Computational and Information Technologies in Science, Engineering and Education

The paper presents the results of the elaboration of algorithms of image segmentation and segmentation of the surface based on the calculation of the local geometric properties of the surface (the method of the segmentation of the point cloud obtained at the stage of rough scanning of the surface). The problem of reconstructing a surface from a spontaneous point cloud has been solved to create a CAD model based on laser based scan data of the object. The development of the method of automatic reconstruction of accurate and piecewise smooth surfaces from spontaneous 3D-points were carried out for designing an automatic system of path planning for an industrial robot manipulator. The proposed procedure of automatic segmentation is based on the local analysis of the Gaussian K and mean H curvatures, obtained by applying a non-parametric analytical model.

The motivation for the research was the challenges faced in developing the robotic microplasma spraying technology for applying coatings from biocompatible materials onto medical implants of complex shape. Our task is to provide microplasmatron movement according to the complex trajectory during the surface treatment by microplasma and to solve the problem of choosing the speed of the microplasmatron movement, so as not to cause melting of the coating. The aim of this work was to elaborate mathematical modeling of temperature fields in two-layer heat absorbers: coating-substrate depending on the velocity of microplasmatron with a constant power density. A mathematical model has been developed for the distribution of temperature in two-layer absorbers when heated by a moving source and the heat equation with nonlinear coefficients has been solved by numerical methods.

The following work proposes an estimation procedure of risks based on the calculation modeling action of concentration of the environmental exposure thrown into atmosphere by industrial enterprises with consideration for atmosphere perseverance category and wind rose in the region. The information system of risk assessment employing the suggested mathematical model for computation of environmental hazards is described in the article.

The information system has client/server architecture and uses OLAP technology to get the necessary information. The received data on Ust-Kamenogorsk allowed the authors to analyze the weighting risk coefficient effect on per unit value of environmental threat. The calculation is performed for the city of Ust-Kamenogorsk.

The article deals with construction of the ontological model to provide knowledge transfer between universities. It discusses a need to consider requirements of the professional standard for a specialist and labor market demand in process of educational programs design. Ontological and modular-competence approaches were used to simulate the mapping of competences. An ontological model of the professional competence standard was developed. The information model distributed knowledge database in the university consists of the ontology educational programs, the ontology of professional competencies demanded in the regional labor market and the ontology of scientific knowledge in the university. Classes taxonomy of the developed ontological model of professional competences is presented. The method of analyzing hierarchies was used to assess the conformity of learning outcomes with the functional requirements of labor market.

Integration of SmartTran software with a SCADA system allows real-time simulation, monitoring and optimization of oil pumping through main oil pipelines of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The results of the digital technology development to control oil transportation along the main oil pipelines of the Republic of Kazakhstan using the SmartTran software are presented. The calculations results of pumping modes prove the economic efficiency of digital technology implementation.

The article describes the IT infrastructure for implementing e-health based on the development of standards that determine the feasibility of realization a service-oriented architecture. This IT infrastructure provides full interoperability between information systems involved in supporting healthcare processes. Particular attention was paid to the introduction, use and features of a unified health information system. Also features of architectural models and management characteristic for e-health of Kazakhstan are described. The functional and architecture of e-health information systems are considered; the proposed conceptual functional architecture for health care; architecture of software and hardware for e-health.

Information systems of innovation management are an important component of cluster organization infrastructure. The creation of such systems involves working with a wide range of commercial information resources. These resources are often used to form thematic databases designed to meet the information needs of cluster organizations. It is highly relevant to find the topology of an information processing system which would minimize overall operational costs for information support of innovative cluster activities. The paper presents the mathematical statement of the problem concerning forming optimal topology of such system. It is shown that finding optimal topology of a distributed information processing system can be reduced to solving the problem of integer linear programming, which would allow minimizing the system operation costs.

Development process of combined trajectories, in places of joining conic arcs, undesirable intermittent effects inevitably arise due to the second-order non-smoothness. A second order tangency is considered taking into account the curvature and the equality condition of the arcs curvature radii to be joined at the conjugation points. A kinematic method for determining joints on the basis of a rocker mechanism is given, which ensures smooth joints.

The article presents a three-dimensional solid-state computational model, as well as the results of stress-strain state analysis of feed elements rods of vibroscreen. An algorithm for solving the problem numerically using the finite element method is proposed. The obtained results were used at the designing stage of the platform with feed elements for industrial vibroscreen and subsequently confirmed in work in a real experiment. The stress-strain state of feed elements rods was analyzed for various bulk materials, conditionally designated A and B, sorted by vibrating screen, where feed elements were mounted. These materials, in screening process with varying strength, acted on feed elements rods, the parameters of which did not change for the flow of various bulk materials. Rods perceived this load pressing in different ways, which was shown by the finite element analysis.

Taking into account the high rate of construction in the modern big cities, it is very important to save the natural aerodynamics between the buildings. It is necessary to explore the ventilation of space between architectural structures, making a preliminary prediction before construction starting. The most optimal way of evaluating is to build a mathematical model of air flow. This paper presents numerical solutions of the wind flow around the architectural obstacles with the vertical buoyancy forces. An incompressible Navier-Stokes equation is used to describe this process. This system is approximated by the control volume method and solved numerically by the projection method. The Poisson equation that is satisfying the discrete continuity equation solved by the Jacobi iterative method at each time step. For check correctness of mathematical model and numerical algorithm is solved test problem. The numerical solutions of the backward-facing step flow with the vertical buoyancy forces, which was compared with the numerical results of other authors. This numerical algorithm is completely parallelized using various geometric domain decompositions (1D, 2D and 3D). Preliminary theoretical analysis of the various decomposition methods effectiveness of the computational domain and real computational experiments for this problem were made and the best domain decomposition method was determined. In the future, a proven mathematical model and parallelized numerical algorithm with the best domain decomposition method can be applied for various complex flows with the vertical buoyancy forces.

This paper presents computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques in modeling the pollution distribution from thermal power plant. Carbon dioxide (\(CO_{2}\)) dispersion from a thermal power plant was simulated. The mathematical model and numerical algorithm were tested using a test problem and gave a good match with the experimental data. The influence of gravity force was taken into account. The k-epsilon model of turbulence with the buoyancy force was used. Calculations were performed by ANSYS Fluent. As a result, there was found a distance from the source at which the impurity settles on the ground surface.

The safety on the urban environment is the most urgent problem of the modern world. A promising avenue for solving this problem is the development of effective monitoring systems, whose mathematical support is based on the application of numerical algorithms for modeling the spread of a pollutant, that evaluate the state of the system in real time [1, 2]. In data assimilation tasks, it is required to predict the value of the model state function in accordance with available observational data, that is, to estimate the “real” state of the system using a mathematical model, a priori information and measurement data. The variational principle of constructing numerical schemes is used in this paper [1, 3]. Numerical experiments were carried out.

The approach to the development of informational computer technologies for the interactive learning of sign language which use 3D model human expart of sign language is proposed. Methods for modeling fingerspelling information and it’s recognizing uses convolution neural networks are created. The implementation of these methods under the operating system Microsoft Windows and on the cross-platform technology have been developed. Methods and software for gestures modeling base on 3D human model and using Motion Capture technology are created.

Based on the conceptual model of the information system, which provides an abstract representation of entities and relationships (connections between entities), support is provided for the architecture of a universal information system related to a particular area of scientific knowledge.

The conceptual model includes the basic entities: actors (persons, actors, organizations and other subjects of activity, including computer applications). An essential component of the conceptual model are documents, publications, dictionary articles, key terms, data and other objects of activity, including facts - a special kind of document. In turn, facts are understood as characteristics of entities described in the ontology of the information system, represented as a single value of data.

The paper presents mathematical and simulation models of the technological process of underground coal mining in one of the coal mines in Kuznetsk Coal Basin. The simulation model is developed with the help of our own simulation system MTSS, which contains a specialized library of mining equipment models and a coal seam model. The main goal of the simulation for coal mining technological processes in stoping face is the evaluation of productivity of a cutter-loader depending on different factors. Such factors are: technical parameters of a cutter-loader, size of a longwall face, conditions and constrains of technological processes in stoping face, geophysical state of a coal seam.

The system of environmental monitoring in Almaty is a collection of data without analysis and processing, without identifying sources of pollution. An urgent solution to this problem is to expand the system of environmental monitoring of the city, since the foothill zone of Almaty is characterized by extremely weak resources for self-cleaning the atmosphere. When developing an information system to optimize the monitoring of atmospheric air pollution by heavy metals, the key stage is the collection, processing and structuring of data [1, 2]. The object of research is the air of the surface layer of Almaty, selected at the monitoring posts for the pollution of the air monitoring network. In the course of the research, a selection of sites for air sampling and determination of heavy metals in the samples was carried out. The received data were structured and prepared for inclusion in the created database and further complex mathematical calculations. Technical requirements and limitations to the information system are given.

Over recent years, substantial efforts have been made to develop technologies for the flame 3D reconstruction and characterization. Among those, the digital image based on tomographic technique has received great attention due to its clear advantages over other approaches. The technology of digital image appeared to be the most suitable for the 3D measurement of flame in practical furnace. Digital image-based tomography of flame can be achieved using either a single camera or multi-camera set-up. Although the single camera approach is simple in structure and low in cost, it can only be applied under strict conditions where the flame is steady and has a high level of rotational symmetry. For the more accurate reconstruction of unsteady and asymmetric flame, a multi-camera system has to be employed. The process of capturing the light from a combustion flame onto an imaging sensor is physically equivalent to a Radon transformation where a 2D flame cross-section undergoes transformation to produce a 1D section projection. Consequently, the reconstruction of a flame cross-section from its multiple 1D projections turns out to be the inverse Radon transformation. Among the majority of currently known multi-camera optical pyrometry methods for temperature field reconstructing, the back-projection algorithm is used for Radon inverse transformation. At the same time, the back-projection algorithm is known to have a low accuracy of restoring the original distribution. The purpose of this report is a study of the algebraic approach possibilities to numerical Radon inverse transformation. We hope that the proposed method can be useful in the process of the 3D image temperature field reconstructing.

The purpose of the paper is to obtain an analytic solution of the boundary-value problem for the system of nonlinear partial differential equations that model magnetohydrodynamic perturbations in a layer of perfect electrically conducting rotating fluid bounded by space- and time-varying surfaces with due account of the dissipative factors of the magnetic field diffusion, the inertia forces, and the Coriolis force.

We construct an exact solution of the reduced nonlinear equations that describes the propagation of waves of finite amplitude in an infinite horizontally extended electrically conducting fluid when the surface bounding the layer has approximatively constant gradient over distances of the order of the wavelength.

The present work explores nonparametric clustering algorithm HCA-MS. The combination of grid-based approach and Mean shift procedure allows the algorithm to discover arbitrary shaped clusters and to process large datasets, such as images. Parallel implementation of the HCA-MS algorithm on NVIDIA GPU using CUDA platform is presented. Provided experimental results on model data and multispectral images confirm the efficiency of the considered algorithm and its parallel implementation. The computation speedup on images was shown to be about 20x compared to 4 core CPU.

In this paper we consider acoustic equation. The equation by separation of variables is reduced to a boundary value problem for the Helmholtz equation. We consider problem for the Helmholtz equation. We reduce the solution of the operator equation to the problem of minimizing the functional. And we build numerical algorithm for solving the inverse problem. At the end of the article is given the numerical calculations of this problem.

This paper is devoted to the construction and investigation of difference schemes for equations describing the motion of a viscous incompressible fluid in natural “velocity vector - pressure” variables. Much attention is paid to the implicit difference iterative schemes developed on the basis of the idea of “weak compressibility”.

Mathematical problems arising when studying the motion of a viscous incompressible fluid are of current importance both in the theoretical plan and in the study of specific models used in mechanics, physics, and other natural sciences to describe real processes. The processes associated with the flow of a viscous incompressible fluid are successfully described by the Navier-Stokes equations. These systems of equations are nonlinear, do not belong to the evolutionary Cauchy-Kovalevskaya type. The absence of a boundary condition for the pressure on the solid walls of the region under consideration, where the values for the velocity vector components and the small parameter for the higher derivatives are given also lead to technological difficulties. These circumstances certainly complicate the search for analytical solutions of such systems of equations, and with the current state of mathematics they can be solved only by computational methods.

Underground coal gasification is an in-situ underground physical and chemical process which converts coal into combustible gases using injections of free or bound oxygen. The paper presents two dimensional nonstationary mathematical model of underground gas generator performance based on flux method. It takes into account physical, chemical and gas dynamic processes. Gas medium consists of the following gases: \(CH_4\), \(H_2\), CO, \(O_2\), \(H_2O\), \(N_2\). The research shows the numerical calculations of gas composition change inside the gas generator describing table values of brown and bituminous coal combustion products. abstract environment.

Finite-element method is applied to numerical simulation of loose soil erosion process. Adapted triangle grid is used to provide agreement with the time-varying mud line. The test cases are presented for some parameters of soil erosion model such as density and particle diameter. The results of computation demonstrate the vital difference between algorithms without restructuring of the grid and in case of applying it.

The paper studies a model of the gaslift process where the motion in a gas-lift well is described by partial differential equations. The system describing the studied process consists of equations of motion, continuity, equations of thermodynamic state, and concentration equation. A finite-difference scheme is constructed for the numerical solution of the problem. Because of the complexity of the motion equation, two simplified difference analogues for this equation are considered. The stability of these equations are investigated using the method of a priori estimates. The estimates obtained will be used for proving the stability of the whole difference scheme in future works.