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Determination of the optimal sizes and locations of hydrogen refueling stations for deploying hydrogen locomotives using multi-objective particle swarm optimization

  • 31-10-2025
  • Optimization
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Abstract

This article explores the strategic placement and sizing of hydrogen refueling stations (HRS) to support the deployment of hydrogen-powered locomotives in the hilly regions of Northeast India. The study addresses the challenges of transitioning from diesel to hydrogen-powered trains, particularly in areas where electric locomotives are impractical due to terrain and infrastructure limitations. The research employs a multi-objective optimization approach using SPEA2-based-MOBPSO to minimize both the total cost of ownership and the average cost of refueling over a specified planning period. The article investigates three different cases of HRS deployment, analyzing the trade-offs between infrastructure investment and operational efficiency. The findings highlight the importance of a well-structured HRS layout to ensure smooth traffic flow, precise scheduling, and efficient fuel management. The study concludes with practical recommendations for minimizing downtime, reducing range anxiety, and addressing congestion, ultimately fostering regional economic growth and job opportunities.

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Title
Determination of the optimal sizes and locations of hydrogen refueling stations for deploying hydrogen locomotives using multi-objective particle swarm optimization
Authors
Upasana Sarma
Sanjib Ganguly
Publication date
31-10-2025
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Soft Computing / Issue 23-24/2025
Print ISSN: 1432-7643
Electronic ISSN: 1433-7479
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-025-10847-x
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