Designing Extraterrestrial Habitats on Mars and the Moon: An Overview of Environmental Conditions and Design Considerations

In the past few decades, with growing knowledge of space science and technology, the interest in the possibility of constructing habitats on other celestial bodies has increased. These extraterrestrial habitats, while providing places for humans to live and work and protecting them from the harsh space environment, serve as the next step in humanity's journey in space exploration. This study aims to provide an overview of the environmental conditions that structures to be built in extraterrestrial habitats have to endure, such as radiation, atmosphere, gravity, and temperature, specifically on the Moon and Mars. The study also makes an analysis of the considerations to be taken into account during the habitat design process according to these environmental factors. The study suggests that in order to establish successful extraterrestrial habitats, several key themes and challenges need to be addressed. It is suggested that the resolution of the technical, logistical, and human factors is possible through collaborative and multidisciplinary research and development.