Control optimization of grid-connected PMSG wind turbine with OOBO algorithm and cascade PI-PID controller

The transition to renewable energy is imperative to address fuel and oil depletion. However, integrating renewable energy into the current power system poses several challenges, such as harmonic injection into the grid. This study focuses on the integration of the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) wind turbine into the grid, aiming to maximize energy extraction while minimizing harmonic injection. The proposed approach involves incorporating control loops, including tip speed ratio (TSR) Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control, Machine Side Converter (MSC) control, and Grid Side Converter (GSC) control. In contrast with the previous works that employed a simple proportional–integral (PI) controller in these loops, this study integrates a cascade PI-PID controller and optimizes it using an algorithm called OOBO, assisted by the Integral of Squared Error (ISE) objective function. Furthermore, a novel method for determining weights is introduced to enhance the algorithm's understanding of the optimization problem and accelerate its arrival at the optimal solution. The results of the OOBO-PI-PID control are compared with GA-PI, demonstrating efficiency in maximizing wind turbine power extraction. The proposed approach achieved a more stable \({C}_{{\text{pmax}}}\) equal to 0.48, with a 34% reduction in harmonics of current and a 72% reduction in harmonics of voltage injected into the grid. These improvements were attributed to the OOBO optimization algorithm, which obtained optimal settings for all cascade controllers.