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Significance of Ammonothermal Synthesis for Nitride Materials Read chapter Read first chapter

2021 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

8. Direct Determination of Viscosity of Supercritical Solutions

Authors : Thomas G. Steigerwald, Eberhard Schlücker

Published in: Ammonothermal Synthesis and Crystal Growth of Nitrides

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

The following chapter is mainly aimed at simulators and crystal growers, as viscosity has an influence on the flow behaviour in the reactor and the diffusion coefficient in the crystal’s vicinity. So, the chapter gives an overview of influencing factors to viscosity in ammonothermal media, which are the pressure and temperature as well as the concentration of used mineralizers. Therefore, different possible viscometers are described and discussed in detail for its potential use in ammonothermal media. Hereby two promising options are presented in detail: a modified rolling ball viscometer as well as an adaptation of the ultrasonic pulse-echo method for viscosity measurement for ammonothermal systems. While the last is mostly based on literature research and only some general prove of principle are carried out, the first one is fully described and analysed during operation. This means for the adaptation of this principle four critical aspects have to be overcome. As a result, the viscosity of ammonia in the range above 400 °C up to 600 °C at maximum pressure of 252 MPa is shown. Additionally, some measurements of ammonia-ammonium-fluoride-mixtures are compared with pure ammonia, whereas the viscosity is about 1.4 times lager with ammonium fluoride then without.

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previous chapter Ultrasound Measurement as a Tool for in Situ Determination of Filling Degree Under Extreme Conditions
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Metadata
Title
Direct Determination of Viscosity of Supercritical Solutions
Authors
Thomas G. Steigerwald
Eberhard Schlücker
Copyright Year
2021
Book
Ammonothermal Synthesis and Crystal Growth of Nitrides

Print ISBN: 978-3-030-56304-2

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-56305-9

Copyright Year: 2021

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56305-9_8