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2018 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

10. Concluding Remarks

Author : Eiichi Tomiura

Published in: Cross-Border Outsourcing and Boundaries of Japanese Firms

Publisher: Springer Singapore

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Abstract

This chapter offers concluding comments based on our research results. However, we design this chapter not as a convenient summary list of our findings. We try to derive broad policy implications from our micro-data analyses. We also discuss issues not addressed in our research.

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previous chapter Barriers to Cross-Border Outsourcing

Hummels (2007) reviewed the historical changes in costs of trading goods.

See Bhagwati and Blinder (2009) as an example of debates on the impact on the U.S. Though it was provocative, Blinder (2009) squarely calculated the number of workers potentially affected by offshoring.

Inspired by the use of transaction-level micro-data of exports and imports from custom clearance for international trade research, we could imagine the possibility that collecting transaction-level data of individual outsourcing contracts might be a solution in the long run.

Friedman (2016), after his own best-seller book Friedman (2005) on the emergence of cross-border outsourcing and its impact on the world, updates his account by referring to accelerating speed of technological progress, especially the spread of social networking services, and emphasizes somewhat ironically the importance of “being late” for reflection and thinking.

In the most recent report World Robotics 2017 Industrial Robots, Japan is ranked as the fourth in 2016 after South Korea, Singapore, and Germany. China is by far the top in terms of the number of robots.

Baker and Hubbard (2004) directly analyzed the impact of new technology on governance, though not in the international context.

Blum and Goldfarb (2006), on the other hand, found that the gravity model satisfactorily explains online trade through the Internet, indicating a persistent effect of geographical distance or cultural difference. Leamer (2007) emphasized that innovation and education are critical in resisting the relation-free standardization toward the borderless world.

Title: Concluding Remarks
Author: Eiichi Tomiura
Publisher: Springer Singapore
Book: Cross-Border Outsourcing and Boundaries of Japanese Firms
Print ISBN: 978-981-13-0034-9

Electronic ISBN: 978-981-13-0035-6

Copyright Year: 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0035-6_10