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2021 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

8. Design of Condition Safety

Author : Heiner Bubb

Published in: Automotive Ergonomics

Publisher: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden

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Abstract

The general structural scheme of the human-machine system in ◘ Fig. 1.9 as well as the description of the sub-areas of ergonomics in ► Chap. 1 identifies so-called environmental ergonomics as an important sub-area of this science. Environment influence the driver’s interaction with his vehicle. With regard to environmental influences, a distinction must be made between physical and social environmental influences. The latter cannot be ergonomically designed (The notice in public vehicles (bus, tram) “Do not speak to the driver” refers to these social environmental influences. It is intended to ensure that the driver is not distracted from his or her actual task by being involved in a conversation or by annoyance with unpleasant contemporaries). The “classical” physical environmental factors are lighting, sound (“noise“), mechanical vibrations (“suspension”), climate (“heating and air conditioning”) and odour. The influence of these factors on the driver can be positive or negative in the sense of stimulation or stress. This is why they make a significant contribution to so-called condition safety, because with the right design they can ensure that the driver remains awake and motivated. In addition, only the factors of climate and odour influence the flow of information between driver and vehicle in the sense of a control disturbance. For the factors lighting, sound and mechanical vibrations, in addition to this influencing property, they also provide direct feedback regarding the driving process. Using the example of speed perception, the influences sight, auditory sense, and kinaesthesia could be filtered out in a combined experiment of simulator and real experiments (Bubb. Journal of Ergonomics. 31:103–112, 1977). Using all sensory channels, a relatively good perception of the speed level is given with a tendency to slightly over- and underestimate depending on the speed sequence. If only individual sensory channels are available, speed differences may be perceived too little or not at all. Combinations of sensory channels may occasionally lead to an improvement in the perception of speed differences and speed levels, but also to the opposite.

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In order to avoid undesired light adaptation, red light illumination was previously provided in the interior of submarines. Today it is known that so-called filtered white light (the extreme blue range is filtered out) has the best effect in terms of preventing light adaptation.

Engine orders: Frequencies which are caused by the speed-dependent so-called ignition peaks and engine vibrations.

The above-mentioned experiments were carried out in the mid-eighties; today’s interior noise levels are about 10 dB lower than these measurements. This means a halving of the perceived volume.

In principle, this method only works for limited areas within the vehicle cabin. For reasons of energy conservation, the amplitude of the corresponding frequencies must be doubled at other points by the additional introduction of the compensation sound.

The constant engine speed during the acceleration process in the initial designs of CVT transmissions was also judged negatively by most drivers.

A well-known example of this is the ticking of the clock, which disturbs sleep once attention has been drawn to it.

AI and STI differ only in the determination of the S/N ratio (for details see Zeller, 2011, chapter 8.4)

Mounting loudspeakers on flexible cladding parts can cause them to vibrate mechanically, thereby also reducing the acoustic efficiency of the loudspeaker.

A particularly critical vehicle in this context was the Citroën DS 19 with its soft hydropneumatic suspension.

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In the accessories trade there was also an additional pane of glass with electric wires to be glued to the windscreen, which was intended to create a clear view in this area.

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In an apparatus known as a psychrometer, the temperature is measured with a thermometer, the sensor of which is surrounded by a moistened wad of cotton wool and fanned with prescribed air movement. Evaporative cooling removes heat from the thermometer so that it indicates a lower temperature than the so-called dry temperature measured in parallel. The lower the relative humidity, the greater the difference. The value obtained in this way is called the “wet bulb temperature”.

For detailed calculations of these data, please refer to the detailed treatment of Großmann (2013).

. Fig. 8.23 shows the sometimes extreme air velocities that are necessary without air conditioning in order to achieve an effective temperature of 23 Ceff.

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Title: Design of Condition Safety
Author: Heiner Bubb
Publisher: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden
Book: Automotive Ergonomics
Print ISBN: 978-3-658-33940-1

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-658-33941-8

Copyright Year: 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-33941-8_8

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