Domestic Production of Dialysis Solution for Import Substitution

More than 30 million people have been affected globally by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has resulted in over 900,000 deaths (Lumlertgul et al. in Kidney International Reports. 6:196–218, 2019). Many healthcare systems have faced significant challenges in treating a large number of patients due to inadequate resources. These challenges are shared by Indonesia, where many active medicinal components are still imported. According to Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) data from 2013 to 2018, the prevalence of chronic renal disease in the Indonesian population was 2% in 2013 and climbed to 3.8% in 2018. As a result, after heart illness, treatment of kidney disease is the second-largest source of funding from the Indonesian National Health Insurance (Prodjosudjadi and Suhardjono in Ethn Dis 19:33–36, 2009; Liu et al. in Int J Environ Res Public Health 18:9215, 2021). Hemodialysis (HD) is one of the therapies used to help kidney failure patients maintain an ideal quality of life, and it accounts for up to 82% of dialysis services performed in health institutions. There are impediments to getting health treatments and a risk of financial difficulty due to nonmedical costs related to the restricted HD services. Chronic diseases, in addition to kidney problems, significantly raise the likelihood of incurring catastrophic health-care costs. As a result, indigenous production of dialysis solutions is required. Acid-concentrated, bicarbonate-concentrated, and high-purity water are combined to make the dialysis solution. Conductivity and pH measurements were performed on the dialysis solution. The results revealed that the dialysis solution products, including acid-concentrated and bicarbonate-concentrated, meet international standards using domestic materials.