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2022 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

3. Displacement Crises, Fragile States and Development Cooperation: Why Governance Support is Needed to Reduce Reasons to Flee

Author : Jörn Grävingholt

Published in: Forced Displacement and Migration

Publisher: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden

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Abstract

When people flee their country, this usually indicates that their government has given up on parts of its population. In order to prevent displacement crises, this kind of state fragility needs to be countered. Fragility is a governance failure that cannot be overcome without transforming political institutions. Development cooperation must be geared towards addressing state fragility more comprehensively, with governance support playing a key role in this context.

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previous chapter Trends, Drivers, and Dynamics of Flight and Migration

next chapter Humanitarian–Development Integration? Comparing ‘Linking Relief, Rehabilitation and Development’, ‘Early Recovery’, ‘Resilience’ and the ‘Triple Nexus’

For more on the role of development policy as a catalyst for transformation processes in the global multi-level system, cf. Grävingholt (2016).

For more on the cost-effectiveness of prevention cf. UN and World Bank (2018).

Cf. for example Chauvet/Collier (2004), DFID (2005), OECD (2007).

For more background information on the term see Faust et al. (2015).

In a recent paper, this author and his co-authors have used a slightly modified terminology, referring to the three core functions as violence control, implementation capacity and empirical legitimacy (Ziaja et al. 2019). For reasons of simplicity, this chapter employs the older, somewhat more established trinity of authority, capacity and legitimacy (see also Carment et al. 2010: 76ff.).

Many development organisations address the promotion of governance (and democracy) and the thematic area ‘crisis prevention, conflict management and peacebuilding’ in separate divisions. In substance, however, and particularly in the context of state fragility, they belong closely together and should generally be understood as a common field of activity – including where they affect the responsibilities of various government departments or ministries. Where I mention the promotion of good governance in the following, I refer to this entire field of activity.

For an unconventional but thought-provoking and constructive discussion of the challenges of promoting good governance, cf. Whaites et al. (2015).

Carment, David, Stewart Prest, and Yiagadeesen Samy. 2010. Security, development, and the fragile state. London: Routledge.

Chauvet, Lisa, and Paul Collier. 2004. Development Effectiveness in Fragile States: Spillovers and Turnarounds. Oxford: Centre for the Study of African Economies, Department of Economics, Oxford University. https://gsdrc.org/document-library/development-effectiveness-in-fragile-states-spillovers-and-turnarounds/ (Accessed 5 September 2020).

DFID. 2005. Why we need to work more effectively in fragile states. London: Department for International Development. https://gsdrc.org/document-library/why-we-need-to-work-more-effectively-in-fragile-states/ (Accessed 5 September 2020).

Faust, Jörg, Jörn Grävingholt, and Sebastian Ziaja. 2015. Foreign aid and the fragile consensus on state fragility. Journal of International Relations and Development 18(4): 407–427. https://doi.org/10.1057/jird.2013.23.CrossRef

Fiedler, Charlotte, Jörn Grävingholt, and Karina Mross. 2017. Identifying Pathways to Peace: How Post-Conflict Support Can Help Prevent Relapse of War. Background paper for UN-WB Flagship Study ‘Pathways for Peace: Inclusive Approaches to Preventing Violent Conflict’. Bonn: German Development Institute (DIE).

Grävingholt, Jörn. 2016. Entwicklungspolitik im Gefüge einer “neuen deutschen Außenpolitik”. Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte 66(28–29): 38–43.

Grävingholt, Jörn, Sebastian Ziaja and Merle Kreibaum. 2015. Disaggregating state fragility: a method to establish a multidimensional empirical typology. Third World Quarterly 36(7): 1281–1298. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2015.1038340.CrossRef

Grävingholt, Jörn, Sebastian Ziaja, Constantin Ruhe, Patrick Fink, Merle Kreibaum, and Christopher Wingens. 2018. Constellations of State Fragility v1.0. German Development Institute (DIE). https://doi.org/10.23661/CSF1.0.0.

IDMC. 2019. Global Internal Displacement Database. Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre. https://www.internal-displacement.org/database/displacement-data/ (Accessed 1 September 2020).

Jones, Sam, and Finn Tarp. 2015. Does foreign aid harm political institutions? Vol. 094, WIDER Working Paper. Helsinki: UNU-WIDER.

Mross, Karina. 2019. First peace, then democracy? Evaluating strategies of international support at critical junctures after civil war. International Peacekeeping 26(2), 190–215. https://doi.org/10.1080/13533312.2018.1557052.CrossRef

Mross, Karina. 2020. Disaggregating democracy support to explain peaceful democratization after civil wars. Unpublished manuscript. Bonn.

OECD. 2007. Principles for Good International Engagement in Fragile States and Situations. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.

UNHCR. 2015. UNHCR Population Statistics. https://www.unhcr.org/refugee-statistics/ (Accessed 5 September 2020).

UNHCR. 2019. UNHCR Global Trends 2019. Geneva: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. https://www.unhcr.org/globaltrends2019/ (Accessed 1 September 2020).

UN and World Bank. 2018. Pathways for Peace: Inclusive Approaches to Preventing Violent Conflict. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.CrossRef

Westendorf, Jasmine-Kim. 2015. Why Peace Processes Fail: Negotiating Insecurity After Civil War. Boulder: Lynne Rienner.

Whaites, Alan, Eduardo Gonzalez, Sara Fyson, and Graham Teskey, Eds. 2015. A governance practitioner’s notebook: alternative ideas and approaches. Paris: OECD. http://www.oecd.org/dac/accountable-effective-institutions/Governance%20Notebook.pdf (Accessed 5 September 2020).

World Bank. 2017. World Development Report 2017: Governance and the Law. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.CrossRef

Ziaja, Sebastian, Jörn Grävingholt, and Merle Kreibaum. 2019. Constellations of Fragility: an Empirical Typology of States. Studies in Comparative International Development 54, 299–321. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12116-019-09284-3.CrossRef

Title: Displacement Crises, Fragile States and Development Cooperation: Why Governance Support is Needed to Reduce Reasons to Flee
Author: Jörn Grävingholt
Publisher: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden
Book: Forced Displacement and Migration
Print ISBN: 978-3-658-32901-3

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-658-32902-0

Copyright Year: 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-32902-0_3

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