7. Conclusion: The BRICS Order in the Making

Through analyzing the four conflict case studies (Libya, Syria, Ukraine and South Sudan) and the BRICS response to them, it is apparent that the grouping is actively shaping the current security order. Western-preferred outcomes (removal of Assad, isolation of Russia) have been actively prevented by BRICS. This concluding chapter provides a cross-case overview of response types combined with an analysis of input variables explaining the choice for particular responses. In total the study consists of 20 observable responses to four conflicts. In most cases BRICS countries responded cooperatively within existing multilateral structures. Only in three instances can we observe hegemonic or neo-imperial behavior. IBSA (India, Brazil, South Africa) countries in all cases are responding cooperatively to conflicts. Only Russia and China also resort to more coercive means of foreign policy. On average the response to armed conflict becomes the stronger the closer countries are to conflict and the more power capabilities are readily available. Economic interests or normative concerns do not lead with certainty to a particular outcome.