Skip to main content
Disciplines
Automotive Business IT + Informatics Construction + Real Estate Electrical Engineering + Electronics Energy + Sustainability Insurance + Risk Finance + Banking Management + Leadership Marketing + Sales Mechanical Engineering + Materials
Events
DE
EN
Books
Journals
Topic Page
Marketing
Start single access now
Access for companies
EXTENDED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Tribology Letters
Published in: Tribology Letters 4/2018

01-12-2018 | Original Paper

Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of Sn and NiSn Overlays on Cu Connectors

Authors: Ashutosh Sharma, Byungmin Ahn

Published in: Tribology Letters | Issue 4/2018

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

In this work, a systematic investigation of wear behavior of lead-free Sn and NiSn coatings under dry sliding conditions was studied. The Sn coatings were produced by electrodeposition method with varying current density from 0.1 to 0.5 Acm−2. For NiSn overlay, Sn coatings were deposited on pre-plated Ni on polished Cu foil substrates. The effects of current density, sliding distance, and load on friction coefficient (COF) and wear morphology were studied by employing ball-on-flat wear testing machine under dry sliding conditions. The tests were carried out under different loads from 5 to 25 N and for a sliding distance of 1800 m. The wear loss was evaluated in terms of track width and depth as well as mass loss of worn out tracks. The results show that the composition and microstructure of the electrodeposited overlays are related closely to the electrodeposition current density. The three-element CuNi(Sn) overlay exhibits a higher COF and excellent wear resistance as compared to Cu(Sn) overlay, the wear mechanism of plated overlays is also discussed and reported here.
previous article Exploring Lubrication Function of MACs Greases for TC4 Alloy Under Sliding and Fretting Conditions
next article Structural, Mechanical, and Tribological Properties of WS2-Al Nanocomposite Film for Space Application

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now
Literature
1.
Horvath, B., Illés, B., Shinohara, T.: Growth of intermetallics between Sn/Ni/Cu, Sn/Ag/Cu and Sn/Cu layered structures. Thin Solid Films 556, 345–353 (2014)CrossRef
2.
Elmgren, P., Dixon, D., Hilty, R., Moyer, T., Lal, S., Nitsche, A., Teuber, F.: Pure tin—the finish of choice for connectors. In: Proc. IPC/JEDEC 4th Int. Conf. Lead Free Electronic Assemblies and Components, pp. 369–373. Frankfurt (2003)
3.
Hammam, T.: Friction, wear and electric properties of tin-coated tin bronze for separable electric connectors. In: Proc. Forty-Second IEEE Holm Conf. Electrical Contacts. Joint with the 18th Int. Conf. Electrical Contacts, Chicago, IL (1996)
4.
5.
Sharma, A., Das, S., Das, K.: Pulse electrodeposition of lead-free tin-based composites for microelectronic packaging. In: Dr. Mohamed, A.M.A. (ed.) Electrodeposition of Composite Materials, pp. 253–274. InTech, Croatia (2016). https://​doi.​org/​10.​5772/​62036 CrossRef
6.
Sharma, A., Jang, Y.J., Kim, J.B., Jung, J.P.: Thermal cycling, shear and insulating characteristics of epoxy embedded Sn-3.0 Ag-0.5 Cu (SAC305) solder paste for automotive applications. J. Alloy. Compd. 704, 795–803 (2017)CrossRef
7.
Khonsari, M.M., Booser, E.R.: Applied Tribology: Bearing Design and Lubrication. Wiley, New York (2001)
8.
Pulkrabek, W.W.: Engineering Fundamentals of the Internal Combustion Engine. Prentice Hall, New Jersey (2003)
9.
Tung, S.C., McMillan, M.L.: Automotive tribology overview of current advances and challenges for the future. Tribol. Int. 37, 517–536 (2004)CrossRef
10.
Pratt, G.C.: Materials for plain bearings. Int. Mater. Rev. 18, 62–68 (1973)CrossRef
11.
Ilangovan, S., Sellamuthu, R.: Effects of tin on hardness, wear rate and coefficient of friction of cast Cu-Ni-Sn alloys. J. Eng. Sci. Technol. 8(1), 34–43 (2013)
12.
Whitley, J.H.: The tin commandments. Plat. Surf. Finish. 68(10), 38–39 (1981)
13.
Wang, Y., Ding, D., Liu, T., Galuschki, K.P., Hu, Y., Gong, A., Shen, M., Sun, H., Wang, X., Sun, J., Li, M., Mao, D.: Effect of Ni barrier on the tin whisker formation of electroplating Sn on lead-frame alloy. In: Proc. 11th Int. Conf. Electronic Packaging Technology and High Density Packaging. IEEE, Xian (2010)
14.
Liu, T., Ding, D., Wang, Y., Hu, Y., Gong, Y., Galuschki, K.P.: Ni barrier for tin whisker mitigation. In: Proc. 2nd IEEE CPMT Symposium. IEEE, Kyoto (2012)
15.
Tetsuya, I., Masato, M., Kensaku, T., Yasuhiro, H.: Factors influencing fretting corrosion of tin plated contacts. SEI Tech. Rev. 64, 3–8 (2007)
16.
Sharma, A., Sharma, S.: Co-electrodeposition of nanocomposites. In: Nalwa, H.S. (ed.) Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, vol. 27, pp. 89–124. American Scientific Publishers, Valencia (2018)
17.
Sen, R., Sharma, A., Bhattacharya, S., Das, S., Das, K.: Synthesis and characterization of pulse co-electrodeposited nickel/ceria nanocomposites. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 10(8), 4998–5003 (2010)CrossRef
18.
Pandey, S.K., Singh, R.: Experimental investigation of surface properties of hardox 400 hardfaced with WC. IJERT 5(5), 622–626 (2016)
19.
Neuffer, H., Ghaednia, H., Jackson, R.: Wear volume analysis using a nano-lubricant for ball-on-disk testing. Tribol. Lubr. Technol. 2, 22–24 (2014)
20.
Cullity, B.D., Stock, S.R.: Elements of X-Ray Diffraction. 3rd edn., Prentice-Hall, Inc., New York, New Jersey (2001)
21.
Sharma, A., Bhattacharya, S., Das, S., Das, K.: A study on the effect of pulse electrodeposition parameters on the morphology of pure tin coatings. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 45, 4610–4622 (2014)CrossRef
22.
Sharma, A., Bhattacharya, S., Sen, R., Reddy, B.S.B., Fecht, H.J., Das, K., Das, S.: Influence of current density on microstructure of pulse electrodeposited tin coatings. Mater. Charact. 68, 22–32 (2012)CrossRef
23.
Sharma, A., Bhattacharya, S., Das, S., Das, K.: Influence of current density on surface morphology and properties of pulse plated tin films from citrate electrolyte. Appl. Surf. Sci. 290, 373–380 (2014)CrossRef
24.
Sharma, A., Jang, Y.J., Jung, J.P.: Effect of current density on morphology of electroplated tin. Surf. Eng. 31(6), 458–464 (2015)CrossRef
25.
Yi, J.B., Li, X.P., Ding, J., Seet, H.L.: Study of the grain size, particle size and roughness of substrate in relation to the magnetic properties of electroplated permalloy. J. Alloy. Compd. 428, 230–236 (2007)CrossRef
26.
Snugovsky, L., Cermignani, C., Perovic, D.D., Rutter, J.W.: The solid solubility of Ag and Cu in the Sn phase of eutectic and near-eutectic Sn-Ag-Cu solder alloys. J. Electron. Mater. 33(11), 1313–1315 (2004)CrossRef
27.
Tanabe, Y., Shimizu, Y.: Electron microscopic investigation on microstructure and phase of electrodeposited Ni-Sn alloys. J. Met. Finish. 26, 406–410 (1975)CrossRef
28.
Satto, T., Ezure, K., Hayashi, T., Sakata, S.: Behavior of tin electrodeposition and spontaneous tin alloy formation on Ni-flash-coated steel surface. J. Iron Steel 72, 1173–1180 (1986)CrossRef
29.
Chia, P.Y., Haseeb, A.S.M.A., Mannan, S.M.: Reactions in electrodeposited Cu/Sn and Cu/Ni/Sn nanoscale multilayers for interconnects. Materials 9, 430–444 (2016)CrossRef
30.
Wang, W., Wen, H., He, N., Chen, W.: Effect of load on tribological properties of silicon nitride/steel under rolling sliding contact condition. Tribol. Int. 125, 27–28 (2018)CrossRef
31.
Mangam, V., Bhattacharya, S., Das, K., Das, S.: Friction and wear behavior of Cu–CeO2 nanocomposite coatings synthesized by pulsed electrodeposition. Surf. Coat. Technol. 205(3), 801–805 (2010)CrossRef
32.
Liu, J.J., Zhu, B.L., Zhang, X.S.: A study of the wear resistance and microstructure of Pb-Sn and Pb-Sn-Ni brush-plating layers. Wear 155, 63–72 (1992)CrossRef
33.
Sharma, A., Bhattacharya, S., Das, S., Fecht, H.-J., Das, K.: Development of lead free pulse electrodeposited tin based composite solder coating reinforced with ex situ cerium oxide nanoparticles. J. Alloy. Compd. 574, 609–616 (2013)CrossRef
34.
Ando, Y., Ogawa, H., Ishikawa, Y.: Characteristics of friction in small contact surface. Dissipative processes in tribology. In: Proc. 20th Leeds-Lyon Symposium on Tribology, Laboratoire de Mécanique Des Contacts, Institut National Des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon, pp. 253–260, Lyon (1994)
35.
Lee, K.U., Jeong, D.K., Joo, H.G., Park, Y.W.: Simulation for fretting corrosion of tin-coated copper contacts. Mater. Corr. 62(4), 352–356 (2011)CrossRef
36.
Sharma, A., Bhattacharya, S., Das, S., Das, K.: Fabrication of Sn-Ag/CeO2 electro-composite solder by pulse electrodeposition. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 44(12), 5587–5601 (2013)CrossRef
37.
Noel, S., Alamarguy, D., Correia, S., Laurat, P.: Fretting behavior of nickel coatings for electrical contact applications. In: Proc. IEEE 57th Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts, Minneapolis (2011)
Metadata
Title
Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of Sn and NiSn Overlays on Cu Connectors
Authors
Ashutosh Sharma
Byungmin Ahn
Publication date
01-12-2018
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Tribology Letters / Issue 4/2018
Print ISSN: 1023-8883
Electronic ISSN: 1573-2711
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-018-1089-8

Other articles of this Issue 4/2018

Tribology Letters 4/2018 Go to the issue

Original Paper

Effect of Steel Counterface on the Dry Sliding Behaviour of a Cu-Based Metal Matrix Composite

Original Paper

Exploring Lubrication Function of MACs Greases for TC4 Alloy Under Sliding and Fretting Conditions

Original Paper

Impacts of Glyceride Additive on Tribological Properties of Water-Based Drilling Mud for Steel–Steel Contact

Original Paper

A Tribological Study of γ-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles in Aqueous Suspension

Original Paper

Particulate Matter Generation Properties from Sliding Parts Made of Various Carbonaceous Films

Original Paper

Structural, Mechanical, and Tribological Properties of WS2-Al Nanocomposite Film for Space Application

Premium Partners

    Image Credits