Conservation of Architectural Heritage (CAH)
Developing Sustainable Practices
- 2024
- Book
- Editors
- Maria Luisa Germanà
- Natsuko Akagawa
- Antonella Versaci
- Nicola Cavalagli
- Book Series
- Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation
- Publisher
- Springer International Publishing
About this book
This book presents practical, applicable solutions that contribute to built heritage conservation, discussing challenges like resource constraints, ineffective legislation, lack of coordination between different relevant bodies, and absence of public awareness and involvement. This is to maintain the beauty and cultural meaning of the architectural heritage since they are like a glimpse from the past life, representing how people lived, their religions, and beliefs in addition to the primitive but inspirational technology used in construction. As a result, this book is of significant importance to professionals in the fields of architecture, sustainability, as well as policymakers.
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Table of Contents
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Frontmatter
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Introductory Chapter
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Frontmatter
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Quality in the Conservation of Architectural Heritage: Methodological Issues for Developing Sustainable Practices
Maria Luisa GermanàThe chapter delves into the methodological challenges and solutions for sustainable conservation practices in architectural heritage. It emphasizes the need for a process-based view, dividing interventions into planning, design, implementation, and management phases. The text highlights critical issues within knowledge, conservation, and enhancement processes, advocating for the integration of these areas to achieve better outcomes. It also discusses the importance of involving local communities and adopting a holistic approach that considers social, economic, cultural, and environmental factors. The chapter aims to provide a roadmap for professionals to ensure high-quality, sustainable conservation practices in architectural heritage.AI Generated
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AbstractThe goal of architectural heritage conservation has never been questioned since the very concept of heritage arose. This objective has evolved during the last century, on the one side enlarging the object of conservation (from the single building to the historical landscape) on the other including intangible forms of heritage. Furthermore, on the one hand, the objective of conservation has gradually acquired a dynamic dimension (since its achievement extends over time, since punctual results are not sufficient); on the other, it is now considered fully integrated with the contemporary world (in the multiple and intertwined dimensions of the social, cultural, economic and environmental aspects). Observing the evolution of the objective of conservation of architectural heritage, it can be observed that the focus initially shifted quickly from “why” to conserve to “what” to conserve, and then moved more slowly to “how” to conserve. This last step is still maturing today, both theoretically and operationally, helping to emphasize the importance of quality orientation, pivotal in any technological process, also in the field of built heritage. Therefore, the noun conservation today is no longer sufficient and needs qualifying adjectives (such as sustainable; reliable; inclusive), which largely depend on the kinds of conservation practices. That is why a conscious approach to the process-based vision of conservation (in which experts and users interact and in which clearly defined objectives can guarantee reliable results) is increasingly important. The contribution explores the meanings that a sticky word as “quality” can assume in the conservation of the architectural heritage, aiming to lay the foundations for a comparison between the many good practices already available, in a way that can be useful for spreading and increasing them. -
The Transcultural Dimension in Heritage Conservation
Olimpia NiglioThis chapter delves into the transcultural dimension of heritage conservation, arguing that culture is the foundation of human existence and a vital common good. It discusses the shift in paradigms and the importance of cultural diplomacy in protecting the diversity of communities. The text also explores the role of culture as a sustainable opportunity, emphasizing its mediating force between social, environmental, and economic aspects of development. The international pedagogical project 'Reconnecting with your Culture' is highlighted as a practical application of these principles, aiming to promote quality and equitable education through cultural heritage exploration.AI Generated
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AbstractIn recent years the meaning and value of cultural heritage have taken on a local dimension, favoring the centrality of communities and the development of territories in relation to their characteristics. This new perspective has been favored by the need to regenerate all those cultural processes of local realities, putting the value of culture back at the center. The serious imbalances and disharmonies that currently exist in the world highlight the need to start from the cultural values of individual communities and to build transcultural relational processes capable of giving priority to human, spiritual and educational values, all fundamental references for building a sustainable world. Meanwhile, these complicated problems of the world highlight the need to enhance the value of local cultural realities, communities, individuals with the aim of pursuing greater balance and harmony. All this requires a greater capacity for sharing, cooperation and creativity in order to achieve lifestyles more compatible with the sustainable development that the whole world now requires. This contribution aims to bring the reader closer to some issues aimed at enhancing education in culture and one's own heritage, fundamental resources for the development of our personality and our life in dialogue with others.
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Citizens’ Involvement and Their Roles in Conserving Their History
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Frontmatter
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Life and History: Challenges on Urban Conservation and a Possible Solution: Case Studies on Historic Quarters in Beijing and Shanghai, China
Yanhan ZhuThe chapter 'Life and History: Challenges on Urban Conservation and a Possible Solution: Case Studies on Historic Quarters in Beijing and Shanghai, China' delves into the complexities of urban conservation in China. It begins by tracing the evolution of conservation approaches, from integrated conservation to the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) method. The author critically examines the challenges faced by historic areas, such as inadequate infrastructure, gentrification, and the pressure of urban redevelopment. The heart of the chapter lies in two detailed case studies: the Nan-Luo-Gu-Xiang Historic Quarter in Beijing and the Tian-Zi-Fang Historic Quarter in Shanghai. These case studies illustrate the dynamic processes of inhabitants' participation and collaboration with various stakeholders, including local authorities and organizations. The author emphasizes the significance of community involvement in preserving the cultural and social fabric of historic quarters. Through these case studies, the chapter offers practical insights and potential solutions for balancing heritage conservation with sustainable urban development. The conclusion discusses the emerging trends and future challenges in urban conservation, making this chapter a valuable resource for professionals and scholars in the field.AI Generated
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AbstractIn recent decades, the redevelopment process in Chinese cities has challenged historic quarters. While conservation awareness rises, scholars started to criticise these quarters for being restored in “improper methods”. Moreover, property privatisation and tourism development in historic quarters caused dilemmas: the majority of inhabitants were relocated under the monetary compensation system; the overwhelming tourism activities resulted in a significant loss of the uniqueness of living elements. They all pushed the local government and the inhabitants to a deeper collaboration with other stakeholders. This paper first overviewed the approaches to urban conservation, from integrity conservation to the Historic Urban Landscape, and analysed their merits and defects. Focusing on two cases in Beijing and Shanghai, it further illustrated processes of inhabitants’ participation and collaboration modes with other stakeholders, including local organisations and authorities, to safeguard the architectural heritage and redevelop the historic quarters. The measures could provide feasible approaches to balance the conflict between urban conservation and redevelopment in the aspect of heritage management. -
Art as a Main Tool to Expressing Identity in Architectural Heritage: A Case Study of Fatimid Cairo
Samira Mohamed Ahmed AbdullahThe chapter 'Art as a Main Tool to Expressing Identity in Architectural Heritage: A Case Study of Fatimid Cairo' delves into the significance of art in conveying cultural identity through architectural design. It begins by emphasizing the importance of architecture as a narrative of civilizations and the necessity of conserving architectural heritage to preserve historical identity. The problem of neglecting art in contemporary architecture is highlighted, with the study proposing art as a vital tool for expressing cultural identity and conserving architectural heritage. The research aims to draw attention to the ways art can be used to represent Islamic culture and identity, using Fatimid Cairo as a case study. The methodology involves a mixed approach, combining deductive methods and qualitative content analysis to evaluate the relationship between architectural heritage and conservation. The study highlights the unique artistic elements of Fatimid architecture, such as vaults, minarets, and ornate decorations, and discusses how these elements convey cultural identity. The conservation of architectural heritage is explored, emphasizing the importance of preserving the physical and semantic aspects of buildings. The case study of Fatimid Cairo focuses on notable structures like Al-Aqmar Mosque, which exemplifies the rich artistic heritage of the Fatimid era. The chapter concludes by emphasizing the role of art in preserving and conserving architectural heritage, highlighting the importance of understanding and appreciating the cultural significance of architectural designs.AI Generated
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AbstractArt and Architecture, over centuries, have been known to represent a tool through which an artist is able to represent his or her character. More specifically, Architecture not only denotes the character of the architect, but it also tells more about the society and era to which the architect belonged as they are characterized by unique styles. Considered emblems, both Art and Architecture can tell stories of identity and a culture that is associated with people from a specific community. Each of those cultures is marked by certain elements that give its architecture a unique identity, which is manifested through building facades. In this study, the importance of Art in shaping the unique architectural heritage of Egypt is highlighted through a case study on Fatimid Cairo. Fatimid Cairo exemplifies the ways in which Art can represent a tool for heritage conservation to maintain long-lasting architecture and heritage through different ages for future generations. This type of architecture maintains and has the power to deeply influence a whole community and society’s identity as well as represent its past, present, and future of architectural heritage accumulation. -
Framing a Conceptual Approach for Urban Conservation in Historic Cities- A Case of Kuttichira, Kerala
Shahim Abdurahiman, A. K. Kasthurba, Afifa NuzhatThe chapter delves into the paradigm shift towards broader urban realm conservation, emphasizing the need for community-centered approaches. It introduces a three-level framework focusing on the city, community, and heritage, with Kuttichira, Kerala, as a case study. The framework proposes interactions between these aspects to support sustainable urban development and heritage management. The chapter highlights the importance of community engagement, awareness, and government policy integration in preserving urban heritage. It also discusses the potential of heritage resources in enhancing community well-being and economic development, making it a compelling read for professionals interested in holistic urban conservation strategies.AI Generated
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AbstractUrban heritage is a source of identity and pride and can drive sustainable and equitable economic and social development. It represents an opportunity to build upon local traditions, skills, crafts, and techniques, helping conserve our natural resources. It also holds the potential to connect people with their past and build understanding among communities through shared experience. India's conservation movement has evolved from emphasizing prominent buildings to focusing on area-specific conservation efforts. Urban heritage conservation in India is a significant subject that can seldom be ignored. Urban heritage includes physical, commemorative, social, and economic aspects of the heritage interwoven with each other. The conservation movement has also come a long way with its changing focus—from the conservation of tangible objects to the conservation of intangible cultural heritage, from protection to participation, from control to encouragement, and from a single-purpose preservation-driven approach to a multiple-use approach. The paper aims to investigate the importance and conduct of a community-oriented approach in urban heritage conservation in India through which we can understand its role in the urban development of historic precincts. The study proposes a community-oriented conceptual methodology that can further achieve sustainable goals within the community, strengthening community participation and involvement. The proposed framework recognizes and emphasizes the community as the key stakeholder in their locality. The paper attempts to comprehend the sensitivity achieved in urban development through a community-oriented approach. The study has future scope for the conceptual approach to be explored multi-dimensionally. The methodology can assist policymakers in developing case-sensitive policies for historic urban areas. -
Revitalizing Historic Plazas for Integrated Urban Conservation
Mona HelmyThis chapter delves into the multifaceted approaches to revitalizing historic plazas, emphasizing their crucial role in integrated urban conservation. It discusses the evolution of conservation practices, from traditional methods to innovative approaches like the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) concept. The text highlights the importance of historic plazas as catalysts for social life and cultural identity, and explores various intervention strategies such as conservation, reconstruction, renovation, renewal, and rehabilitation. Through case studies, the chapter illustrates how these approaches can enhance the liveliness and quality of life in historic urban areas, making it a valuable resource for professionals seeking to understand and implement effective urban conservation strategies.AI Generated
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AbstractHistoric plazas play a major role in improving or creating place identity, place memory, and belonging of heritage areas. They maintain elements of tangible and intangible heritage, such as accommodating social networks, traditions, lifestyles, traditional crafts, festivals, or rituals. Above all, they manifest a unique sense of place, and collective memory of cities to local communities, contributing to the historical character of heritage areas. The paper claims that the revitalization of historic plazas intends to reconcile conserving their historical urban landscape (HUL) to meet the changing requirements of local communities. It argues that revitalizing historical plazas is an innovative approach that helps to overcome the current urban conservation gaps in many heritage areas. Likewise, it strengthens the perceptions of the built heritage and historic buildings, while retaining their historic character and increasing their social vitality and performance. Furthermore, the distinctiveness of historic plazas can uncover the hidden forms and fabrics in historic areas and inspire their future development. This review paper aims to describe how historical public spaces as places of social interactions and traditional cultural activities are significant in conserving historic living areas. It aims to investigate a variety of approaches to the conservation of historical buildings/sites through the revitalization of historic plazas as multidimensional spaces in selected case studies. The methodology used is to study the usage of current patterns of selected historic public places; to analyze various strategies implemented to revitalize those patterns. The main objective is to contribute in formulating a practical approach to enhance the liveliness and the quality of life of historic plazas; to fit the residents’ culture as an integral part of urban conservation.
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Heritage Forms and Types of Conservation
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Frontmatter
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Virtual Museumification to Protect and Transmit the Paleo-Christian Heritage of the East Algerian Region
Fatima Zahra Boughanem, Etienne WolffThis chapter delves into the rich Paleo-Christian heritage of eastern Algeria, highlighting the urgent need for its preservation due to environmental and human threats. It examines the current state of this heritage, including its conservation challenges and the lack of public awareness and engagement. The chapter then explores the potential of virtual museumification as a tool for enhancing and transmitting this heritage. It discusses the benefits of digital technology in making heritage more accessible and engaging, using examples from successful virtual museum projects around the world. The chapter also provides a methodology for creating virtual restitutions of Paleo-Christian sites, emphasizing the importance of scientific accuracy and public engagement. Throughout, the chapter emphasizes the role of digital technology in democratizing access to cultural heritage and promoting its transmission to future generations.AI Generated
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AbstractThe conservation of monuments and ruins, which are already exposed in their sites, needs a huge budget and skilled labor. How can we transmit this heritage to future generations when its conservation is not the government’s priority, or when the competent authorities do not allocate the required budget for conservation? If the conservation of cultural heritage is mainly the competent authorities’ task, its transmission is the citizens’ responsibility. This paper suggests the use of virtual exhibitions to ensure the sound conservation of the Paleo-Christian heritage of the East Algerian region and its transmission to coming generations. The lack of interest in this heritage and the absence of research and studies still exist, despite the archaeological and artistic values this heritage has. Thus, the focal point of this paper is to highlight such idiosyncracies. We present in this article, mainly, the results of a field study on visiting these basilicas, supported by a survey on social media, Instagram in our case, to reach a greater number of probable visitors. -
Design Technics for the Intervention on Architectural Heritage. The Case of the Partial Recomposition of Vaulted Spaces
Luis Bosch-Roig, Valeria Marcenac, María José Ballester-Bordes, Ignacio Bosch-ReigThis chapter delves into the intricate process of intervening on architectural heritage, focusing on the partial recomposition of vaulted spaces. It presents four case studies: the San Filippo Neri Oratory in Bologna, the Chapel of the Counts of Fuensaldaña in Valladolid, the Church of the Pious Schools of the College of San Fernando in Madrid, and St. Peter's Basilica in Syracuse. Each case study illustrates unique approaches to restoring historical monuments, balancing the preservation of original elements with the integration of modern design. The chapter explores how architects have creatively addressed the challenges of partial destruction, evoking historical forms while introducing contemporary materials and techniques. It emphasizes the importance of maintaining a dialogue between the old and the new, ensuring that historical monuments remain relevant and functional in the modern context. The comparative study offers insights into the diverse strategies employed by architects to achieve this balance, making it a valuable resource for professionals in architectural conservation and restoration.AI Generated
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AbstractThis article aims to research the design techniques used in heritage works publicly recognised through awards and publications. Specifically, it studies the case of interventions that seek to recompose vaulted spaces that have partially disappeared. In order to carry out the research, four works have been selected and analysed and studied both individually and comparatively to understand the benefits of each one of them: San Filippo Neri Oratory in Bologna, Chapel of the Counts of Fuensaldaña in Valladolid, Church of the Pious Schools of the College of San Fernando in Madrid and St. Peter's Basilica in Syracuse. The result obtained is the recognition of a set of techniques of great design interest that, when properly applied, can be extrapolated to future interventions. -
Preservation and Innovation of the Rinnovata Pizzigoni School, a Symbolic Place of the Early 20apex Century Experimental Pedagogy in Milan
Maria Fianchini, Nicola Berlucchi, Franca Zuccoli, Flavia MainardiThe chapter delves into the history and restoration of the Rinnovata Pizzigoni School, a pioneering educational institution in Milan. It begins with the visionary work of Giuseppina Pizzigoni, who designed the school to foster independent learning and aesthetic education through innovative architectural features. Over time, the school's functional organization and physical condition deteriorated, leading to a comprehensive restoration project. The project involved a multidisciplinary team and a participatory process with users and stakeholders, aiming to preserve the school's historical integrity while adapting it to contemporary educational needs. The restoration addressed energy efficiency, seismic performance, and accessibility, while conserving original materials and decorations. The result is a school that harmoniously blends historical significance with modern educational requirements, reflecting Pizzigoni's enduring vision.AI Generated
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AbstractIn the early 1900s, Giuseppina Pizzigoni launched an experimental pedagogical programme in Milan based on the reform of teaching methods and the design and construction of a new school in keeping with her innovative educational principles. Today, the Pizzigoni method is still implemented in this school, whose special spaces are still in use. However, a lack of investment in maintenance and retrofitting and the emergence of new educational needs and requirements over time has led the building to deteriorate and become functionally inadequate. In 2020, a set of interventions was initiated with a view to conserving this architectural heritage asset. The restoration project demanded an innovative and multidisciplinary approach given its aims of conserving original materials, enhancing the building’s energy and seismic performances, updating its systems, and adapting its layout to meet the current needs of the school community. In this paper, we first present the key features of both the Pizzigoni method and the school building. Then we outline the technical issues with the building and the main intervention strategies. Finally, we focus on the co-design process brought to bear on the functional layout of the school building, and the outcomes of this process, which was implemented with the participation of the school principal and teaching staff and the involvement of the other stakeholders, including the main sponsor of the intervention. -
The Sub-City: Architectural Conservation as a Series of Experiential Spaces Drawing in Historical Memory in Salvador De Bahia, Brazil
Asil Y. ZureigatThe chapter delves into the rich historical context of Salvador De Bahia, Brazil, highlighting the city's complex past marked by racial exclusion and the slave trade. It introduces innovative conservation methods that translate historical events into spatial experiences, emphasizing the importance of dark heritage preservation. The author proposes interventions such as memorials and adaptive reuse projects that engage visitors experientially, ensuring the city's historical memory is not merely documented but actively experienced. By focusing on the sub-city—the underlying identity not often advertised—the chapter offers a fresh perspective on urban heritage planning. The proposed interventions not only preserve the past but also plan for the future, making the chapter a compelling read for those interested in the intersection of history, architecture, and urban planning.AI Generated
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AbstractThe sub-city is the underlying historical narrative of every city in the world. Specific to every city, the story is a struggle, an accomplishment, or a tragedy, and in all cases, is a series of events the city and its people underwent or performed that constitute the sub-city. Given the layers that modernity added to cities, it has become significant to peal some of those layers to preserve and conserve history. This paper proposes to translate the narrative of the sub-city, or the historical memory of Salvador De Bahia to user-space experiences via architectural conservation and intervention. The city of Salvador De Bahia in Brazil served as a case study and a demonstration of design methodologies that could be implemented in architecturally conserving abandoned or old sites in the city. -
Documenting the Works of the Philippine National Artists in Architecture
Jocelyn A. Rivera-Lutap, John Benedict A. CastilloThe chapter delves into the significance of preserving the works of Philippine National Artists in Architecture, emphasizing the role of heritage conservators in protecting tangible and intangible assets. It discusses the evaluation of heritage values and the challenges faced in documenting and preserving these architectural legacies. The study focuses on six National Artists, their contributions to Philippine architecture, and the current state of their works. It also explores the potential of digital documentation in ensuring the preservation of these architectural treasures for future generations.AI Generated
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AbstractThe Philippines has trailblazed in recognizing its artists who have championed its culture, heritage, and tradition. Proclamation No. 1001, s. 1972, signed by then President Ferdinand E. Marcos, aims to give the highest distinction to Filipino Artists who have exemplarily promoted the identity of the country with utmost dignity and integrity. The National Artist Award covers the areas of music, dance, theatre, visual arts, literature, film and media, arts, architecture, and design. Over time, the preservation of the arts has been perfected by law, awareness of the people, and advancement of technology. However, the field of architecture has become a challenge due to its cost and ownership of the structures. To date, there are six National Artists in Architecture, namely Juan F. Nakpil, Pablo S. Antonio, Leandro V. Locsin, Ildefonso P. Santos, Jr., Jose Maria V. Zaragoza, and Francisco T. Mañosa, who have all passed away. This study aims to document the works of these National Artists and identify the buildings that are still in physical existence, as a means of providing clearer public perception, which in turn can contribute to the protection and preservation of their legacy. Descriptive and archival methodologies were utilized. It is notable that some of the structures that were created by these prominent architects have since been demolished. The purview of the research takes into consideration the laws that protect the heritage of the country. Investigative findings revealed that demolitions of such heritage architecture can sometimes be inevitable because there are contributing factors, like economic, lifespan, and urbanization, to name a few. Despite this predicament, intervention is still viable . Technology, specifically digitalization or Virtual Reality, is a key channel so that the next generation will still be able to appreciate, enjoy, and comprehend the works of the National Artists, even those not existing in the physical world anymore. -
Restoration and Arrangement of Archaeological Remains in the Mediterranean: The Protection of the Testimonies Between Past and Contemporary Experiences
Rosario ScadutoThe chapter delves into the history of Italian archaeological investigations in the Mediterranean, particularly focusing on the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It begins with the early studies of Italian scholars such as Giovan B. Belzoni, Paolo E. Botta, and L. Palma di Cesnola, and highlights the significant discovery of the Great Inscription of Gortina by Federico Halbherr in 1884. The establishment of the Italian Archaeological School of Athens in 1909 is also a key event discussed in the chapter. The text further explores the excavations and protection of archaeological remains in Crete, including the Palace of Festos and the Megaron of Haghia Triada, and compares these with contemporary excavations and arrangements at Cnossos by Arthur Evans. Additionally, the chapter discusses the evolution of legislation and practices in the protection and restoration of archaeological sites in Italy, culminating in the establishment of the Italian Charter of Restoration in 1932. The text concludes with a comparison of contemporary protection methods in Italy, Greece, Malta, and Turkey, emphasizing the importance of preserving the authenticity and context of archaeological sites.AI Generated
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AbstractIn general, the need to provide for the protection of archaeological remains has always been a priority in the work of archaeologists and architects. In the past, the work of Italian archaeologists and architects in the Mediterranean has been remarkable, engaged, even outside the territory of our country, as in the island of Crete and in particular in Gortina, Festòs, and Haghìa Triàda (late nineteenth century and early decades of the twentieth century), in the restoration, accommodation and protection of archaeological remains brought to light. While in Italy, and particularly in Sicily, for example, the case of the protection, with de-restoration operations, of the Villa Romana del Casale in Piazza Armerina (2015) remains exemplary and even problematic today, in Malta (2010) and Turkey (2019). We witness the protection of archaeological remains with the construction of tensile structures that compromise the basic relationship with the surrounding environment. My talk explores the theme of the protection of archaeological remains starting from the past experiences of Italian archaeologists and architects, in the Mediterranean, and comparing these interventions with recent ones both in Italy and in countries such as Greece, Malta, and Turkey, in order to offer food for thought useful to identify suitable activities for the conservation, use and enhancement of the archaeological heritage, essential for our lives. -
The Accessibility of Archaeological Areas in Urban Contexts: The Valorisation of the Archaeological Areas of San Giorgio and Castello San Pietro in the Wake of the I-Access Project
Clelia La MantiaThe chapter delves into the challenges and strategies for enhancing the accessibility and valorisation of archaeological sites in urban settings. It highlights the I-Access project's methodology in making urban centres, like Palermo, more accessible, particularly focusing on the archaeological areas of San Giorgio and Castello San Pietro. The text discusses the historical significance of these sites, their current state of inaccessibility, and proposes innovative approaches to integrate them into the city's cultural fabric. It also draws on successful experiences from other cities and emphasises the need for multi-criteria analysis to ensure sustainable and effective valorisation projects. The chapter concludes with future perspectives, stressing the importance of extending these efforts to other urban contexts and creating comprehensive databases for ongoing research and management.AI Generated
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AbstractThe I-Access project, developed for the historic centres of Palermo and Valletta (Malta), has made it possible to verify a method for the regeneration of the two historic centres, with the aim of improving both physical and cultural accessibility of the heritage. It is now necessary to enlarge the range of action of the project, also including another type of heritage, that of archaeological areas in an urban setting. In particular, the reference is to the case of the archaeological areas of San Giorgio and Castello San Pietro, located in an extended archaeological area in the historic centre of Palermo. These areas today are abandoned, fenced and inaccessible, despite being fundamental elements for the knowledge and understanding of the evolutionary history of the city. It is possible to carry out a valorisation project, with the aim of full accessibility, by implementing the methodology already tested and by using a more structured and adaptable approach to an extended and complex heritage, as already done in other experiences taken as a reference and cited in this paper, which also helps in the objectification of the results. An approach borrowed in part from the technological area and in part from the valuation disciplines. In particular, reference is made to the application of precise multi-criteria analysis, therefore to the systematic collection of data on the basis of objective criteria, which in the design phase allow us to understand at the same time the criticalities and strengths in support of the valorisation project, in subsequently, they allow the quality control of the project itself (both on a territorial and architectural scale) and, finally, they allow a continuous monitoring of the conditions of usability of the site, according to principles that respond to the so-called “planned conservation”. -
Multidimensional Approach to Evaluation of Weathering Degree of Lower Plant on Stone Cultural Heritage in Cambodia
Myoungju Choie, Myeng Seong Lee, Sovann In, Sineth Oum, Yu Gun Chun, Ji Hyun Yoo, Jung A KangThe chapter delves into the multifaceted evaluation of weathering impacts on Cambodia's stone cultural heritage, particularly those from the Angkor period. It highlights the challenges posed by high temperatures and humidity, which facilitate the growth of lower plants and lichens. These organisms cause significant damage to stone structures, including the collapse of ancient temples like the Nokorbachey Temple. The study employs advanced techniques such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and the Normal Distribution Vegetation Index (NDVI) to monitor and assess the extent of biodeterioration. The research underscores the need for continuous monitoring and appropriate conservation strategies to preserve these irreplaceable cultural treasures. By presenting a detailed analysis of the damage patterns and offering practical solutions, the chapter provides valuable insights for professionals in the field of cultural heritage conservation.AI Generated
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AbstractThe West Gate of Nokorbachey Temple, built by King Jayavarman VII in the Angkor period (12–13 c), is decorated with bas-relief on medium-grained sandstone. It is being damaged by lower plants such as algae and lichens, which inhabit the surface of the stone and produce organic acids, releasing minerals into the soil and causing physical damage when removed. The high temperature, humid climate and spore reproduction of lower plants make it impossible to completely solve the biological damage of stone cultural properties in Cambodia. Thus, it is necessary to collect data on biological distribution and activity through monitoring and establish scientific conservation measures based on the analysis. In particular, because damage by lower plants is a three-dimensional damage type that accompanies the corrosion of stone through biochemical action rather than simple biofilm formation, quantitative and qualitative evaluations were carried out in parallel. In this West Gate, the incidence rate of photosynthetic algae and lichens is close to 80%; however, the bas-relief showed relatively little coverage and vitality due to the role of roof shading. As a result, partial cleaning and consolidation of the two passage gates and the right area of the external side are required due to the high level of biological weathering. -
Activating and Institutionalising Heritage Regulations in Sacred Historic Cities: The Case of Vrindavan, India
Charlie Gupta, Ridhu Dhan GahalotThis chapter delves into the complexities of activating and institutionalising heritage regulations in sacred historic cities, using Vrindavan, India, as a case study. It begins by defining heritage and sacredscape, highlighting the significance of sacred cities in national and global identity. The chapter then explores the challenges posed by rapid urbanisation and tourism, which threaten the cultural and spiritual integrity of these cities. It offers a comprehensive overview of the current state of Vrindavan, including its historical evolution, present condition, and existing government initiatives. The chapter concludes by proposing strategies for activating awareness and enforcing heritage regulations, emphasising the need for a new regulatory framework to preserve the cultural identity of sacred historic cities.AI Generated
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AbstractIndia is a country with a rich and diverse heritage due to the numerous ethnicities and religions that have settled in the region over thousands of years. The country has many historic cities with unique and complex architectural heritage, which attract millions of tourists worldwide. However, due to rapid urbanisation and intensive development, these heritage assets are often neglected and at risk of being lost. This paper aims to address this issue by integrating planning and urban conservation paradigms to ensure heritage regulations and awareness towards sensitive development in historic cities. The case of Vrindavan, a prominent heritage city in northern India, is examined as an example. With its unique cultural identity under threat from rapid expansion, this study proposes a methodological approach to preserve and conserve the heritage fabric of the city and generate awareness among locals and tourists. This study could be used as a basis for future research and to suggest strategies and recommendations for conserving and revitalising other historic cities worldwide.
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- Title
- Conservation of Architectural Heritage (CAH)
- Editors
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Maria Luisa Germanà
Natsuko Akagawa
Antonella Versaci
Nicola Cavalagli
- Copyright Year
- 2024
- Publisher
- Springer International Publishing
- Electronic ISBN
- 978-3-031-33222-7
- Print ISBN
- 978-3-031-33221-0
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33222-7
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