Skip to main content
Top
Published in:
Cover of the book

2019 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

1. Cooperation and the Role of Autonomy in Automated Driving

Authors : Gina Wessel, Eugen Altendorf, Constanze Schreck, Yigiterkut Canpolat, Frank Flemisch

Published in: Control Strategies for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems and Autonomous Driving Functions

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

While automation in human–machine systems can increase safety and comfort, the 2016 lethal crash of an automated vehicle demonstrates that automation is not without its risk. Indeed, accidents from the air traffic domain also demonstrate that cooperation between human and machine is crucial and interaction design must be devoted great care. Therefore, the present paper aims at developing design recommendations to reduce the risks of lethal crashes with automated vehicles. To this end, the concepts of cooperation and autonomy are closely investigated. These two terms are central to research on human machine cooperation; however, the present definition of cooperation and the role of autonomy might be further specified for the domain of automated driving. Therefore, selected perspectives from different scientific fields (e.g., sociology and psychology) will be presented in order to develop a differentially inspired working definition of cooperation, which is tailored to the automated driving domain. Another goal of this approach is to investigate different views on the concept of autonomy, which is often entailed in work on cooperation. This can help clarify the role of autonomy in automated driving in particular. Moreover, insights from the presented theories and findings on cooperation can be transferred to the interaction design of automated vehicles. Accordingly, recommendations for interaction design will be presented. Finally, an example for the implementation of the working definition and the design recommendations will be presented by describing a prototype for automated driving—the H-mode prototype.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
1.
go back to reference AAIC: REPORT on the investigation into the crash of A310-308, registration F-OGQS, on 22 March 1994 near the city of Mezhdurechensk. aviation-safety.net (1994) AAIC: REPORT on the investigation into the crash of A310-308, registration F-OGQS, on 22 March 1994 near the city of Mezhdurechensk. aviation-safety.net (1994)
3.
go back to reference Altendorf, E., Baltzer, M., Heesen, M., Kienle, M., Weißgerber, T., Flemisch, F.: H-mode. In: H. Winner, S. Hakuli, F. Lotz, C. Singer (eds.) Handbook of Driver Assistance Systems: Basic Information, Components and Systems for Active Safety and Comfort, pp. 1499–1518. Springer, Cham (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12352-3_60 Altendorf, E., Baltzer, M., Heesen, M., Kienle, M., Weißgerber, T., Flemisch, F.: H-mode. In: H. Winner, S. Hakuli, F. Lotz, C. Singer (eds.) Handbook of Driver Assistance Systems: Basic Information, Components and Systems for Active Safety and Comfort, pp. 1499–1518. Springer, Cham (2016). https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​978-3-319-12352-3_​60
4.
go back to reference Altendorf, E., Weßel, G., Baltzer, M., Canpolat, Y., Flemisch, F.: Joint decision making and cooperative driver-vehicle interaction during critical driving situations. i-com 15(3), 265–281 (2016) Altendorf, E., Weßel, G., Baltzer, M., Canpolat, Y., Flemisch, F.: Joint decision making and cooperative driver-vehicle interaction during critical driving situations. i-com 15(3), 265–281 (2016)
5.
go back to reference Altendorf, E., Wessel, G., Baltzer, M., Canpolat, Y., Flemisch, F.: Joint decision making and cooperative driver-vehicle interaction during critical driving situations. i-com J. Interact Media (2017) Altendorf, E., Wessel, G., Baltzer, M., Canpolat, Y., Flemisch, F.: Joint decision making and cooperative driver-vehicle interaction during critical driving situations. i-com J. Interact Media (2017)
6.
go back to reference road Automated Vehicle Standards Committee, O., et al.: Sae j3016: Taxonomy and definitions for terms related to on-road motor vehicle automated driving systems. SAE International road Automated Vehicle Standards Committee, O., et al.: Sae j3016: Taxonomy and definitions for terms related to on-road motor vehicle automated driving systems. SAE International
7.
go back to reference Axelrod, R.M.: The evolution of cooperation. Basic Books (1984) Axelrod, R.M.: The evolution of cooperation. Basic Books (1984)
8.
go back to reference Babiceanu, R.F., Chen, F.: Development and applications of holonic manufacturing systems: a survey. J Intell. Manuf. 17, 111–131 (2006)CrossRef Babiceanu, R.F., Chen, F.: Development and applications of holonic manufacturing systems: a survey. J Intell. Manuf. 17, 111–131 (2006)CrossRef
9.
go back to reference Bahner, J.: Übersteigertes Vertrauen in Automation: Der Einfluss von Fehlererfahrungen auf Complacency und Automation Bias. Ph.D. thesis, Technische Universitt Berlin, Fakultt V - Verkehrs- und Maschinensysteme (2008) Bahner, J.: Übersteigertes Vertrauen in Automation: Der Einfluss von Fehlererfahrungen auf Complacency und Automation Bias. Ph.D. thesis, Technische Universitt Berlin, Fakultt V - Verkehrs- und Maschinensysteme (2008)
10.
go back to reference Barringer, K.L.: Code Bound and down-a long way to go and a short time to get there: autonomous vehicle legislation in Illinois. S. Ill. ULJ 38, 121 (2013) Barringer, K.L.: Code Bound and down-a long way to go and a short time to get there: autonomous vehicle legislation in Illinois. S. Ill. ULJ 38, 121 (2013)
11.
go back to reference BEA: Final Report On the accident on 1st June 2009 to the Airbus A330-203 registered F-GZCP operated by Air France flight AF 447 Rio de Janeiro - Paris; Bureau dEnqutes et dAnalyses. www.skybrary.aero (2012) BEA: Final Report On the accident on 1st June 2009 to the Airbus A330-203 registered F-GZCP operated by Air France flight AF 447 Rio de Janeiro - Paris; Bureau dEnqutes et dAnalyses. www.​skybrary.​aero (2012)
12.
go back to reference Boca, R., Boca, M., Dlhan, L., Falk, K., Fuess, H., Haase, W., Jarošciak, R., Papankova, B., Renz, F., Vrbova, M., et al.: Strong cooperativeness in the mononuclear iron (ii) derivative exhibiting an abrupt spin transition above 400 k. Inorg. Chem. 40(13), 3025–3033 (2001)CrossRef Boca, R., Boca, M., Dlhan, L., Falk, K., Fuess, H., Haase, W., Jarošciak, R., Papankova, B., Renz, F., Vrbova, M., et al.: Strong cooperativeness in the mononuclear iron (ii) derivative exhibiting an abrupt spin transition above 400 k. Inorg. Chem. 40(13), 3025–3033 (2001)CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Butler, R.W., Miller, S.P., Potts, J.N., Carreno, V.A.: A formal methods approach to the analysis of mode confusion. In: Digital Avionics Systems Conference, 1998. Proceedings., 17th DASC. The AIAA/IEEE/SAE, vol. 1, pp. C41–1. IEEE (1998) Butler, R.W., Miller, S.P., Potts, J.N., Carreno, V.A.: A formal methods approach to the analysis of mode confusion. In: Digital Avionics Systems Conference, 1998. Proceedings., 17th DASC. The AIAA/IEEE/SAE, vol. 1, pp. C41–1. IEEE (1998)
14.
go back to reference Christensen, J.H.: Holonic manufacturing systems: initial architecture and standards directions. Proceedings of 1st Euro Workshop on Holonic Manufacturing Systems (1994) Christensen, J.H.: Holonic manufacturing systems: initial architecture and standards directions. Proceedings of 1st Euro Workshop on Holonic Manufacturing Systems (1994)
15.
go back to reference Christman, J.: Relational autonomy, liberal individualism, and the social constitution of selves. Philos. Stud. 117(1), 143–164 (2004)CrossRef Christman, J.: Relational autonomy, liberal individualism, and the social constitution of selves. Philos. Stud. 117(1), 143–164 (2004)CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Dietrich, E.: Thinking computers and virtual persons: essays on the intentionality of machines. Academic Press, Cambridge (2014) Dietrich, E.: Thinking computers and virtual persons: essays on the intentionality of machines. Academic Press, Cambridge (2014)
17.
go back to reference Endsley, M.R.: Designing for situation awareness: an approach to user-centered design. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2016) Endsley, M.R.: Designing for situation awareness: an approach to user-centered design. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2016)
18.
go back to reference Fiehler, R.: Kommunikation und Kooperation. Theoretische und empirische Untersuchungen zur kommunikativen Organisation kooperativer Prozesse. Linguistik Band 4. Einhorn-Verlag, Berlin (1980) Fiehler, R.: Kommunikation und Kooperation. Theoretische und empirische Untersuchungen zur kommunikativen Organisation kooperativer Prozesse. Linguistik Band 4. Einhorn-Verlag, Berlin (1980)
19.
go back to reference Flemisch, F., Abbink, D., Itoh, M., Pacaux-Lemoine, M.P., Weßel, G.: Shared control is the sharp end of cooperation: Towards a common framework of joint action, shared control and human machine cooperation. IFAC-PapersOnLine 49(19), 72–77 (2016)CrossRef Flemisch, F., Abbink, D., Itoh, M., Pacaux-Lemoine, M.P., Weßel, G.: Shared control is the sharp end of cooperation: Towards a common framework of joint action, shared control and human machine cooperation. IFAC-PapersOnLine 49(19), 72–77 (2016)CrossRef
20.
go back to reference Flemisch, F., Altendorf, E., Canpolat, Y., Weßel, G., Baltzer, M., López, D., Herzberger, N., Voß, G., Schwalm, M., Schutte, P.: Uncanny and unsafe valley of assistance and automation: First sketch and application to vehicle automation. In: Schlick C.M., Duckwitz S., Flemisch F., Frenz M., Kuz S., Mertens A., Mütze-Niewöhner S. (eds.) Advances in Ergonomic Design of Systems, Products and Processes., Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of GfA. Springer, Berlin (2016) Flemisch, F., Altendorf, E., Canpolat, Y., Weßel, G., Baltzer, M., López, D., Herzberger, N., Voß, G., Schwalm, M., Schutte, P.: Uncanny and unsafe valley of assistance and automation: First sketch and application to vehicle automation. In: Schlick C.M., Duckwitz S., Flemisch F., Frenz M., Kuz S., Mertens A., Mütze-Niewöhner S. (eds.) Advances in Ergonomic Design of Systems, Products and Processes., Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of GfA. Springer, Berlin (2016)
21.
go back to reference Flemisch, F., Baltzer, M., Altendorf, E., López, D., Rudolph, C.: Kooperativität und Arbitrierung versus Autonomie: Grundsätzliche Überlegungen zur kooperativen Automation mit anschaulichen Beispielen. 57. Fachausschusssitzung Anthropotechnik der DGLR: Kooperation und kooperative Systeme in der Fahrzeug-und Prozessfhrung (2016) Flemisch, F., Baltzer, M., Altendorf, E., López, D., Rudolph, C.: Kooperativität und Arbitrierung versus Autonomie: Grundsätzliche Überlegungen zur kooperativen Automation mit anschaulichen Beispielen. 57. Fachausschusssitzung Anthropotechnik der DGLR: Kooperation und kooperative Systeme in der Fahrzeug-und Prozessfhrung (2016)
22.
23.
go back to reference Flemisch, F., Heesen, M., Kelsch, J., Schindler, J., Preusche, C., Dittrich, J.: Shared and cooperative movement control of intelligent technical systems: Sketch of the design space of haptic-multimodal coupling between operator, co-automation, base system and environment. IFAC Proc. Volumes 43(13), 304–309 (2010)CrossRef Flemisch, F., Heesen, M., Kelsch, J., Schindler, J., Preusche, C., Dittrich, J.: Shared and cooperative movement control of intelligent technical systems: Sketch of the design space of haptic-multimodal coupling between operator, co-automation, base system and environment. IFAC Proc. Volumes 43(13), 304–309 (2010)CrossRef
24.
go back to reference Flemisch, F.O., Adams, C.A., Conway, S.R., Goodrich, K.H., Palmer, M.T., Schutte, M.C.: The H-Metaphor as a Guideline for Vehicle Automation and Interaction. Report No. NASA/TM-2003-212672. Tech. rep., Hampton, NASA Research Center (2003) Flemisch, F.O., Adams, C.A., Conway, S.R., Goodrich, K.H., Palmer, M.T., Schutte, M.C.: The H-Metaphor as a Guideline for Vehicle Automation and Interaction. Report No. NASA/TM-2003-212672. Tech. rep., Hampton, NASA Research Center (2003)
25.
go back to reference Flemisch, F.O., Bengler, K., Bubb, H., Winner, H., Bruder, R.: Towards a cooperative guidance and control of highly automated vehicles: H-mode and conduct-by-wire. Ergonomics 57(3), 343–360 (2014)CrossRef Flemisch, F.O., Bengler, K., Bubb, H., Winner, H., Bruder, R.: Towards a cooperative guidance and control of highly automated vehicles: H-mode and conduct-by-wire. Ergonomics 57(3), 343–360 (2014)CrossRef
26.
go back to reference Flemisch, F.O., Kelsch, J., Löper, C., Schieben, A., Schindler, J.: Automation spectrum, inner/outer compatibility and other potentially useful human factors concepts for assistance and automation. In: de Waard D., Flemisch F.O., Lorenz B., Oberheid H., Brookhuis K.A. (eds.) (2008), Human Factors for assistance and automation, pp. 1–16. Maastricht, the Netherlands: Shaker Publishing (2008) Flemisch, F.O., Kelsch, J., Löper, C., Schieben, A., Schindler, J.: Automation spectrum, inner/outer compatibility and other potentially useful human factors concepts for assistance and automation. In: de Waard D., Flemisch F.O., Lorenz B., Oberheid H., Brookhuis K.A. (eds.) (2008), Human Factors for assistance and automation, pp. 1–16. Maastricht, the Netherlands: Shaker Publishing (2008)
27.
go back to reference Friedman, B.: Moral responsibility and computer technology. (1990) Friedman, B.: Moral responsibility and computer technology. (1990)
28.
go back to reference Friedman, B.: It’s the computer’s fault?: reasoning about computers as moral agents. In: Conference companion on Human factors in computing systems, pp. 226–227. ACM (1995) Friedman, B.: It’s the computer’s fault?: reasoning about computers as moral agents. In: Conference companion on Human factors in computing systems, pp. 226–227. ACM (1995)
29.
go back to reference Gasser, T.M., Arzt, C., Ayoubi, M., Bartels, A., Brkle, L., Eier, J., Flemisch, F., H"acker, D., Hesse, T., Huber, W., Lotz, C., Maurer, M., Ruth-Schumacher, S., Schwarz, J., Vogt, W.: Rechtsfolgen zunehmender Fahrzeugautomatisierung - Gemeinsamer Schlussbericht der Projektgruppe. Fahrzeugtechnik F 83, Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen (BASt) (2012) Gasser, T.M., Arzt, C., Ayoubi, M., Bartels, A., Brkle, L., Eier, J., Flemisch, F., H"acker, D., Hesse, T., Huber, W., Lotz, C., Maurer, M., Ruth-Schumacher, S., Schwarz, J., Vogt, W.: Rechtsfolgen zunehmender Fahrzeugautomatisierung - Gemeinsamer Schlussbericht der Projektgruppe. Fahrzeugtechnik F 83, Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen (BASt) (2012)
30.
go back to reference Haberfellner, R., de Weck, O., Fricke, E., Vössner, S.: Systems Engineering-Principles and Application. Orell Füssli, Systems Engineering-Grundlagen und Anwendung. Zürich (2012) Haberfellner, R., de Weck, O., Fricke, E., Vössner, S.: Systems Engineering-Principles and Application. Orell Füssli, Systems Engineering-Grundlagen und Anwendung. Zürich (2012)
31.
go back to reference Hackman, J.R., Oldham, G.R.: Motivation through the design of work: test of a theory. Organizational behavior and human performance 16(2), 250–279 (1976)CrossRef Hackman, J.R., Oldham, G.R.: Motivation through the design of work: test of a theory. Organizational behavior and human performance 16(2), 250–279 (1976)CrossRef
32.
33.
go back to reference Hasegawa, T., Seki, T., Tamura, S.: Environment for developing Holonic manufacturing system applications-HMS shell. Intell. Auton. Syst. 6, 379 (2000) Hasegawa, T., Seki, T., Tamura, S.: Environment for developing Holonic manufacturing system applications-HMS shell. Intell. Auton. Syst. 6, 379 (2000)
34.
go back to reference Heesen, M., Kelsch, J., Lper, C., Flemisch, F.: Haptisch-multimodale Interaktion fr hochautomatisierte, kooperative Fahrzeugfhrung bei Fahrstreifenwechsel-, Brems- und Ausweichmanvern. In: 11. Braunschweiger Symposium Automatisierungs-, Assistenzsysteme und eingebettete Systeme fr Transportmittel (AAET) (2010) Heesen, M., Kelsch, J., Lper, C., Flemisch, F.: Haptisch-multimodale Interaktion fr hochautomatisierte, kooperative Fahrzeugfhrung bei Fahrstreifenwechsel-, Brems- und Ausweichmanvern. In: 11. Braunschweiger Symposium Automatisierungs-, Assistenzsysteme und eingebettete Systeme fr Transportmittel (AAET) (2010)
35.
go back to reference Hoc, J.M.: From human - machine interaction to human - machine cooperation. Ergonomics 43(7), 833–843 (2000)CrossRef Hoc, J.M.: From human - machine interaction to human - machine cooperation. Ergonomics 43(7), 833–843 (2000)CrossRef
36.
go back to reference Hoc, J.M., Mars, F., Milleville-Pennel, I., Jolly, É., Netto, M., Blosseville, J.M.: Human-machine cooperation in car driving for lateral safety: delegation and mutual control. Le travail humain 69(2), 153–182 (2006)CrossRef Hoc, J.M., Mars, F., Milleville-Pennel, I., Jolly, É., Netto, M., Blosseville, J.M.: Human-machine cooperation in car driving for lateral safety: delegation and mutual control. Le travail humain 69(2), 153–182 (2006)CrossRef
37.
go back to reference Hollnagel, E., Woods, D.D.: Joint cognitive systems: foundations of cognitive systems engineering. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2005)CrossRef Hollnagel, E., Woods, D.D.: Joint cognitive systems: foundations of cognitive systems engineering. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2005)CrossRef
38.
go back to reference Holzmann, F.: Adaptive cooperation between driver and assistant system. In: Adaptive Cooperation between Driver and Assistant System, pp. 11–19. Springer, Berlin (2008) Holzmann, F.: Adaptive cooperation between driver and assistant system. In: Adaptive Cooperation between Driver and Assistant System, pp. 11–19. Springer, Berlin (2008)
39.
go back to reference Hughes, D., Dornheim, M.: Automated cockpits: whos in charge. Aviation Week & Space Technology (1995) Hughes, D., Dornheim, M.: Automated cockpits: whos in charge. Aviation Week & Space Technology (1995)
40.
go back to reference Johnson, D.G.: Computer systems: moral entities but not moral agents. Ethics Inf. Technol. 8(4), 195–204 (2006)CrossRef Johnson, D.G.: Computer systems: moral entities but not moral agents. Ethics Inf. Technol. 8(4), 195–204 (2006)CrossRef
41.
go back to reference Kaber, D.B.: All that automation is... and all that autonomy should not be. Presentation given at TNO Symposium on Human Factors in Automated Systems, Soesterberg, The Netherlands (2016) Kaber, D.B.: All that automation is... and all that autonomy should not be. Presentation given at TNO Symposium on Human Factors in Automated Systems, Soesterberg, The Netherlands (2016)
42.
go back to reference Kim, T., Hinds, P.: Who should I blame? Effects of autonomy and transparency on attributions in human-robot interaction. In: ROMAN 2006-The 15th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, pp. 80–85. IEEE (2006) Kim, T., Hinds, P.: Who should I blame? Effects of autonomy and transparency on attributions in human-robot interaction. In: ROMAN 2006-The 15th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, pp. 80–85. IEEE (2006)
43.
go back to reference Kirkman, B.L., Rosen, B., Tesluk, P.E., Gibson, C.B.: The impact of team empowerment on virtual team performance: the moderating role of face-to-face interaction. Acad. Manage. J. 47(2), 175–192 (2004) Kirkman, B.L., Rosen, B., Tesluk, P.E., Gibson, C.B.: The impact of team empowerment on virtual team performance: the moderating role of face-to-face interaction. Acad. Manage. J. 47(2), 175–192 (2004)
44.
go back to reference Koestler, A.: The Act of Creation. Penguin Books, New York (1964) Koestler, A.: The Act of Creation. Penguin Books, New York (1964)
45.
go back to reference Löper, C., Flemisch, F.O.: Ein Baustein für hochautomatisiertes Fahren: Kooperative, manöverbasierte Automation in den Projekten H-Mode und HAVEit. In: 6. Workshop Fahrerassistenzsysteme, pp. 136–146. Freundeskreis Mess-und Regelungstechnik Karlsruhe eV (2009) Löper, C., Flemisch, F.O.: Ein Baustein für hochautomatisiertes Fahren: Kooperative, manöverbasierte Automation in den Projekten H-Mode und HAVEit. In: 6. Workshop Fahrerassistenzsysteme, pp. 136–146. Freundeskreis Mess-und Regelungstechnik Karlsruhe eV (2009)
46.
go back to reference NHTSA: Preliminary statement of policy concerning automated vehicles. Washington, DC pp. 1–14 (2013) NHTSA: Preliminary statement of policy concerning automated vehicles. Washington, DC pp. 1–14 (2013)
47.
go back to reference NTSB: National Transportation Safety Board: Aviation Accident Report NTSB-AAR-73-14. Tech. rep., NTSB (1973) NTSB: National Transportation Safety Board: Aviation Accident Report NTSB-AAR-73-14. Tech. rep., NTSB (1973)
49.
go back to reference Pacaux-Lemoine, M.P., Debernard, S.: Common work space for human - machine cooperation in air traffic control. Control Eng. Pract. 10(5), 571–576 (2002)CrossRef Pacaux-Lemoine, M.P., Debernard, S.: Common work space for human - machine cooperation in air traffic control. Control Eng. Pract. 10(5), 571–576 (2002)CrossRef
50.
go back to reference Parasuraman, R., Molloy, R., Singh, I.L.: Performance consequences of automation-induced’complacency. Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. 3(1), 1–23 (1993)CrossRef Parasuraman, R., Molloy, R., Singh, I.L.: Performance consequences of automation-induced’complacency. Int. J. Aviat. Psychol. 3(1), 1–23 (1993)CrossRef
51.
go back to reference Parasuraman, R., Sheridan, T.B., Wickens, C.D.: A model for types and levels of human interaction with automation. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. 30(3), 286–297 (2000)CrossRef Parasuraman, R., Sheridan, T.B., Wickens, C.D.: A model for types and levels of human interaction with automation. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. 30(3), 286–297 (2000)CrossRef
52.
go back to reference Pollard, E., Morignot, P., Nashashibi, F.: An ontology-based model to determine the automation level of an automated vehicle for co-driving. In: Information Fusion (FUSION), 2013 16th International Conference on, pp. 596–603. IEEE (2013) Pollard, E., Morignot, P., Nashashibi, F.: An ontology-based model to determine the automation level of an automated vehicle for co-driving. In: Information Fusion (FUSION), 2013 16th International Conference on, pp. 596–603. IEEE (2013)
53.
go back to reference Probst, G.J., Ulrich, H.: Anleitung zum ganzheitlichen Denken und Handeln. Haupt, Bern (1988) Probst, G.J., Ulrich, H.: Anleitung zum ganzheitlichen Denken und Handeln. Haupt, Bern (1988)
54.
go back to reference Rammert, W.: Technik in Aktion: verteiltes Handeln in soziotechnischen Konstellationen. (TUTS- Working Papers 2-2003) (2003) Rammert, W.: Technik in Aktion: verteiltes Handeln in soziotechnischen Konstellationen. (TUTS- Working Papers 2-2003) (2003)
55.
go back to reference Rammert, W.: Technik als verteilte Aktion: Wie technisches Wirken als Agentur in hybriden Aktionszusammenhängen gedeutet werden kann. TechnikHandelnWissen: Zu einer pragmatistischen Technik-und Sozialtheorie pp. 79–89 (2007) Rammert, W.: Technik als verteilte Aktion: Wie technisches Wirken als Agentur in hybriden Aktionszusammenhängen gedeutet werden kann. TechnikHandelnWissen: Zu einer pragmatistischen Technik-und Sozialtheorie pp. 79–89 (2007)
56.
go back to reference Rammert, W.: Technik und Handeln: Wenn soziales Handeln sich auf menschliches Verhalten und technische Abläufe verteilt. TechnikHandelnWissen: Zu einer pragmatistischen Technik-und Sozialtheorie pp. 91–123 (2007) Rammert, W.: Technik und Handeln: Wenn soziales Handeln sich auf menschliches Verhalten und technische Abläufe verteilt. TechnikHandelnWissen: Zu einer pragmatistischen Technik-und Sozialtheorie pp. 91–123 (2007)
57.
go back to reference Rammert, W., Schulz-Schaeffer, I.: Technik und Handeln-Wenn soziales Handeln sich auf menschliches Verhalten und technische Artefakte verteilt. (TUTS - Working Papers 4-2002) (2002) Rammert, W., Schulz-Schaeffer, I.: Technik und Handeln-Wenn soziales Handeln sich auf menschliches Verhalten und technische Artefakte verteilt. (TUTS - Working Papers 4-2002) (2002)
58.
go back to reference Rasmussen, J.: Skills, rules and knowledge; signals, signs, and symbols, and other distinctions in human performance models. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. 3(3), 257–266 (1983)CrossRef Rasmussen, J.: Skills, rules and knowledge; signals, signs, and symbols, and other distinctions in human performance models. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. 3(3), 257–266 (1983)CrossRef
59.
go back to reference Rödel, C., Stadler, S., Meschtscherjakov, A., Tscheligi, M.: Towards autonomous cars: the effect of autonomy levels on acceptance and user experience. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, pp. 1–8. ACM (2014) Rödel, C., Stadler, S., Meschtscherjakov, A., Tscheligi, M.: Towards autonomous cars: the effect of autonomy levels on acceptance and user experience. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, pp. 1–8. ACM (2014)
60.
go back to reference Salas, E., Burke, C.S., Bowers, C.A., Wilson, K.A.: Team training in the skies: does crew resource management (crm) training work? Hum. Factors: J. Hum. Factors Ergon. Soc. 43(4), 641–674 (2001)CrossRef Salas, E., Burke, C.S., Bowers, C.A., Wilson, K.A.: Team training in the skies: does crew resource management (crm) training work? Hum. Factors: J. Hum. Factors Ergon. Soc. 43(4), 641–674 (2001)CrossRef
61.
go back to reference Sanyal, B.S.: Cooperative autonomy: The dialectic of State-NGOs relationship in developing countries. International Institute for Labour Studies, (1994) Sanyal, B.S.: Cooperative autonomy: The dialectic of State-NGOs relationship in developing countries. International Institute for Labour Studies, (1994)
62.
go back to reference Sarter, N.B., Woods, D.D.: How in the world did we ever get into that mode? mode error and awareness in supervisory control. Hum. Factors 37(1), 5–19 (1995)CrossRef Sarter, N.B., Woods, D.D.: How in the world did we ever get into that mode? mode error and awareness in supervisory control. Hum. Factors 37(1), 5–19 (1995)CrossRef
63.
go back to reference Savage, I.: Comparing the fatality risks in United States transportation across modes and over time. Res. Transp. Econ. 43(1), 9–22 (2013)CrossRef Savage, I.: Comparing the fatality risks in United States transportation across modes and over time. Res. Transp. Econ. 43(1), 9–22 (2013)CrossRef
64.
go back to reference Schilcher, C., Schmiede, R., Will-Zocholl, M., Ziegler, M.: Vertrauen und Kooperationen in einer sich wandelnden Arbeitswelt–eine Einführung. In: Vertrauen und Kooperation in der Arbeitswelt, pp. 11–19. Springer, Berlin (2012)CrossRef Schilcher, C., Schmiede, R., Will-Zocholl, M., Ziegler, M.: Vertrauen und Kooperationen in einer sich wandelnden Arbeitswelt–eine Einführung. In: Vertrauen und Kooperation in der Arbeitswelt, pp. 11–19. Springer, Berlin (2012)CrossRef
65.
go back to reference Shladover, S.E.: Cooperative (rather than autonomous) vehicle-highway automation systems. IEEE Intell. Transp. Syst. Mag. 1(1), 10–19 (2009)CrossRef Shladover, S.E.: Cooperative (rather than autonomous) vehicle-highway automation systems. IEEE Intell. Transp. Syst. Mag. 1(1), 10–19 (2009)CrossRef
66.
go back to reference Snyder, C.R., Lassegard, M., Ford, C.E.: Distancing after group success and failure: basking in reflected glory and cutting off reflected failure. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 51(2), 382 (1986)CrossRef Snyder, C.R., Lassegard, M., Ford, C.E.: Distancing after group success and failure: basking in reflected glory and cutting off reflected failure. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 51(2), 382 (1986)CrossRef
67.
go back to reference Spinda, J.S.: The development of Basking in Reflected Glory BIRGing) and Cutting off Reflected Failure (CORFing) measures. J. Sport Behav. 34(4), 392 (2011) Spinda, J.S.: The development of Basking in Reflected Glory BIRGing) and Cutting off Reflected Failure (CORFing) measures. J. Sport Behav. 34(4), 392 (2011)
68.
go back to reference United Nations, E., Council, S.: Report of the sixty-eighth session of the working party on road traffic safety. In: Economic Commission for Europe, Inland Transport Committee, Working Party on Road Traffic Safety (2014) United Nations, E., Council, S.: Report of the sixty-eighth session of the working party on road traffic safety. In: Economic Commission for Europe, Inland Transport Committee, Working Party on Road Traffic Safety (2014)
69.
go back to reference Vanderhaegen, F.: Autonomy control of human-machine systems. IFAC Proc. Volumes 43(13), 398–403 (2010)CrossRef Vanderhaegen, F.: Autonomy control of human-machine systems. IFAC Proc. Volumes 43(13), 398–403 (2010)CrossRef
70.
go back to reference Wann, D.L., Hamlet, M.A., Wilson, T.M., Hodges, J.A.: Basking in reflected glory, cutting off reflected failure, and cutting off future failure: the importance of group identification. Soc. Behav. Pers.: Int. J. 23(4), 377–388 (1995)CrossRef Wann, D.L., Hamlet, M.A., Wilson, T.M., Hodges, J.A.: Basking in reflected glory, cutting off reflected failure, and cutting off future failure: the importance of group identification. Soc. Behav. Pers.: Int. J. 23(4), 377–388 (1995)CrossRef
71.
go back to reference Wiener, E.: Complacency: Is the term useful for air safety. In: Proceedings of the 26th Corporate Aviation Safety Seminar, vol. 117 (1981) Wiener, E.: Complacency: Is the term useful for air safety. In: Proceedings of the 26th Corporate Aviation Safety Seminar, vol. 117 (1981)
72.
go back to reference Wiener, E.L., Kanki, B.G., Helmreich, R.L.: Crew resource management. Academic Press, Cambridge (2010) Wiener, E.L., Kanki, B.G., Helmreich, R.L.: Crew resource management. Academic Press, Cambridge (2010)
Metadata
Title
Cooperation and the Role of Autonomy in Automated Driving
Authors
Gina Wessel
Eugen Altendorf
Constanze Schreck
Yigiterkut Canpolat
Frank Flemisch
Copyright Year
2019
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91569-2_1