Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Cognitive Computation 3/2012

01-09-2012

Connotation in Computational Creativity

Author: Colin G. Johnson

Published in: Cognitive Computation | Issue 3/2012

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Computational creativity is the application of computers to perform tasks that would be regarded as creative if performed by humans. One approach to computational creativity is to regard it as a search process, where some conceptual space is searched, and perhaps transformed, to find an outcome that would be regarded as creative. Typically, such search processes have been guided by one or more objective functions that judge how creative each solution is on one or more dimensions. This paper introduces a contrasting approach, which is search based on the idea of connotations. Rather than exploring a space constructed solely of potential outcomes, a larger space is explored consisting of such outcomes together with other relevant information. This allows us to define search processes that include a more exploratory process, out of which an outcome emerges via density of connotations. Both the general principles behind this and some specific ideas are explored.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Footnotes
1
For a general discussion of the search stance in AI see any standard AI text such as Russell and Norvig [1].
 
Literature
1.
go back to reference Russell S, Norvig P. Artificial intelligence: a modern approach. 3rd ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall; 2009. Russell S, Norvig P. Artificial intelligence: a modern approach. 3rd ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall; 2009.
3.
go back to reference Colton S, López de Mántaras R, Stock O. Computational creativity: coming of age. AI Mag. 2009;30(3):11–14. Colton S, López de Mántaras R, Stock O. Computational creativity: coming of age. AI Mag. 2009;30(3):11–14.
4.
go back to reference Newell A, Shaw JG, Simon HA. The process of creative thinking. In: Gruber HE, Terrell G, Wertheimer M, editors. Contemporary Approaches to Creative Thinking. New York: Atherton; 1963. p. 63–119. Newell A, Shaw JG, Simon HA. The process of creative thinking. In: Gruber HE, Terrell G, Wertheimer M, editors. Contemporary Approaches to Creative Thinking. New York: Atherton; 1963. p. 63–119.
6.
go back to reference Duch W. Computational creativity. In: Proceedings of the 2006 World congress on computational intelligence; 2006. p. 1162–1169. Duch W. Computational creativity. In: Proceedings of the 2006 World congress on computational intelligence; 2006. p. 1162–1169.
8.
go back to reference Cohen H. The further exploits of AARON, painter. Stanford Humanities Rev. 1995;4(2). Cohen H. The further exploits of AARON, painter. Stanford Humanities Rev. 1995;4(2).
9.
go back to reference Eigenfeldt A, Pasquier P. Negotiated content: generative soundscape composition by autonomous musical agents in coming together: freesound. In: Ventura D, Gervás P, Harrell DF, Maher ML, Pease A, Wiggins G, editors. Proceedings of the second international conference on computational creativity; 2011. p. 27–32. Available at http://iccc11.cua.uam.mx/proceedings/index.html. Eigenfeldt A, Pasquier P. Negotiated content: generative soundscape composition by autonomous musical agents in coming together: freesound. In: Ventura D, Gervás P, Harrell DF, Maher ML, Pease A, Wiggins G, editors. Proceedings of the second international conference on computational creativity; 2011. p. 27–32. Available at http://​iccc11.​cua.​uam.​mx/​proceedings/​index.​html.
10.
go back to reference Whorley R, Wiggins G, Rhodes C, Pearce M. Development of techniques for the computational modelling of harmony. In: Ventura D, Pease A, Pérez y Pérez R, Ritchie G, Veale T, editors. Proceedings of the international conference on computational creativity; 2010. p. 11–15. Available at http://creative-systems.dei.uc.pt/icccx. Whorley R, Wiggins G, Rhodes C, Pearce M. Development of techniques for the computational modelling of harmony. In: Ventura D, Pease A, Pérez y Pérez R, Ritchie G, Veale T, editors. Proceedings of the international conference on computational creativity; 2010. p. 11–15. Available at http://​creative-systems.​dei.​uc.​pt/​icccx.
11.
12.
go back to reference Gervás P. Computational approaches to storytelling and creativity. AI Mag. 2009;30(3):49–62. Gervás P. Computational approaches to storytelling and creativity. AI Mag. 2009;30(3):49–62.
13.
go back to reference de Melo CM, Gratch J. Evolving expression of emotions through color in virtual humans using genetic algorithms. In: Ventura D, Pease A, Pérez y Pérez R, Ritchie G, Veale T, editors. Proceedings of the international conference on computational creativity; 2010. p. 248–257. Available at http://creative-systems.dei.uc.pt/icccx. de Melo CM, Gratch J. Evolving expression of emotions through color in virtual humans using genetic algorithms. In: Ventura D, Pease A, Pérez y Pérez R, Ritchie G, Veale T, editors. Proceedings of the international conference on computational creativity; 2010. p. 248–257. Available at http://​creative-systems.​dei.​uc.​pt/​icccx.
14.
go back to reference Mizetič I, et al. Bisociative knowledge discovery for microarray data analysis. In: Ventura D, Pease A, Pérez y Pérez R, Ritchie G, Veale T, editors. Proceedings of the international conference on computational creativity; 2010. p. 190–199. Available at http://creative-systems.dei.uc.pt/icccx. Mizetič I, et al. Bisociative knowledge discovery for microarray data analysis. In: Ventura D, Pease A, Pérez y Pérez R, Ritchie G, Veale T, editors. Proceedings of the international conference on computational creativity; 2010. p. 190–199. Available at http://​creative-systems.​dei.​uc.​pt/​icccx.
15.
go back to reference Automated conjecture making in number theory using HR, Otter and Maple. J Symbol. Comput. 2005;39(5):593–615.CrossRef Automated conjecture making in number theory using HR, Otter and Maple. J Symbol. Comput. 2005;39(5):593–615.CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Wiggins GA. A preliminary framework for description, analysis and comparison of creative systems. Knowledge-based systems. 2006;19:449–458.CrossRef Wiggins GA. A preliminary framework for description, analysis and comparison of creative systems. Knowledge-based systems. 2006;19:449–458.CrossRef
17.
go back to reference Wiggins GA. Searching for computational creativity. New Generation Comput. 2006;24:209–222.CrossRef Wiggins GA. Searching for computational creativity. New Generation Comput. 2006;24:209–222.CrossRef
18.
go back to reference Jennings KE. Search strategies and the creative process. In: Ventura D, Pease A, Pérez y Pérez R, Ritchie G, Veale T, editors. Proceedings of the international conference on computational creativity; 2010. p. 130–139. Available at http://creative-systems.dei.uc.pt/icccx. Jennings KE. Search strategies and the creative process. In: Ventura D, Pease A, Pérez y Pérez R, Ritchie G, Veale T, editors. Proceedings of the international conference on computational creativity; 2010. p. 130–139. Available at http://​creative-systems.​dei.​uc.​pt/​icccx.
19.
go back to reference Boden M. The Creative Mind. Tunbridge Wells: Abacus; 1990. Boden M. The Creative Mind. Tunbridge Wells: Abacus; 1990.
21.
go back to reference Romero JJ, Machado P, editors. The art of artificial evolution: a handbook on evolutionary art and music. New York: Springer; 2007. Romero JJ, Machado P, editors. The art of artificial evolution: a handbook on evolutionary art and music. New York: Springer; 2007.
22.
go back to reference Johnson CG. Fitness in evolutionary art: what has been used and what could be used? In: Machado P, Romero J, Carballal A, editors. Proceedings of EvoMUSART 2012. Springer; 2012. p. 129–140. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 7247. Johnson CG. Fitness in evolutionary art: what has been used and what could be used? In: Machado P, Romero J, Carballal A, editors. Proceedings of EvoMUSART 2012. Springer; 2012. p. 129–140. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 7247.
23.
go back to reference Deb K. Multi-objective optimization using evolutionary algorithms. New York: Wiley; 2001. Deb K. Multi-objective optimization using evolutionary algorithms. New York: Wiley; 2001.
24.
go back to reference Zadeh L. Optimality and non-scalar-valued performance criteria. IEEE Transact Autom Control. 1963;AC-8(59). Zadeh L. Optimality and non-scalar-valued performance criteria. IEEE Transact Autom Control. 1963;AC-8(59).
25.
go back to reference Kim IY, de Weck O. Adaptive weighted sum method for multiobjective optimization. In: 10th AIAA/ISSMO multidisciplinary analysis and optimization conference; 2004. Kim IY, de Weck O. Adaptive weighted sum method for multiobjective optimization. In: 10th AIAA/ISSMO multidisciplinary analysis and optimization conference; 2004.
26.
go back to reference Mathur VK. How Well do we know Pareto optimality? J Econ Educ. 1991;22(2):172–178.CrossRef Mathur VK. How Well do we know Pareto optimality? J Econ Educ. 1991;22(2):172–178.CrossRef
27.
go back to reference Li C, Yang S. A general framework of multi-population methods with clustering in undetectable dynamic environments. IEEE transactions on evolutionary computation. 2012 (in press). Li C, Yang S. A general framework of multi-population methods with clustering in undetectable dynamic environments. IEEE transactions on evolutionary computation. 2012 (in press).
28.
go back to reference Yang S, Ong YS, Jin Y, editors. Evolutionary computation in dynamic and uncertain environments. Springer; 2007. Studies in computational intelligence, Vol. 51. Yang S, Ong YS, Jin Y, editors. Evolutionary computation in dynamic and uncertain environments. Springer; 2007. Studies in computational intelligence, Vol. 51.
29.
go back to reference Mitchell M. An Introduction to Genetic Algorithms. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 1998. Mitchell M. An Introduction to Genetic Algorithms. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 1998.
30.
go back to reference Bonabeau E, Dorigo M, Theraulaz G. Swarm Intelligence. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1999. Bonabeau E, Dorigo M, Theraulaz G. Swarm Intelligence. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1999.
31.
go back to reference Kowaliw T, McCormack J, Dorin A. An interactive electronic art system based on artificial ecosystemics. In: proceedings of the 2011 IEEE symposium on artificial life. IEEE Press; 2011. p. 162–169. Kowaliw T, McCormack J, Dorin A. An interactive electronic art system based on artificial ecosystemics. In: proceedings of the 2011 IEEE symposium on artificial life. IEEE Press; 2011. p. 162–169.
32.
go back to reference Yu H, Riedl MO. A sequential recommendation approach for interactive personalized story generation. In: proceedings of the 11th international conference on autonomous agents and multi agent systems; 2012. Yu H, Riedl MO. A sequential recommendation approach for interactive personalized story generation. In: proceedings of the 11th international conference on autonomous agents and multi agent systems; 2012.
33.
go back to reference Tokui N, Iba H. Music composition with interactive evolutionary computation. In: proceedings of the 2000 conference on generative art; 2000. Tokui N, Iba H. Music composition with interactive evolutionary computation. In: proceedings of the 2000 conference on generative art; 2000.
34.
go back to reference Marques VM, Reis C, Tenreiro Machado JA. Interactive evolutionary computation in music. In: proceedings of the 2010 IEEE international conference on systems, man and cybernetics. IEEE Press; 2010. Marques VM, Reis C, Tenreiro Machado JA. Interactive evolutionary computation in music. In: proceedings of the 2010 IEEE international conference on systems, man and cybernetics. IEEE Press; 2010.
35.
go back to reference Kowaliw T, Dorin A, McCormack J. Promoting creative design in interactive evolutionary computation. IEEE transactions on evolutionary computation. 2012 (in press). Kowaliw T, Dorin A, McCormack J. Promoting creative design in interactive evolutionary computation. IEEE transactions on evolutionary computation. 2012 (in press).
36.
go back to reference Biles JA. Life with GenJam: interacting with a musical IGA. In: proceedings of the 1999 IEEE conference on systems, man and cybernetics; 1999. p. 652–656. Biles JA. Life with GenJam: interacting with a musical IGA. In: proceedings of the 1999 IEEE conference on systems, man and cybernetics; 1999. p. 652–656.
37.
go back to reference Biles JA, Eign W. GenJam Populi: training an IGA via audience-mediated performance. In: proceedings of the 1995 international computer music conference; 1995. Biles JA, Eign W. GenJam Populi: training an IGA via audience-mediated performance. In: proceedings of the 1995 international computer music conference; 1995.
38.
go back to reference Peinado F, Francisco V, Hervás R, Gervás P. Assessing the novelty of computer-generated narratives using empirical metrics. Minds Machin. 2010;20:565–588.CrossRef Peinado F, Francisco V, Hervás R, Gervás P. Assessing the novelty of computer-generated narratives using empirical metrics. Minds Machin. 2010;20:565–588.CrossRef
39.
go back to reference Bundy A. What is the difference between real creativity and mere novelty? Behav Brain Sci. 1994;17(3):533–34. Bundy A. What is the difference between real creativity and mere novelty? Behav Brain Sci. 1994;17(3):533–34.
40.
go back to reference Ritchie G. The transformational creativity hypothesis. New Generation Computing. 2006;24:241–266.CrossRef Ritchie G. The transformational creativity hypothesis. New Generation Computing. 2006;24:241–266.CrossRef
41.
go back to reference Colton S. Creativity versus the perception of creativity in computational systems. In: Creative intelligent systems: papers from the AAAI Spring symposium; 2008. p. 14–20. Colton S. Creativity versus the perception of creativity in computational systems. In: Creative intelligent systems: papers from the AAAI Spring symposium; 2008. p. 14–20.
42.
go back to reference Csikszentmihalyi M. Flow: the psychology of optimal experience. New York: Harper Perennial; 1991. Csikszentmihalyi M. Flow: the psychology of optimal experience. New York: Harper Perennial; 1991.
44.
go back to reference Machado P, Romero J, Santos ML, Cardoso A, Manaris BZ. Adaptive critics for evolutionary artists. In: Raidl GR, Cagnoni S, Branke J, Corne D, Drechsler R, Jin Y, et al., editors. Evo Workshops. vol. 3005 of lecture notes in computer science. Springer; 2004. p. 437–446. Machado P, Romero J, Santos ML, Cardoso A, Manaris BZ. Adaptive critics for evolutionary artists. In: Raidl GR, Cagnoni S, Branke J, Corne D, Drechsler R, Jin Y, et al., editors. Evo Workshops. vol. 3005 of lecture notes in computer science. Springer; 2004. p. 437–446.
45.
go back to reference Greenfield G, Machado P. Simulating artist and critic dynamics—an agent-based application of an evolutionary art system. In: proceedings of the 2009 international joint conference on computational intelligence; 2009. p. 190–197. Greenfield G, Machado P. Simulating artist and critic dynamics—an agent-based application of an evolutionary art system. In: proceedings of the 2009 international joint conference on computational intelligence; 2009. p. 190–197.
47.
go back to reference Celan P. Collected poems. Harmondsworth: Penguin; 1996. Celan P. Collected poems. Harmondsworth: Penguin; 1996.
48.
go back to reference Hadamard J. The psychology of invention in the mathematical field. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 1945. Hadamard J. The psychology of invention in the mathematical field. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 1945.
49.
go back to reference Webb Young J. A technique for producing ideas. McGraw-Hill; 2003 (original edition 1943). Webb Young J. A technique for producing ideas. McGraw-Hill; 2003 (original edition 1943).
50.
go back to reference Lawson B. How designers think. 4th ed. Architectural Press; 2005. Lawson B. How designers think. 4th ed. Architectural Press; 2005.
51.
go back to reference Wallas G. The Art of Thought. London: Jonathan Cape; 1926. Wallas G. The Art of Thought. London: Jonathan Cape; 1926.
52.
go back to reference Veale T. We can re-use it for you wholesale: serendipity and objets Trouvés in linguistic creativity. In: Ventura D, Gervás P, Harrell DF, Maher ML, Pease A, Wiggins G, editors. Proceedings of the second international conference on computational creativity; 2011. p. 22–26. Available at http://iccc11.cua.uam.mx/proceedings/index.html. Veale T. We can re-use it for you wholesale: serendipity and objets Trouvés in linguistic creativity. In: Ventura D, Gervás P, Harrell DF, Maher ML, Pease A, Wiggins G, editors. Proceedings of the second international conference on computational creativity; 2011. p. 22–26. Available at http://​iccc11.​cua.​uam.​mx/​proceedings/​index.​html.
55.
go back to reference Koestler A. The Act of Creation. New York: Macmillan; 1964. Koestler A. The Act of Creation. New York: Macmillan; 1964.
56.
go back to reference Norton D, Heath D, Ventura D. Establishing appreciation in a creative system. In: Ventura D, Pease A, Pérez y Pérez R, Ritchie G, Veale T, editors. Proceedings of the international conference on computational creativity; 2010. p. 26–35. Available at http://creative-systems.dei.uc.pt/icccx. Norton D, Heath D, Ventura D. Establishing appreciation in a creative system. In: Ventura D, Pease A, Pérez y Pérez R, Ritchie G, Veale T, editors. Proceedings of the international conference on computational creativity; 2010. p. 26–35. Available at http://​creative-systems.​dei.​uc.​pt/​icccx.
57.
go back to reference Jennings K. Developing creativity: artificial barriers in artificial intelligence. Minds Mach. 2010;20:489–501.CrossRef Jennings K. Developing creativity: artificial barriers in artificial intelligence. Minds Mach. 2010;20:489–501.CrossRef
58.
go back to reference Indurkhya B. On the role of metaphor in creative cognition. In: Ventura D, Pease A, Pérez y Pérez R, Ritchie G, Veale T, editors. Proceedings of the international conference on computational creativity; 2010. p. 51–59. Available at http://creative-systems.dei.uc.pt/icccx. Indurkhya B. On the role of metaphor in creative cognition. In: Ventura D, Pease A, Pérez y Pérez R, Ritchie G, Veale T, editors. Proceedings of the international conference on computational creativity; 2010. p. 51–59. Available at http://​creative-systems.​dei.​uc.​pt/​icccx.
59.
go back to reference Gurevych I, Wolf E. Expert-built and collaboratively constructed lexical semantic resources. Lang Linguist Compass. 2010 November; 4(11):1074–1090.CrossRef Gurevych I, Wolf E. Expert-built and collaboratively constructed lexical semantic resources. Lang Linguist Compass. 2010 November; 4(11):1074–1090.CrossRef
60.
go back to reference Dorigo M, Stützle T. Ant Colony Optimization. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 2004.CrossRef Dorigo M, Stützle T. Ant Colony Optimization. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 2004.CrossRef
61.
go back to reference Bishop JM. Stochastic searching networks. In: proceedings of the first IEE conference on artificial neural networks; 1989. p. 329–331. Bishop JM. Stochastic searching networks. In: proceedings of the first IEE conference on artificial neural networks; 1989. p. 329–331.
62.
go back to reference de Bono E. de Bono’s thinking course. London: Crown Publications/BBC; 1982. de Bono E. de Bono’s thinking course. London: Crown Publications/BBC; 1982.
63.
64.
go back to reference Krzeczkowska A, El-Hage J, Colton S, Clark S. Automated collage generation—with Intent. In: Ventura D, Pease A, Pérez y Pérez R, Ritchie G, Veale T, editors. Proceedings of the international conference on computational creativity; 2010. p. 36–40. Available at http://creative-systems.dei.uc.pt/icccx. Krzeczkowska A, El-Hage J, Colton S, Clark S. Automated collage generation—with Intent. In: Ventura D, Pease A, Pérez y Pérez R, Ritchie G, Veale T, editors. Proceedings of the international conference on computational creativity; 2010. p. 36–40. Available at http://​creative-systems.​dei.​uc.​pt/​icccx.
66.
go back to reference Bentley PJ. Systemic Computation: A Model of Interacting Systems with Natural Characteristics. Int J Parallel Emergent Distributed Syst. 2007;22(2):103–121.CrossRef Bentley PJ. Systemic Computation: A Model of Interacting Systems with Natural Characteristics. Int J Parallel Emergent Distributed Syst. 2007;22(2):103–121.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Connotation in Computational Creativity
Author
Colin G. Johnson
Publication date
01-09-2012
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Cognitive Computation / Issue 3/2012
Print ISSN: 1866-9956
Electronic ISSN: 1866-9964
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12559-012-9141-8

Other articles of this Issue 3/2012

Cognitive Computation 3/2012 Go to the issue

Premium Partner