Comparative Analysis Between Three-Dimensional Flow of Water Conveying Alumina Nanoparticles and Water Conveying Alumina–Iron(III) Oxide Nanoparticles in the Presence of Lorentz Force

In the manufacturing companies of the hybrid-powered engine, little is known on the significance of adding iron(III) oxide nanoparticles to an existing alumina–water nanofluid in the presence of Lorentz force. This study presents the three-dimensional flow of water conveying alumina nanoparticles and water conveying alumina/iron(III) oxide nanoparticles within the thin boundary layer formed on a bidirectional linearly stretchable surface. The governing equation that models the transport phenomena was non-dimensionalized and parameterized using the suitable similarity variables. The boundary value problem of the corresponding ordinary differential equation was solved numerically. The technique of slope of the linear regression through the data point was adopted to quantify the observed results. The results of this study show that the addition of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles to Al₂O₃–water nanofluid slightly reduces the motion of the flow at all points from the wall to the free stream. However, the temperature distribution across the flow may be improved. The two components of velocity for the motion of both fluids along x-direction and y-direction increase and decreases across the fluid domain, respectively, when Lorentz force is minimum and maximum due to the significance of stretching rate that is predominant along y-direction. When the stretching rate is small, the maximum velocity along x-direction is ascertained in the flow of nanofluid. Skin friction coefficients in the flow along both directions decrease with both Lorentz force and stretching rate.