Introduction
Theoretical Background
Entrepreneurship and Social Value Creation Beliefs
Entrepreneurship and Work-Related Well-Being
Hypotheses Development
Social Value Creation and Work-Related Well-Being
Mediating Role of Work Meaningfulness
Moderating Role of Social Concerns
Study 1
Methods and Measures
Social Value Creation Beliefs
Job Satisfaction
Control Variables
Data Analysis
Results
M | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Social value creation beliefs | 4.69 | 1.13 | |||||||
2. Job satisfaction | 4.77 | 1.06 | 0.43 | ||||||
3. Age | 50.67 | 12.49 | − 0.12 | 0.08 | |||||
4. Gender (female) | 0.28 | 0.45 | 0.11 | 0.17 | − 0.08 | ||||
5. Education | 5.49 | 1.81 | 0.08 | − 0.08 | − 0.09 | 0.01 | |||
6. Income | 8.01 | 2.42 | − 0.04 | − 0.03 | − 0.07 | − 0.06 | 0.14 | ||
7. Marital status | 0.75 | 0.43 | 0.12 | 0.11 | − 0.02 | − 0.02 | − 0.12 | 0.31 | |
8. Full-time work | 0.80 | 0.40 | − 0.11 | − 0.09 | − 0.22 | − 0.31 | − 0.12 | 0.07 | 0.04 |
Dependent variable | Job satisfaction Model 1 |
---|---|
Social value creation beliefs | 0.366*** |
Age | 0.010 |
Gender (female) | 0.311 |
Education | − 0.049 |
Income | − 0.018 |
Marital status | 0.200 |
Full-time work | − 0.021 |
Constant | 2.730*** |
R2 | 0.201 |
Adjusted R2 | 0.153 |
F | 4.229*** |
Study 2
Methods and Measures
Social Value Creation Beliefs
Work Meaningfulness
Work Burnout
Control Variables
Data Analysis
Results
M | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Social value creation beliefs | 4.86 | 1.03 | |||||||||
2. Work meaningfulness | 5.78 | 1.05 | 0.29 | ||||||||
3. Work burnout | 3.01 | 0.96 | − 0.26 | − 0.23 | |||||||
4. Age | 52.77 | 10.91 | 0.10 | 0.08 | − 0.10 | ||||||
5. Gender (female) | 0.43 | 0.50 | 0.21 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.10 | |||||
6. Education | 4.91 | 1.97 | 0.00 | 0.01 | − 0.13 | 0.00 | 0.10 | ||||
7. Income | 7.08 | 2.38 | 0.09 | 0.08 | − 0.05 | − 0.02 | − 0.11 | 0.05 | |||
8. Marital status | 0.75 | 0.44 | − 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.01 | 0.05 | − 0.08 | 0.40 | ||
9. Full-time work | 0.72 | 0.45 | − 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.11 | − 0.16 | − 0.37 | − 0.11 | 0.16 | 0.02 | |
10. Work overload | 2.26 | 0.82 | − 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.43 | − 0.03 | − 0.16 | − 0.09 | 0.01 | 0.12 | 0.40 |
Dependent variable | Work meaningfulness | Work burnout | |
---|---|---|---|
Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |
Social value creation beliefs | 0.333*** | − 0.213*** | − 0.161** |
Work meaningfulness | − 0.158** | ||
Age | 0.008 | − 0.009* | − 0.008 |
Gender (female) | 0.066 | 0.245* | 0.255* |
Education | 0.005 | − 0.059* | − 0.058* |
Income | − 0.001 | − 0.004 | − 0.005 |
Marital status | 0.159 | − 0.027 | − 0.002 |
Full-time work | 0.334 | − 0.178 | − 0.125 |
Work overload | 0.030 | 0.598*** | 0.603*** |
Constant | 3.294*** | 3.514*** | 4.033*** |
R2 | 0.135 | 0.312 | 0.338 |
Adjusted R2 | 0.093 | 0.279 | 0.302 |
Chi2 | 27.46*** | 69.03*** | 84.39*** |
Mediation in % | 24.62 | ||
Indirect effect | − 0.052* | ||
Total effect | − 0.213*** |
Study 3
Methods and Measures
Social Value Creation Beliefs
Work Meaningfulness
Work Engagement
Social Concerns
Control Variables
Data Analysis
Results
M | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Social value creation beliefs | 5.26 | 0.74 | |||||||||
2. Work meaningfulness | 6.46 | 0.67 | 0.45 | ||||||||
3. Work engagement | 5.57 | 0.86 | 0.34 | 0.51 | |||||||
4. Social concerns | 4.56 | 1.47 | 0.23 | 0.10 | 0.14 | ||||||
5. Age | 53.65 | 11.84 | 0.16 | 0.13 | 0.05 | 0.09 | |||||
6. Gender (female) | 0.42 | 0.49 | 0.27 | 0.20 | 0.05 | − 0.04 | − 0.17 | ||||
7. Education | 7.09 | 1.68 | − 0.04 | − 0.08 | − 0.13 | − 0.20 | 0.07 | − 0.03 | |||
8. Income | 4.05 | 1.46 | 0.01 | 0.11 | 0.08 | − 0.14 | 0.10 | − 0.06 | 0.31 | ||
9. Marital status | 0.56 | 0.50 | 0.16 | 0.12 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.04 | − 0.13 | 0.04 | 0.38 | |
10. Full-time work | 0.56 | 0.50 | − 0.09 | − 0.09 | − 0.04 | − 0.06 | − 0.25 | − 0.22 | 0.07 | 0.01 | − 0.08 |
Dependent variable: | Work meaningfulness | Work engagement | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Model 5 | Model 6 | Model 7 | Model 8 | |
Social value creation beliefs | 0.326*** | 0.378*** | 0.289*** | 0.105 |
Work meaningfulness | 0.564*** | |||
Social concerns | − 0.029 | − 0.027 | 0.036 | 0.053 |
Social value creation beliefs × social concerns | 0.105** | |||
Age | 0.011** | 0.010** | 0.001 | − 0.005 |
Gender (female) | 0.211* | 0.184* | − 0.018 | − 0.137 |
Education | − 0.034 | − 0.031 | − 0.076* | − 0.057 |
Income | 0.058 | 0.053 | 0.108** | 0.075* |
Marital status | 0.065 | 0.040 | − 0.047 | − 0.083 |
Full-time work | 0.035 | 0.051 | − 0.010 | − 0.030 |
Constant | 5.746*** | 5.757*** | 5.656*** | 2.414*** |
R2 | 0.251 | 0.279 | 0.114 | 0.255 |
Adjusted R2 | 0.212 | 0.237 | 0.068 | 0.212 |
Chi2 | 36.95*** | 41.42*** | 20.92*** | 68.10*** |
Mediation in % | 63.67 | |||
Indirect effect | 0.184*** | |||
Total effect | 0.289*** |
Mediator | Moderator | Level | Dependent variable: Work engagement | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ind. effect | SE | z | p | LL 95% CI | UL 95% CI | |||
Work meaningfulness | Social concerns | Low (− 1 SD) | 0.118 | 0.052 | 2.26 | 0.024 | 0.016 | 0.220 |
Middle (M) | 0.199 | 0.056 | 3.54 | 0.000 | 0.089 | 0.309 | ||
High (+ 1 SD) | 0.280 | 0.084 | 3.32 | 0.001 | 0.115 | 0.444 |