16. Comparative Analysis of Weir Plan Forms and Their Discharge Characteristics

This manuscript offers a comprehensive review of the discharge characteristics and a comparative analysis of various weir plan forms, essential components of hydraulic engineering systems. Weirs plays a pivotal role in controlling and diverting water flow in rivers, canals, and various water management applications. Understanding their performance under different plan forms is crucial for effective water resource management and environmental preservation. The review delves into the key aspects of various weir plan forms, including rectangular, trapezoidal, triangular, and compound shapes. It explores how each plan form influences the discharge capacity, flow patterns, and hydraulic efficiency of the weir structure. Additionally, the review examines the advantages, limitations, and practical considerations associated with each plan form, highlighting the trade-offs that engineers and decision-makers must consider in weir design and operation. Through a comparative analysis, the review sheds light on the factors that govern the selection of a particular weir plan form based on project objectives, site conditions, and environmental considerations. It discusses the impact of weir geometry, crest shape, submergence, and other design parameters on discharge characteristics. Moreover, the review provides insights into the advancements in computational tools and modeling techniques that aid in predicting and optimizing weir performance. This review aims to serve as a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and policymakers involved in hydraulic engineering projects and water resource management. By synthesizing existing knowledge and presenting a comprehensive overview of different weir plan forms, it facilitates informed decision-making and the development of sustainable water management solutions.