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2014 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

Das transnationale Migrationsparadigma: Globale Perspektiven auf die Migrationsforschung

Author : Prof Dr. Nina Glick Schiller

Published in: Kultur, Gesellschaft, Migration.

Publisher: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden

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Zusammenfassung

Der Artikel fasst wichtige Begriffe und Ergebnisse der Transnationalismusforschung der letzten 20 Jahre zusammen und schlägt einen Bogen zu aktuellen Debatten. Er konzentriert sich vor allem auf die Kritiken des methodologischen Nationalismus, der „ethnischen Brille“ (ethnic lens) und des „Fetischs der ethnischen Vereine“. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird argumentiert, dass die aktuellen und scheinbar widersprüchlichen Migrationsdiskurse, nach denen Migrantinnen einerseits als eine Gefahr für die globale und nationale Sicherheit repräsentiert werden und andererseits als transnationale Akteure gefeiert werden, die aufgrund ihrer finanziellen Rücküberweisungen zur Entwicklung ihrer Heimatländer beitragen, einer eingehenderen Analyse bedürfen. Hinter diesen Diskursen kommen globale sozialraumstrukturierende und durchmachtete Prozesse zum Vorschein, wie das im Wandel begriffene System der Allokation von Kapital und Arbeit, die Prekarisierung von Migrantinnen und neue Formen der Gouvernementalität von Mobilität. Durch diese Analysen werden die humanitären Kosten der neoliberalen Restrukturierungen sichtbar, die durch die dominanten Sicherheits- und Entwicklungsdiskursen verdeckt werden.

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Footnotes
1
Wenn Personen unterschiedlichen Geschlechts gemeint sind, werden abwechselnd feminine und maskuline Formen verwendet.
 
2
Der englische Ausdruck „place-making“ lässt sich schwer ins Deutsche übertragen. Wir haben ihn mit „sozialraumgestaltend“ übersetzt.
 
3
Anstelle von „methodologischer Nationalismus“ bevorzugen manche Autorinnen den Begriff „Container-Modell der Gesellschaft“, um hervorzuheben, dass die meisten Gesellschaftstheoretiker – einschließlich Emile Durkheim, Max Weber und Talcott Parsons – ihr Konzept von Gesellschaft wie in einen Container in die territorialen und institutionellen Grenzen des Nationalstaates eingeschlossen haben (Urry 2000; Wolf 1982).
 
4
Im Original „racialized“ – Anm. d. Übers.
 
5
Zumindest ein Teil des Migrantenstromes erfährt eine gewisse Wertschätzung. So unterschiedliche Staaten wie Singapur und Großbritannien sind auf der Suche nach „globalen Talenten“ in Form von hochqualifizierten Einwanderern. Diese Differenzierung dient allerdings lediglich dazu, den Standpunkt zu untermauern, wonach die meisten Migranten unerwünscht sind und Migration gestoppt werden sollte.
 
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Metadata
Title
Das transnationale Migrationsparadigma: Globale Perspektiven auf die Migrationsforschung
Author
Prof Dr. Nina Glick Schiller
Copyright Year
2014
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-03626-3_6