter 7. Complete Flowsheet and Economic Evaluation
Abstract
In this chapter, the design of the cross heat-exchanger, which interconnects the absorption and the stripping section, is examined in the first place. In this context, the stripper feed temperature is discussed in relation to its influence on the reboiler duty. Then, the flowsheet is completed with the design of the section dedicated to the recovery of the solvent lost in the absorber exhaust gas and the introduction of the auxiliary equipment. The last part of the chapter is dedicated to the overall economic evaluation of the plant. In particular, the capital and the operating costs are determined and their impact on the total annual costs is discussed.
Claudio Madeddu, Massimiliano Errico, Roberto Baratti
Chapter 8. Conclusions
Abstract
The modeling of reactive absorption-stripping systems is known to be a challenging task, and even if sophisticated process simulators are available a high-level knowledge of the fundamental transfer and kinetics phenomena is essential.
Claudio Madeddu, Massimiliano Errico, Roberto Baratti
Metadata
Title
CO2 Capture by Reactive Absorption-Stripping
Authors
Ph.D. Claudio Madeddu
Assist. Prof. Massimiliano Errico
Roberto Baratti
Copyright Year
2019
Electronic ISBN
978-3-030-04579-1
Print ISBN
978-3-030-04578-4
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04579-1