Comparative Life Cycle Analysis of Electrolysis Hydrogen Production from Diverse Green Energy Sources

This chapter presents a detailed comparative life cycle analysis of green hydrogen production through electrolysis, powered by diverse renewable energy sources in Portugal. The study meticulously examines the environmental impacts of hydrogen production using hydropower, wind, solar, and the national electricity grid mix, providing a comprehensive assessment of each scenario's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and overall environmental performance. The analysis reveals that hydropower offers the lowest GWP impact, followed by wind and solar, while the grid mix scenario, though higher, still outperforms conventional steam methane reforming methods. The chapter underscores the importance of optimizing electrolyzer technology and operational conditions to minimize environmental impacts and maximize the sustainability of hydrogen production. By comparing these scenarios, the study offers valuable insights into the most environmentally friendly and efficient methods for green hydrogen production, contributing to the global effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and transition away from fossil fuels.