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2017 | Supplement | Chapter

10. Coal

Author : Philip Crowson

Published in: Mining in the Asia-Pacific

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

This chapter looks at coal’s changing contribution to primary energy supplies in the Asia-Pacific Region, most notably in China. It then examines how coal’s uses in the region have evolved in recent decades and how they might change in the future, paying particular attention to steam and coking coals. Attention then moves to a discussion of the region’s domestic coal production, with a brief examination of the region's coal reserves. Although the region, as a whole, is largely self-sufficient, imports and exports in the coal trade are important. The main geographical origins and destinations of trade are described, before a discussion of the constraints, risks, and challenges faced both by domestic and foreign producers, as well as end-users of the product.

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Footnotes
1
This also is referred to as black coal, stone coal, coffee coal, and dark coal.
 
2
Vitrinite is a shiny glass-like material composed of the woody tissue from which coal was formed. Its reflectance is a measure of the percentage of incident light reflected from a polished surface. The higher the reflectance, the higher the thermal quality of coal.
 
3
The BP Statistical Review expresses primary energy consumption in million tonnes of oil equivalent (mtoe). In this chapter, all comparisons are given in million tonnes of coal equivalent (mtce). The conversion used is based on the relative calorific values of oil and coal given in IEA (2013), namely, oil at 41.868 gigajoules per tonne and coal at 29.3076 gigajoules per tonne.
 
4
These forecasts are expressed in quadrillion British Thermal Units (BTUs) and here, have been converted into mtce for convenience.
 
Literature
go back to reference Energy Information Agency. (2013). International energy outlook 2013. Report Number: DOE/EIA-0484. Washington: Energy Information Administration. Accessed 25 July 2013. Energy Information Agency. (2013). International energy outlook 2013. Report Number: DOE/EIA-0484. Washington: Energy Information Administration. Accessed 25 July 2013.
go back to reference International Energy Agency. (2013a). Coal information 2013. Paris. International Energy Agency. (2013a). Coal information 2013. Paris.
go back to reference International Energy Agency. (2013b). World energy balances 2013. Paris. International Energy Agency. (2013b). World energy balances 2013. Paris.
go back to reference International Energy Agency. (2013c). World energy statistics 2013. Paris. International Energy Agency. (2013c). World energy statistics 2013. Paris.
go back to reference Vivoda, V. (2014). Energy security in Japan. London: Ashgate. Vivoda, V. (2014). Energy security in Japan. London: Ashgate.
Metadata
Title
Coal
Author
Philip Crowson
Copyright Year
2017
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61395-6_10