Skip to main content
Disciplines
Automotive Business IT + Informatics Construction + Real Estate Electrical Engineering + Electronics Energy + Sustainability Insurance + Risk Finance + Banking Management + Leadership Marketing + Sales Mechanical Engineering + Materials
Events
DE
EN
Books
Journals
Topic Page
Marketing
Start single access now
Access for companies
EXTENDED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Published in:
Nile River Biography and its Journey from Origin to End Read chapter Read first chapter

2017 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

Distribution of Natural Radioactivity in the Egyptian Part of the Nile River from Aswan to El-Minia

Author : Ayman A. El-Gamal

Published in: The Nile River

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Ionizing radiation has sufficient energy to ionize molecules and has different forms such as electromagnetic waves (gamma and X-rays) and high-energy particles (alpha and beta). Background radiation is the natural level of radioactivity from the environment such as from cosmic radiation. According to the IAEA, soil typically contains the following four natural radioisotopes: 40K as single occurrence, 226Ra, 238U, and 232Th as radioactive series. Different measurements of natural radioactivity were executed in the sediments of the Upper Egypt part of the Nile River. The ranges and average activity concentrations of the detected radionuclides 226Ra (238U), 232Th, and 40K were 3.82–34.94 (16.3), 2.88–30.10 (12.9), and 112.31–312.98 (200.21) Bq/kg, respectively, during 2007 according to El-Gamal and his group. Also, their ranges and concentrations were 13–42 (29), 10–67 (45), and 74–139 (123) Bq/kg, respectively, during 2012 according to El-Taher and Abbady and 7–188 (50.6), 8–117 (41.3), and 47–412 (242.8) Bq/kg, respectively, during 2013 according to Issa and his group. El-Gamal and his group detected the range of the total absorbed dose rates during 2007 from 12.71 ± 0.96 to 38.17 ± 1.55 nGy/h with average 24.17 ± 7.3 nGy/h.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now
previous chapter Bed Morphological Changes of the Nile River DS Major Barrages
next chapter Assessment of Water Quality and Bed Sediments of the Nile River from Aswan to Assiut, Egypt
Literature
1.
2.
Choudhry U (2009) Half life, radioactive waste in India, Toxics link for toxics free world, New Delhi, Chennai, India
3.
4.
USDL (2005) Occupational exposure to ionizing radiation, vol 70. U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety & Health Administration, pp 22828–22835
5.
Michel R (2001) Environmental radioactivity measuring methods, proceedings ECORAD 2001, AIX EN PROVENCE. In: Brechingnac F, Howard BJ (eds) Radioactive pollutants – impact on the environment. EDP Science. Les Ulis, France, 3–7 September 2001, pp 27–62
6.
Michel R (2000) Quality assurance of nuclear analytical techniques based on Bayesian characteristic limits, PROC. MTAA-10. J Radioanal Chem 245:137–144CrossRef
7.
Weise K, Michel R (1995) Erkennungsgrenzen, Nachweisgrenzen and Vertrauensbereich in der allgemeinen Kernstrahlungs-Spektrometrie. Kerntechnik 60:189–196
8.
IAEA (2000) Generic procedures for assessment and response during a radiological emergency. IAEA-TECDOC-1162, International Atomic Energy Agency
9.
NCRP (1983) Environmental radioactivity. In: Proceedings of the nineteenth annual meeting of the national council on radiation protection and measurements, National Academy of Sciences, Washington DC, 6–7 April 1983
10.
NCRP (1976) Environmental radiation measurements, recommendations of the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements NCRP Report No. 50
11.
Harley NH, Pasternak BS (1979) Potential carcinogenic effects of actinides in the environment. Health Phys 37:291
12.
Eisenbud M (1982) Conclusions derived from the 1975 conference on area of high natural radioactivity; Natural radiation environment. In: Proceeding of special symposium on natural radiation environment, Wiley Eastern Limited, India, 19–23 January 1981
13.
El-Naggar AM (1990) Environmental radioactivity; sources and effects on man. In: El-Raey M (ed) Regional symposium environmental studies (UNARC), Alexandria University
14.
Eggebert WS, Pfennig G, Münzel H (1974) Chart of the nuclides. Gesellschaft für Kernforschung mbH, Karlsruhe
15.
Ammar AA, Wassef SN, Meleik ML, Fouad KM, Dabbour GA (1983) Remote surface and laboratory detection of radioactive minerals of Rosetta black sand beach deposits. Egypt Int J Remote Sens 4(4):739–754CrossRef
16.
El-Saharty AA (2013) Radioactive survey of coastal water and sediments across Alexandria and Rashid coasts. Egypt J Aquat Res 39:21–30CrossRef
17.
Dabbour GA (1994) The Egyptian placer deposits- a potential source for nuclear raw materials. In: Second Arab conference on the peaceful uses of atomic energy, Cairo, 5–9 November 1994
18.
El-Gamal AA (2004) Assessment of radioactivity along the Mediterranean coast of Egypt. Ph.D. Thesis, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University
19.
20.
El-Gamal A, Nasr S, Eltaher A (2007) Study of the spatial distribution of natural radioactivity in the upper Egypt Nile sediments. Radiat Meas 42(3):457–465CrossRef
21.
El-Taher A, Abbady AGE (2012) Natural radioactivity levels and associated radiation hazards in Nile River sediments from Aswan to El-Minia, Upper Egypt. Indian J Pure Appl Phys 50:224–230
22.
Issa S, Uosif M, Elsaman R (2013) Gamma radioactivity measurements in Nile River sediment samples. Turkish J Eng Environ Sci 37:109–122
23.
24.
Ibrahiem NM, Shawky SM, Amer HA (1995) Radioactivity levels in lake Nasser sediments. Appl Radial Isot 46(5):297–299CrossRef
25.
Ibrahiem NM, Abd El Ghani AH, Shawky SM, Ashraf EM, Farouk MA (1993) Measurement of radioactivity levels in soil in the Nile delta & middle Egypt. Health Phys 64(6):620–627CrossRef
26.
Siddeeg SMB, Alfatih AKS, Osman AA, Salih I, Khalid MAA (2009) Distribution of 238U, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs in River Nile sediments, Khartoum, Sudan. Phil Nat 1(1):109–120
27.
Travidon G, Flouro H, Angelopoulos A, Sakellioou L (1996) Environmental study of the radioactivity of the spas in the Island of Ikaria Greece. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 63:63–67CrossRef
28.
Kemru MN (1997) Possible uranium rich areas in the Aegean region of Turkey. Appl Radiat Isot 48:295–299CrossRef
29.
Bikit I, Slivka J, Vesković M, Varga E, Žikić-Todorović N, Mrđa D, Forkapić S (2006) Measurement of Danube sediment radioactivity in Serbia and Montenegro using gamma ray spectrometry. Radiat Meas 41:477–481CrossRef
30.
Cukrov N, Barišić D (2006) Spatial distribution of 40K and 232Th in recent sediments of the Krka River Estuary. Croatia Chem Acta 79(1):115–118
31.
Yeager KM, Santschi PH, Philips JD, Herbert BE (2002) Sources of alluvium in a coastal plain stream based on radionuclide signatures from the 238U and 232Th decay series. Water Resour Res 38(11):1242, 24-1-24-11
32.
Baeza A, del Rio M, Miró C, Paniagua JM (1992) Natural radioactivity in soils of the province of Cáceres (Spain). Radiat Prot Dosimetry 45(1–4):261–263CrossRef
33.
McAulay IR, Morgan D (1988) Natural radioactivity in soil in the Republic of Ireland. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 24(1–4):47–49CrossRef
34.
Carreiro MCV, Sequeira MMA (1988) 226Ra and 228Ac in a freshwater ecosystem. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 24(1–4):133–137CrossRef
35.
Lambrechts A, Foulquier L, Garnier-Laplace J (1992) Natural radioactivity in the aquatic components of the main French rivers. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 45(1–4):253–256CrossRef
36.
Battaglia A, Bramati L (1988) Environmental radiation survey around a coal-fired power plant site. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 24(1–4):407–410CrossRef
37.
Stranden E, Strand T (1988) Radon in an Alum Shale Rich Norwegian Area. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 24(1–4):367–370CrossRef
38.
Deworm JP, Slegers W, Gillard J, Flemal JM, Culst JP (1988) Survey of the natural radiation of Belgium territory as determined by different methods. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 24(1–4):347–351CrossRef
39.
Megumi K, Oka T, Doi M, Kimura S, Tsujimoto T, Ishiyama T, Katsurayama K (1988) Relationships between the concentrations of natural radionuclides and the mineral composition of the surface soil. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 24(1–4):69–72CrossRef
40.
Köster HW, Keen A, Pennders RMJ, Bannink DW, de Winkel JH (1988) Linear regression models for the natural radioactivity (238U, 232Th and 40K) in Dutch soils: a key to anomalies. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 24(1–4):63–68CrossRef
41.
Ziqiang P, Yin Y, Mingqiang G (1988) Natural radiation and radioactivity in China. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 24(1–4):29–38CrossRef
42.
Delune RD, Jones GL, Smith CJ (1986) Radionuclide concentrations in Louisiana soils and sediments. Health Phys 51:239–244
43.
UNSCEAR (2000) Exposures from natural radiation sources. United Nations Scientific Committee on Effects of Atomic Radiation, UNSCEAR Report, New York
44.
El-Gamal A, Saleh I, Nas S, Naim M (2006) Radiological assessment of the Egyptian Mediterranean coast. In: Isotopes in environmental studies, Aquatic Forum 2004, Proceedings of an international conference held in Monaco, 25–29 October 2004 organized by IAEA, IAEA-CN-118/31P, pp 290–291
45.
El-Tahawy MS, El-Moafy W, Higgy R (2001) Radiological investigation of the East Nile estuary to the Mediterranean Sea. In: Ocean/atmosphere biogeochemical coupling symposium, organized by the International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans (IAPSO), IM01-15
46.
Ismail SS, Unfried E, Grass F (1993) Distribution of 137Cs and 228Ra in the sediments of Aswan High Dam Lake. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 186(2):143–155CrossRef
47.
Khater AE, Ebaid YY, El-Mongy SA (2005) Distribution pattern of natural radionuclides in Lake Nasser bottom sediments. Int Congr Ser 1276:405–406CrossRef
48.
Saleh I, El-Gamal A, Nasr S, Naim M (2006) Spatial and temporal variations of uranium and thorium series along the Egyptian Mediterranean coast. In: Isotopes in environmental studies, Aquatic Forum 2004, Proceedings of an international conference held in Monaco, 25–29 October 2004 organized by IAEA, IAEA-CN-118/113P, pp 452–454
49.
Yu KN, Guan ZJ, Stocks MJ, Young EC (1992) The assessment of natural radiation dose in Egyptian population from radio contaminated food after Chernobyl accident. In: El-Raey M (ed) Regional symposium environmental studies (UNAR) Alexandria
Metadata
Title
Distribution of Natural Radioactivity in the Egyptian Part of the Nile River from Aswan to El-Minia
Author
Ayman A. El-Gamal
Copyright Year
2017
Book
The Nile River

Print ISBN: 978-3-319-59086-8

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-59088-2

Copyright Year: 2017

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2016_94