Design and simulation of an organic–inorganic GO/P3HT/MASnI3 solar cell using the SCAPS-1D program

The rapid development in the field of organic–inorganic hybrid solar cells has led to the reporting of high power conversion efficiency. By employing the one-dimensional solar capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D), we attempted to propose materials such as graphene oxide (GO) and the methylammonium tin tri-iodide perovskite MASnI₃ (MA = CH₃NH₃), which can deliver high photovoltaic performance. SCAPS-1D modeling optimizes photovoltaic device design by simulating material properties and predicting performance, reducing trial and error. It guides improvements in device architecture and efficiency, underscoring the importance of computational methods in solar energy advancement. This work introduces a computational simulation of heterojunction solar cells consisting of n-GO/p-P3HT/p-MASnI₃. The influence of thickness, doping concentration, operational resistors, and working temperature on the photovoltaic parameters of the GO/P3HT/MASnI₃ solar cell, including short-circuit current density (J_sc), open-circuit voltage (V_oc), fill factor (FF), and power conversion efficiency (η), has been investigated. The computed parameters of the cell exhibit an efficiency of 22.46%, an open-circuit voltage of 0.5189 V, a short-circuit current density of 55.215666 mA/cm², and a fill factor of 78.40%. After optimization, the efficiency of the GO/P3HT/MASnI₃ solar cell reaches 35.63%. The results and analysis presented in this paper demonstrate that it is feasible to achieve high efficiency in solar cells using safe and non-toxic materials, such as GO and MASnI₃.