5. Computational Intelligence for Simulating a LiDAR Sensor

In this chapter, an overview of some of the most commonly computational intelligence techniques used to provide new capabilities to sensor networks in Cyber-Physical and Internet-of-Things environments, and for verifying and evaluating the reliability issues of sensor networks is presented. Nowadays, on-chip Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) concept has driven a great technological challenge into sensor networks application for Cyber-Physical and Internet-of-Things systems. Therefore, the modelling and simulation of a LiDAR sensor networks is also included in this chapter that is structured as follows. First, a brief description of the theoretical modelling of the mathematical principle of operation is outlined. Subsequently, a review of the state-of-the-art of computational intelligence techniques in sensor system simulations is explained. Likewise, a use case of applying computational intelligence techniques to LiDAR sensor networks in a Cyber-Physical System environment is presented. In this use case, a model library with four specific artificial intelligence-based methods is also designed based on sensory information database provided by the LiDAR simulation. Some of them are multi-layer perceptron neural network, a self-organization map, a support vector machine, and a k-nearest neighbour. The results demonstrate the suitability of using computational intelligence methods to increase the reliability of sensor networks when addressing the key challenges of safety and security in automotive applications.