Coir Fibers—Production, Properties and Applications

Coir fibers, extracted from the husk of coconuts, are highlighted for their exceptional mechanical strength, high lignin content, and resistance to microbial degradation. This chapter delves into the sources, physical and chemical characteristics, thermal properties, and mechanical behavior of coir fibers, as well as their surface treatments and future potential applications. The biological aspects of the coconut palm, including its varieties and growth conditions, are thoroughly discussed. The extraction processes of coir fibers, ranging from traditional retting to modern mechanical and microbial methods, are explored in detail. The chapter also examines the physical properties of coir fibers, such as their diameter, density, and aspect ratio, and how these properties influence their performance in composite materials. Chemical composition, including the presence of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, is analyzed, along with the impact of chemical treatments on fiber properties. The mechanical properties of coir fibers, including tensile strength and modulus, are discussed, highlighting the improvements achieved through surface modifications. Thermal characteristics and stability are assessed through thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, revealing the thermal degradation profiles and stability of coir fibers. The sound absorption properties of coir-based materials are also explored, emphasizing their effectiveness in noise management. The chapter concludes by discussing the ecological effects and sustainability of coir fibers, as well as the challenges and research gaps in their application. This comprehensive overview provides valuable insights into the potential of coir fibers as a sustainable and high-performance material in various industries.