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Journal of Business and Psychology

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28-03-2020 | Original Paper

Distributive Justice: Investigating the Impact of Resource Focus and Resource Valence

Authors: Biyun Hu, Soojung Han

Published in: Journal of Business and Psychology | Issue 2/2021

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Abstract

Distributive justice research is inherently concerned with the fairness of resource allocation decisions. We conducted a quantitative review of the literature (study 1) and a policy capturing study (study 2) to advance understanding of the effects of distributive justice across different resource foci. Based on 261 studies (295 independent samples), study 1 suggests that the effects of distributive justice are generally comparable across different exchange resources (e.g., pay, evaluation, job change). However, the number of studies that examined a specific resource focus was very small (k ≤ 5 in most cases), and most studies have left the focus of resource allocation decisions unspecified or referred to multiple foci simultaneously. Consequently, the extant literature provides a limited basis to draw strong conclusions regarding the comparability of distributive justice effects across resource foci. In study 2, using a policy capturing approach with 220 individuals, we found that distributive justice involving pay decisions produced stronger effects on workplace reactions than other exchange resources (e.g., work schedule flexibility, recognition, interesting work assignments, and developmental opportunities). Further, the impact of distributive justice varied depending on the personal valence associated with a given resource.

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While we obtained nearly all of the articles include in Rupp et al.’s (2014) meta-analysis, we were unable to obtain the following sources: Areerat & Phapruke (2008), Cho & Kessler (2008), Elicker (2000), Freshwater (2011), Hossam (2008), Johnson (2007), Jordan (2001), Pincus (2009), Robinson (2004), Shalhoop (2003), Stein (2010), and Walker (2009). Most of these sources were unpublished dissertations.

Following equity theory (Adams, 1965), the high distributive justice cues indicated that the target was allocated the same amount of a resource as comparable others in order to appropriately reflect a state of equity. For clarification sake, indicating that a target gets more than comparable others would reflect a state of positive inequity, not greater equity. To avoid fatigue effects associated with rating too many cues, we elected to focus on negative inequity and equity, without examining positive inequity.

We also tested the hypotheses using job satisfaction, turnover intentions, and overall fairness as separate criterion variables. Substantively, the results were nearly identical whether the analyses were conducted using the aggregate scale or the three separate outcomes. For the sake of conciseness, we focus on the results involving an aggregated workplace reactions scale.

We thank anonymous reviewers for suggesting this comparison.

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Title: Distributive Justice: Investigating the Impact of Resource Focus and Resource Valence
Authors: Biyun Hu
Soojung Han
Publication date: 28-03-2020
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Journal of Business and Psychology / Issue 2/2021
Print ISSN: 0889-3268
Electronic ISSN: 1573-353X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-019-09668-1

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