Skip to main content
Disciplines
Automotive Business IT + Informatics Construction + Real Estate Electrical Engineering + Electronics Energy + Sustainability Insurance + Risk Finance + Banking Management + Leadership Marketing + Sales Mechanical Engineering + Materials
Events
DE
EN
Books
Journals
Start single access now
Request access for companies
EXTENDED SEARCH
Log in
Top

Hint

Swipe to navigate through the chapters of this book

Published in:
A Human Security Perspective on Cybersecurity in the European High North Read chapter Read first chapter

2020 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

2. Comprehensive Cybersecurity and Human Rights in the Digitalising European High North

Authors : Mirva Salminen, Gerald Zojer, Kamrul Hossain

Published in: Digitalisation and Human Security

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Log in

Abstract

This chapter presents the interconnection between ever-advancing digitalisation, cybersecurity, human security and human rights in the European High North. While digitalisation brings forth multiple opportunities for individuals and communities in the area, it also generates concerns to them. Mainstream cybersecurity approaches neglect many of people’s everyday concerns. Therefore, the authors claim, a human security approach to cybersecurity provides a more inclusive understanding of both the enabling and constraining effects of digitalisation by deepening and widening the prevailing conceptualisations. They back their argument by highlighting the interconnection of human security and human rights. Such an approach places individuals and communities to the heart of cybersecurity and examines the changes that digitalisation generates in their everyday life.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now
previous chapter A Human Security Perspective on Cybersecurity in the European High North
next chapter The New Frontier for Human Cybersecurity: Russia’s Cybersecurity Policies in the Arctic
Footnotes
1
The DESI is a composite index that summarises the relevant indicators into five dimensions: connectivity, human capital, use of internet services, integration of digital technology and digital public services. It is intended to observe Europe’s digital performance and to track the evolution of EU member states in terms of digital competitiveness (DESI, 2019). More information about the methodology used is available on the website.
 
2
The Digital Transformation Scoreboard for 2018 “surveyed EU companies […], screened national policies and analysed in a macro-perspective approach a wide range of national data sourced from Eurostat, national statistics offices and international organisations” and, further, it analysed “information collected online from open sources including online press, blogs, corporate web sites, social media, forums, broadcast television” (Digital Transformation Scoreboard, 2018, n.p.).
 
3
Troms and Finnmark will merge into one county on 1st January 2020. At the time of writing, however, they are two independent counties.
 
4
Data collected in November 2018 in Enontekiö by Mirva Salminen for another article (case study).
 
5
Digital transformation is, according to the strategy, said to mean that “an increasing proportion of all activities in society is to varying degrees dependent on networks and information systems, and thereby on cyber security” (Swedish National Cyber Security Strategy, 2016, p. 4).
 
6
A backdoor is a software aspect that allows access to the device on which the software is running by bypassing its security means.
 
7
A zero-day exploit refers to exploiting a software security vulnerability on the first day it is discovered/before a security patch has been developed and disseminated, or before it has been updated for devices running that software.
 
8
The NSA’s website describes it as leading “the U.S. Government in cryptology that encompasses both signals intelligence (SIGINT) and information assurance (now referred to as cybersecurity) products and services, and enable[ing] computer network operations (CNO) in order to gain a decision advantage for the Nation and [its] allies under all circumstances” (https://​www.​nsa.​gov/​about/​mission-values/​).
 
9
Data collected in November 2018 in Enontekiö by Mirva Salminen for another article (case study).
 
Literature
Alkire, S. (2002). Conceptual framework for human security (CRISE Working Paper 1(2)). Centre for Research on Inequality, Human Security and Ethnicity, University of Oxford.
Buzan, B., Wæver, O., & de Wilde, J. (1998). Security: A new framework for analysis. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
Carr, M. (2012). The political history of the internet: A theoretical approach to the implications for U.S. Power. In S. S. Costigan & J. Perry (Eds.), Cyberspaces and global affairs (pp. 173–188). Farnham: Ashgate.
Cavelty, M. D. (2014). Breaking the cyber-security dilemma: Aligning security needs and removing vulnerabilities. Science and Engineering Ethics, 20(3), 701–715.
Commission on Human Security. (2003). Human security now. New York, NY: United Nations.
de Oliveira Albuquerque, R., Garcia Villalba, L. J., Sandoval Orozco, A. L., de Sousa, R. T., Jr., & Kim, T. H. (2016). Leveraging information security and computational trust for cybersecurity. The Journal of Supercomputing, 72(10), 3729–3763. CrossRef
Dymet, M. (2019). Digital language divide in the European High North: The level of online presence of minority languages from Northern Finland, Norway and Sweden. The Yearbook of Polar Law, 10, 247–274.
Floyd, R. (2007). Human security and the Copenhagen school’s securitization approach. Human Security Journal, 5, 38–49.
Franklin, M. I. (2019). Human rights futures for the internet. In B. Wagner, M. Kettemann, & K. Vieth (Eds.), Research handbook on human rights and digital technology. Global politics, law and international relations (pp. 5–23). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Gasper, D. (2014). Human security: From definitions to investigating a discourse. In M. Martin & T. Owen (Eds.), Routledge handbook of human security (pp. 28–42). London and New York, NY: Routledge/Taylor Francis Group.
Heinämäki, L. (2010). The right to be a part of nature—Indigenous peoples and the environment. Acta Universitatis Lapponiensis 180. Rovaniemi: Lapland University Press.
Heininen, L. (2013a). “Politicization” of the environment, and environmental politics and security in the Circumpolar North. In B. S. Zellen (Ed.), The fast-changing Arctic: Rethinking Arctic security for a warmer world (pp. 35–55). Calgary: University of Calgary Press. CrossRef
Heininen, L. (2013b). Security in the Arctic. In N. Loukacheva (Ed.), Polar law textbook II (pp. 37–52). Copenhagen: Norden.
Hildebrandt, M. (2013). Balance or trade-off? Online security technologies and fundamental rights. Philosophy & Technology, 26(4), 357–379. CrossRef
Hoogensen Gjørv, G., Bazely, D. R., Goloviznina, M., & Tanentzap, A. J. (Eds.). (2014). Environmental and human security in the Arctic. London and New York, NY: Earthscan from Routledge.
Hossain, K. (2019). The evolving information-based society and its influence on traditional culture: Framing community culture and human security of the Sámi in the European High North. The Yearbook of Polar Law, 10, 275–296. CrossRef
Howard-Hassmann, R. E. (2012). Human security: Undermining human rights? Human Rights Quarterly, 34, 88–112. CrossRef
Keskitalo, E. C. H., & Southcott, C. (2014). Globalization. In J. Nymand Larsen & G. Fondahl (Eds.), Arctic human development report: Regional processes and global linkages (pp. 397–422). Copenhagen: Nordic Council of Ministers.
Kilpeläinen, A. (2016). Teknologiavälitteisyys kyläläisten arjessa. Tutkimus ikääntyvien sivukylien teknologiavälitteisyydestä ja sen rajapinnoista maaseutusosiaalityöhön [Technology mediatedness in the everyday life of people living in rural villages. A study of technology mediatedness in ageing villages and interfaces with social work in the countryside]. Acta Universitatis Lapponiensis 316. Rovaniemi: University of Lapland Press.
Kotituomi, S., Huju, M., Kulmala, R., & Lahtela, A. (2019). Selvitys Porokello-varoitusjärjestelmän vaikutuksista [Impact evaluation of the Porokello alert service]. Traficomin tutkimuksia ja selvityksiä 9/2019 [Traficom Research Reports 9/2019].
Kurtti, T., & Berg, K.-M. (2018). Digitalisation among NGOs—The case of the Toimeksi.fi online service. In K. Hossain & A. Petrétei (Eds.), Unconventional aspects of human security in the Arctic—Cases from the Barents Region (pp. 100–128). Juridica Lapponica 45. Rovaniemi: University of Lapland. http://​urn.​fi/​URN:​ISBN:​978-952-337-122-4.
Laakso, V., & Terävä, H. (2019, June 26). Netti syö kasvavalla tahdilla sähköä ja suurin syyllinen ovat nettivideot – “Epämiellyttävä totuus, josta ei haluta puhua” [Internet consumes electricity at an increasing rate and videos are the guilty party—“An unpleasant truth nobody wants to talk about”]. YLE. Retrieved from https://​yle.​fi/​uutiset/​3-10832413.
Maréchal, N. (2015). Ranking digital rights: Human rights, the internet and the fifth estate. International Journal of Communication, 9, 3440–3449.
Martin, M., & Owen, T. (2014). Introduction. In M. Martin & T. Owen (Eds.), Routledge handbook of human security (pp. 1–14). London and New York, NY: Routledge/Taylor Francis Group.
Mathisen, S. R. (2010). Indigenous spirituality in the touristic borderzone: Virtual performances of Sámi shamanism in Sápmi Park. The Finnish Society for the Study of Religion, 46(1), 53–72.
McSweeney, B. (1999). Security, identity, and interests: A sociology of international relations. Cambridge and New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Mearsheimer, J. J. (2014). The tragedy of great power politics (Updated ed.). New York, NY: W. W. Norton.
Mesch, G. S. (2012). Minority status and the use of computer-mediated communication: A test of the social diversification hypothesis. Communication Research, 39(3), 317–337. CrossRef
Päläs, J., & Salminen, M. (2019). Alustan asiakkaan vastuusta ja vastuuttamisesta yksilöturvallisuuden tuottamisessa – sopimusoikeudellinen näkökulma kyberturvallisuuteen jakamistaloudessa [Responsibility and responsibilisation of the platform user in the production of individual security—A contract law perspective to cybersecurity in sharing economy]. In J. Päläs & K. Määttä (Eds.), Jakamistalousjuridiikan käsikirja [Handbook of sharing economy and law] (pp. 319–380). Helsinki: Alma Talent.
Rätti, O., & Wallén, H. (2017). Porotalouden digitalisoituminen. Loppuraportti [Digitalisation of reindeer husbandry. Final report]. Lapin yliopiston Arktinen keskus & Saamelaisalueen koulutuskeskus.
Romany, C., & Chu, J. (2004). Affirmative action in international human rights law: A critical perspective of its normative assumptions. Connecticut Law Review, 36, 831–870.
Salminen, M. (2018). Digital security in the Barents Region. In K. Hossain & D. Cambou (Eds.), Society, environment and human security in the Arctic Barents Region (pp. 187–204). Abingdon: Routledge. CrossRef
Salminen, M. (2019). Refocusing and redefining cybersecurity: Individual security in the digitalising European High North. The Yearbook of Polar Law, 10, 321–356. CrossRef
Schou, J., & Hjelholt, M. (2018). Digitalization and public sector transformations. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. CrossRef
Sen, A. (2014). Birth of a discourse. In M. Martin & T. Owen (Eds.), Routledge handbook of human security (pp. 17–27). London and New York, NY: Routledge/Taylor Francis Group.
Smith, P. S. (2012). Imprisonment and internet-access human rights, the principle of normalization and the question of prisoners’ access to digital communications technology. Nordic Journal of Human Rights, 30(4), 454–482.
Taddeo, M. (2013). Cyber security and individual rights, striking the right balance. Philosophy and Technology, 26(4), 353–357. CrossRef
Tadjbakhsh, S. (2014). In defense of the broad view of human security. In M. Martin & T. Owen (Eds.), Routledge handbook of human security (pp. 43–57). London and New York, NY: Routledge/Taylor Francis Group.
Takkunen, J., & Ortamo, S. (2018, December 22). Euroopan elektroniikkajäte kertyy Ghanan romupihoille – Baba Adi lajittelee tietokoneita ja vaarantaa terveytensä, koska romu tuo rahaa [Electronic waste from Europe piles up on the junkyards of Ghana—Baba Adi sorts computers and risks his life because scrap turns into money]. YLE. Retrieved from https://​yle.​fi/​uutiset/​3-10472211.
Tamnes, R., & Offerdal, K. (Eds.). (2014). Geopolitics and security in the Arctic: Regional dynamics in a global world. Oxford and New York, NY: Routledge.
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). (1994). Human development report 1994. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. CrossRef
United Nations Human Rights Council (2018). The promotion, protection and enjoyment of human rights on the Internet. General Assembly. No. 38. A/HRC/38/L.10/Rev.1. July 4, 2018.
United Nations Secretary General. (2005). In larger freedom: Towards development, security and human rights for all. Report of the Secretary-General, A/59/2005.
Waltz, K. N. (2010). Theory of international politics. Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press.
Webster, F. (2006). Theories of the information society (3rd ed.). Abingdon: Routledge.
Zambianchi, M., Rönnlund, M., & Grazia Carelli, M. (2019). Attitudes towards and use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) among older adults in Italy and Sweden: The influence of cultural context, socio-demographic factors, and time perspective. Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, 1–16. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s10823-019-09370-y.
Zojer, G. (2019b). Free and open source software as a contribution to digital security in the Arctic. Arctic Yearbook, 173–188.
Metadata
Title
Comprehensive Cybersecurity and Human Rights in the Digitalising European High North
Authors
Mirva Salminen
Gerald Zojer
Kamrul Hossain
Copyright Year
2020
Book
Digitalisation and Human Security

Print ISBN: 978-3-030-48069-1

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-48070-7

Copyright Year: 2020

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48070-7_2

Premium Partner