Do Indoor Plants Improve Performance Outcomes?: Using the Attention Restoration Theory

The current study used the Attention Restoration Theory to investigate whether plants in an office context produced restorative effects that enable employees to perform better. This study was one of the first attempts to empirically investigate the effect of indoor plants on experiences of performance outcomes within South Africa. In this experimental study, 120 participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: (1) no plants or pictures of plants; (2) only plants; (3) only canvas pictures of plants. The rooms were identical in every other respect. Participants completed two tasks (a card-sorting task and a reading task) and two questionnaires, namely the connectedness to nature scale to assess participant’s nature identity and a perceived task performance questionnaire. The results from the ANOVA’s demonstrated a reduction in participants’ errors (F_{(2, 117)} = 7.137, p = 0.001), a positive reaction to the given task (F_{(2, 117)} = 8.904, p = 0.000), as well as reduction in participants’ task completion time (F_{(2, 117)} = 43.422, p = 0.000) in the plants condition. The result from the two-way ANOVA’s demonstrated that nature identity did not moderate the above relationships (errors: F_{(1, 114)} = 2.060, p = 0.132; completion time: F_{(1, 114)} = 0.967, p = 0.383; reaction to the task: F_{(1, 114)} = 0.017, p = 0.983).