Skip to main content
Top

2019 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

(E)Learning and What Else? Looking Back to Move Forwards

Authors : Leonardo Caporarello, Alessandro Giovanazzi, Beatrice Manzoni

Published in: Organizing for Digital Innovation

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

In recent years, there has been a growing debate and rise in publications about learning in its multiple forms. This variety has contributed to the richness of existing research but it has also increased, rather than reduced, the need for more clarity to advance further. Through a content analysis performed on the last twenty years of research, we aim at providing clarity about the complex definitions landscape of the most diffused 16 learning terms in the literature. We discuss their use over the years and we depict some trends. We conclude by providing a comprehensive learning model that clarifies interactions and interdependencies among the terms. The framework classifies the terms into models, modes and methodologies.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Footnotes
1
We do not include citations after 2012 here because the number of citations drops not as a matter of less interest in the topic but as a matter of shorter time available for citations.
 
Literature
1.
go back to reference Fallon, C., Brown, S.: E-Learning Standards: A Guide to Purchasing, Developing, and Deploying Standards-Conformant E-Learning. CRC Press (2016) Fallon, C., Brown, S.: E-Learning Standards: A Guide to Purchasing, Developing, and Deploying Standards-Conformant E-Learning. CRC Press (2016)
2.
go back to reference Moore, N., Gilmartin, M.: Teaching for better learning: a blended learning pilot project with first-year geography undergraduates. J. Geogr. High. Educ. 34, 327–344 (2010)CrossRef Moore, N., Gilmartin, M.: Teaching for better learning: a blended learning pilot project with first-year geography undergraduates. J. Geogr. High. Educ. 34, 327–344 (2010)CrossRef
3.
go back to reference Garrison, DR.: E-learning in the 21st Century: A Framework for Research and Practice. Taylor & Francis (2011) Garrison, DR.: E-learning in the 21st Century: A Framework for Research and Practice. Taylor & Francis (2011)
4.
go back to reference Welsh, E.T., Wanberg, C.R., Brown, K.G., Simmering, M.J.: E-learning: emerging uses, empirical results and future directions. Int. J. Train (2003) Welsh, E.T., Wanberg, C.R., Brown, K.G., Simmering, M.J.: E-learning: emerging uses, empirical results and future directions. Int. J. Train (2003)
6.
go back to reference Caporarello, L., Iñesta, A.: Make blended learning happen: conditions for a successful change process in higher education institutions. EAI Endorsed Trans. e-Learning 3(16) (2016)CrossRef Caporarello, L., Iñesta, A.: Make blended learning happen: conditions for a successful change process in higher education institutions. EAI Endorsed Trans. e-Learning 3(16) (2016)CrossRef
7.
go back to reference Joksimović, S., Kovanović, V., Skrypnyk, O.: The history and state of online learning. Prep. Digit. Univ 93–122 (2015) Joksimović, S., Kovanović, V., Skrypnyk, O.: The history and state of online learning. Prep. Digit. Univ 93–122 (2015)
8.
go back to reference Krippendorff, K.: Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology. SAGE (2012) Krippendorff, K.: Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology. SAGE (2012)
9.
go back to reference Waltman, L., Van Eck, N.J., Wouters, P.: Counting publications and citations: is more always better? J. Informetr. 7, 635–641 (2013)CrossRef Waltman, L., Van Eck, N.J., Wouters, P.: Counting publications and citations: is more always better? J. Informetr. 7, 635–641 (2013)CrossRef
10.
go back to reference White, H.D.: Author co-citation analysis: overview and defense. Sch. Commun. Bibliometr. 84, 106 (1990) White, H.D.: Author co-citation analysis: overview and defense. Sch. Commun. Bibliometr. 84, 106 (1990)
11.
go back to reference Kolmos, A.: Problem-based and project-based learning. In: Skovsmose, O., Valero, P., Christensen, O.R. (eds.) University Science and Mathematics Education in Transition, pp. 261–280. Springer, US (2009)CrossRef Kolmos, A.: Problem-based and project-based learning. In: Skovsmose, O., Valero, P., Christensen, O.R. (eds.) University Science and Mathematics Education in Transition, pp. 261–280. Springer, US (2009)CrossRef
12.
go back to reference Allen, M.W.: Michael Allen’s Guide to e-Learning: Building Interactive, Fun, and Effective Learning Programs for Any Company. Wiley (2016) Allen, M.W.: Michael Allen’s Guide to e-Learning: Building Interactive, Fun, and Effective Learning Programs for Any Company. Wiley (2016)
13.
go back to reference Johnson, D.W., Johnson R.T., Stanne, M.B.: Cooperative learning methods: a meta-analysis (2000) Johnson, D.W., Johnson R.T., Stanne, M.B.: Cooperative learning methods: a meta-analysis (2000)
14.
go back to reference Sung, H.-Y., Hwang, G.-J.: A collaborative game-based learning approach to improving students’ learning performance in science courses. Comput. Educ. 63, 43–51 (2013)CrossRef Sung, H.-Y., Hwang, G.-J.: A collaborative game-based learning approach to improving students’ learning performance in science courses. Comput. Educ. 63, 43–51 (2013)CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Bower, M., Dalgarno, B., Kennedy, G.E.: Design and implementation factors in blended synchronous learning environments: outcomes from a cross-case analysis. Comput. Educ. 86, 1–17 (2015)CrossRef Bower, M., Dalgarno, B., Kennedy, G.E.: Design and implementation factors in blended synchronous learning environments: outcomes from a cross-case analysis. Comput. Educ. 86, 1–17 (2015)CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Huang, Y.-M., Kuo, Y.-H., Lin, Y.-T., Cheng, S.-C.: Toward interactive mobile synchronous learning environment with context-awareness service. Comput. Educ. 51, 1205–1226 (2008)CrossRef Huang, Y.-M., Kuo, Y.-H., Lin, Y.-T., Cheng, S.-C.: Toward interactive mobile synchronous learning environment with context-awareness service. Comput. Educ. 51, 1205–1226 (2008)CrossRef
17.
go back to reference Prince, M.: Does active learning work? A review of the research. J. Eng. Educ. 93, 223–231 (2004)CrossRef Prince, M.: Does active learning work? A review of the research. J. Eng. Educ. 93, 223–231 (2004)CrossRef
18.
go back to reference Niemi, H.: Active learning—a cultural change needed in teacher education and schools. Teach. Teach. Educ. 18, 763–780 (2002)CrossRef Niemi, H.: Active learning—a cultural change needed in teacher education and schools. Teach. Teach. Educ. 18, 763–780 (2002)CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Jensen, J.L., Kummer, T.A., Godoy, P.D.: Improvements from a flipped classroom may simply be the fruits of active learning. CBE-Life Sci. Educ, 14, ar5 (2015)CrossRef Jensen, J.L., Kummer, T.A., Godoy, P.D.: Improvements from a flipped classroom may simply be the fruits of active learning. CBE-Life Sci. Educ, 14, ar5 (2015)CrossRef
20.
go back to reference Roach, T.: Student perceptions toward flipped learning: new methods to increase interaction and active learning in economics. Int. Rev. Econ. Educ. 17, 74–84 (2014)CrossRef Roach, T.: Student perceptions toward flipped learning: new methods to increase interaction and active learning in economics. Int. Rev. Econ. Educ. 17, 74–84 (2014)CrossRef
21.
go back to reference Michael, J.: Where’s the evidence that active learning works? Adv. Physiol. Educ. 30, 159–167 (2006)CrossRef Michael, J.: Where’s the evidence that active learning works? Adv. Physiol. Educ. 30, 159–167 (2006)CrossRef
22.
go back to reference Hiltz, S.R.: Impacts of college-level courses via asynchronous learning networks: some preliminary results. J. Asynchronous Learn. Netw. 1, 1–19 (1997) Hiltz, S.R.: Impacts of college-level courses via asynchronous learning networks: some preliminary results. J. Asynchronous Learn. Netw. 1, 1–19 (1997)
23.
go back to reference Northey, G., Bucic, T., Chylinski, M., Govind, R.: Increasing student engagement using asynchronous learning. J. Mark. Educ. 37, 171–180 (2015)CrossRef Northey, G., Bucic, T., Chylinski, M., Govind, R.: Increasing student engagement using asynchronous learning. J. Mark. Educ. 37, 171–180 (2015)CrossRef
24.
go back to reference Rovai, A.P.: Building and sustaining community in asynchronous learning networks. Internet High. Educ. 3, 285–297 (2000)CrossRef Rovai, A.P.: Building and sustaining community in asynchronous learning networks. Internet High. Educ. 3, 285–297 (2000)CrossRef
25.
go back to reference Ocker, R.J., Yaverbaum, G.J.: Asynchronous computer-mediated communication versus face-to-face collaboration: results on student learning, quality and satisfaction. Group. Decis. Negot. 8, 427–440 (1999)CrossRef Ocker, R.J., Yaverbaum, G.J.: Asynchronous computer-mediated communication versus face-to-face collaboration: results on student learning, quality and satisfaction. Group. Decis. Negot. 8, 427–440 (1999)CrossRef
26.
go back to reference Singh, H., Reed, C.: A white paper: achieving success with blended learning. Cent. Softw. 1, 1–11 (2001) Singh, H., Reed, C.: A white paper: achieving success with blended learning. Cent. Softw. 1, 1–11 (2001)
27.
go back to reference Garrison, D.R., Kanuka, H.: Blended learning: uncovering its transformative potential in higher education. Internet High. Educ. 7, 95–105 (2004)CrossRef Garrison, D.R., Kanuka, H.: Blended learning: uncovering its transformative potential in higher education. Internet High. Educ. 7, 95–105 (2004)CrossRef
28.
go back to reference Oliver, M., Trigwell, K.: Can “blended learning” be redeemed? E-Learn. Digit. Media 2, 17–26 (2005) Oliver, M., Trigwell, K.: Can “blended learning” be redeemed? E-Learn. Digit. Media 2, 17–26 (2005)
29.
go back to reference Porter, W.W., Graham, C.R., Spring, K.A., Welch, K.R.: Blended learning in higher education: institutional adoption and implementation. Comput. Educ. 75, 185–195 (2014)CrossRef Porter, W.W., Graham, C.R., Spring, K.A., Welch, K.R.: Blended learning in higher education: institutional adoption and implementation. Comput. Educ. 75, 185–195 (2014)CrossRef
30.
go back to reference Al-Qahtani, A.A., Higgins, S.E.: Effects of traditional, blended and e-learning on students’ achievement in higher education. J. Comput. Assist. Learn. 29, 220–234 (2013)CrossRef Al-Qahtani, A.A., Higgins, S.E.: Effects of traditional, blended and e-learning on students’ achievement in higher education. J. Comput. Assist. Learn. 29, 220–234 (2013)CrossRef
31.
go back to reference Moore, M.G.: Editorial: blended learning. Am. J. Distance Educ. 19, 129–132 (2005)CrossRef Moore, M.G.: Editorial: blended learning. Am. J. Distance Educ. 19, 129–132 (2005)CrossRef
32.
go back to reference Graham, C.R.: Emerging practice and research in blended learning. Handb. Distance Educ. 3 (2013) Graham, C.R.: Emerging practice and research in blended learning. Handb. Distance Educ. 3 (2013)
33.
go back to reference Pedersen, J.E., Digby, A.D.: Secondary Schools and Cooperative Learning: Theories, Models, and Strategies. Routledge (2014) Pedersen, J.E., Digby, A.D.: Secondary Schools and Cooperative Learning: Theories, Models, and Strategies. Routledge (2014)
34.
go back to reference Kupczynski, L., Mundy, M.A., Goswami, J., Meling, V.: Cooperative learning in distance learning: a mixed methods study. Online Submiss. 5, 81–90 (2012) Kupczynski, L., Mundy, M.A., Goswami, J., Meling, V.: Cooperative learning in distance learning: a mixed methods study. Online Submiss. 5, 81–90 (2012)
35.
go back to reference Capar, G., Tarim, K.: Efficacy of the cooperative learning method on mathematics achievement and attitude: a meta-analysis research. Educ. Sci. Theory Pract. 15, 553–559 (2015) Capar, G., Tarim, K.: Efficacy of the cooperative learning method on mathematics achievement and attitude: a meta-analysis research. Educ. Sci. Theory Pract. 15, 553–559 (2015)
36.
go back to reference Millis, B.J., Cottell, P.G.: Cooperative Learning for Higher Education Faculty. Series on Higher Education. Oryx Press (1997) Millis, B.J., Cottell, P.G.: Cooperative Learning for Higher Education Faculty. Series on Higher Education. Oryx Press (1997)
37.
go back to reference Panitz, T.: Collaborative versus cooperative learning: a comparison of the two concepts which will help us understand the underlying nature of interactive learning (1999) Panitz, T.: Collaborative versus cooperative learning: a comparison of the two concepts which will help us understand the underlying nature of interactive learning (1999)
38.
go back to reference Dijkstra, S.: Instructional Design: International Perspectives II: Volume I: Theory, Research, and Models: Volume Ii: Solving Instructional Design Problems. Routledge (2014) Dijkstra, S.: Instructional Design: International Perspectives II: Volume I: Theory, Research, and Models: Volume Ii: Solving Instructional Design Problems. Routledge (2014)
39.
go back to reference Shukla, N., Hassani, H., Casleton, R.: A Comparison of Delivery Methods for Distance Learning Mathematics Courses. In: SoTL Commons Conference (2014) Shukla, N., Hassani, H., Casleton, R.: A Comparison of Delivery Methods for Distance Learning Mathematics Courses. In: SoTL Commons Conference (2014)
40.
go back to reference Simpson, O.: Supporting Students in Online Open and Distance Learning. Routledge (2013) Simpson, O.: Supporting Students in Online Open and Distance Learning. Routledge (2013)
41.
go back to reference Lockwood, F.: Open and Distance Learning Today. Routledge (2013) Lockwood, F.: Open and Distance Learning Today. Routledge (2013)
42.
go back to reference Moore, M.G., Kearsley, G.: Distance Education: A Systems View of Online Learning. Cengage Learning (2011) Moore, M.G., Kearsley, G.: Distance Education: A Systems View of Online Learning. Cengage Learning (2011)
43.
go back to reference Galusha, J.M.: Barriers to learning in distance education (1998) Galusha, J.M.: Barriers to learning in distance education (1998)
44.
go back to reference Porter, L.R.: Creating the Virtual Classroom: Distance Learning with the Internet. Wiley (1997) Porter, L.R.: Creating the Virtual Classroom: Distance Learning with the Internet. Wiley (1997)
45.
go back to reference Zhang, D.: Interactive multimedia-based e-learning: a study of effectiveness. Am. J. Distance Educ. 19, 149–162 (2005)CrossRef Zhang, D.: Interactive multimedia-based e-learning: a study of effectiveness. Am. J. Distance Educ. 19, 149–162 (2005)CrossRef
46.
go back to reference McCutcheon, K., Lohan, M., Traynor, M., Martin, D.: A systematic review evaluating the impact of online or blended learning vs. face-to-face learning of clinical skills in undergraduate nurse education. J. Adv. Nurs. 71, 255–270 (2015)CrossRef McCutcheon, K., Lohan, M., Traynor, M., Martin, D.: A systematic review evaluating the impact of online or blended learning vs. face-to-face learning of clinical skills in undergraduate nurse education. J. Adv. Nurs. 71, 255–270 (2015)CrossRef
47.
go back to reference Tavangarian, D., Leypold, M.E., Nölting, K.: Is e-learning the solution for individual learning? Electron. J. E-Learn. 2, 273–280 (2004) Tavangarian, D., Leypold, M.E., Nölting, K.: Is e-learning the solution for individual learning? Electron. J. E-Learn. 2, 273–280 (2004)
48.
go back to reference Govindasamy, T.: Successful implementation of e-learning: pedagogical considerations. Internet High. Educ. 4, 287–299 (2001)CrossRef Govindasamy, T.: Successful implementation of e-learning: pedagogical considerations. Internet High. Educ. 4, 287–299 (2001)CrossRef
49.
go back to reference Singh, A.K., Yusoff, M.A., Oo, N.: A comparative study between traditional learning and e-learning. In: Proceedings of Teaching and Learning Open Forum 2009. CSM, Sarawak, pp. 1–7 (2009) Singh, A.K., Yusoff, M.A., Oo, N.: A comparative study between traditional learning and e-learning. In: Proceedings of Teaching and Learning Open Forum 2009. CSM, Sarawak, pp. 1–7 (2009)
50.
go back to reference Castaño-Muñoz, J., Duart, J.M., Sancho-Vinuesa, T.: The Internet in face-to-face higher education: can interactive learning improve academic achievement? Br. J. Educ. Technol. 45, 149–159 (2014)CrossRef Castaño-Muñoz, J., Duart, J.M., Sancho-Vinuesa, T.: The Internet in face-to-face higher education: can interactive learning improve academic achievement? Br. J. Educ. Technol. 45, 149–159 (2014)CrossRef
51.
go back to reference Clegg, T., Yip, JC., Ahn, J.: When face-to-face fails: opportunities for social media to foster collaborative learning. In: Tenth International Conference on Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (2013) Clegg, T., Yip, JC., Ahn, J.: When face-to-face fails: opportunities for social media to foster collaborative learning. In: Tenth International Conference on Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (2013)
52.
go back to reference Artino, A.R.: Online or face-to-face learning? Exploring the personal factors that predict students’ choice of instructional format. Internet High. Educ. 13, 272–276 (2010)CrossRef Artino, A.R.: Online or face-to-face learning? Exploring the personal factors that predict students’ choice of instructional format. Internet High. Educ. 13, 272–276 (2010)CrossRef
53.
go back to reference Pho, A., Dinscore, A.: Game-based learning. Tips Trends (2015) Pho, A., Dinscore, A.: Game-based learning. Tips Trends (2015)
54.
go back to reference Ebner, M., Holzinger, A.: Successful implementation of user-centered game based learning in higher education: an example from civil engineering. Comput. Educ. 49, 873–890 (2007)CrossRef Ebner, M., Holzinger, A.: Successful implementation of user-centered game based learning in higher education: an example from civil engineering. Comput. Educ. 49, 873–890 (2007)CrossRef
55.
go back to reference Hamari, J., Shernoff, D.J., Rowe, E.: Challenging games help students learn: an empirical study on engagement, flow and immersion in game-based learning. Comput. Hum. Behav. 54, 170–179 (2016)CrossRef Hamari, J., Shernoff, D.J., Rowe, E.: Challenging games help students learn: an empirical study on engagement, flow and immersion in game-based learning. Comput. Hum. Behav. 54, 170–179 (2016)CrossRef
56.
go back to reference Tobias, S., Fletcher, J.D., Wind, A.P.: Game-based learning. In: Handbook of Research on Educational Communications and Technology. Springer, pp 485–503 (2014) Tobias, S., Fletcher, J.D., Wind, A.P.: Game-based learning. In: Handbook of Research on Educational Communications and Technology. Springer, pp 485–503 (2014)
57.
go back to reference Huizenga, J., Admiraal, W., Akkerman, S., Dam, G.: Mobile game-based learning in secondary education: engagement, motivation and learning in a mobile city game. J. Comput. Assist. Learn. 25, 332–344 (2009)CrossRef Huizenga, J., Admiraal, W., Akkerman, S., Dam, G.: Mobile game-based learning in secondary education: engagement, motivation and learning in a mobile city game. J. Comput. Assist. Learn. 25, 332–344 (2009)CrossRef
58.
go back to reference Papastergiou, M.: Digital game-based learning in high school computer science education: impact on educational effectiveness and student motivation. Comput. Educ. 52, 1–12 (2009)CrossRef Papastergiou, M.: Digital game-based learning in high school computer science education: impact on educational effectiveness and student motivation. Comput. Educ. 52, 1–12 (2009)CrossRef
59.
go back to reference Dabbagh, N., Kitsantas, A.: Personal learning environments, social media, and self-regulated learning: a natural formula for connecting formal and informal learning. Internet High. Educ. 15, 3–8 (2012)CrossRef Dabbagh, N., Kitsantas, A.: Personal learning environments, social media, and self-regulated learning: a natural formula for connecting formal and informal learning. Internet High. Educ. 15, 3–8 (2012)CrossRef
60.
go back to reference Schugurensky, D.: The forms of informal learning: towards a conceptualization of the field (2000) Schugurensky, D.: The forms of informal learning: towards a conceptualization of the field (2000)
61.
go back to reference Kukenberger, M.R., Mathieu, J.E., Ruddy, T.: A cross-level test of empowerment and process influences on members’ informal learning and team commitment. J. Manag. 41, 987–1016 (2015) Kukenberger, M.R., Mathieu, J.E., Ruddy, T.: A cross-level test of empowerment and process influences on members’ informal learning and team commitment. J. Manag. 41, 987–1016 (2015)
62.
go back to reference García-Peñalvo, F.J., Conde, M.Á.: Using informal learning for business decision making and knowledge management. J. Bus. Res. 67, 686–691 (2014)CrossRef García-Peñalvo, F.J., Conde, M.Á.: Using informal learning for business decision making and knowledge management. J. Bus. Res. 67, 686–691 (2014)CrossRef
63.
go back to reference Cox, M.J.: Formal to informal learning with IT: research challenges and issues for e-learning. J. Comput. Assist. Learn. 29, 85–105 (2013)CrossRef Cox, M.J.: Formal to informal learning with IT: research challenges and issues for e-learning. J. Comput. Assist. Learn. 29, 85–105 (2013)CrossRef
64.
go back to reference Marsick, V.J., Watkins, K.E.: Informal and incidental learning. New Dir. Adult Contin. Educ. 2001, 25–34 (2001)CrossRef Marsick, V.J., Watkins, K.E.: Informal and incidental learning. New Dir. Adult Contin. Educ. 2001, 25–34 (2001)CrossRef
66.
go back to reference Crompton, H.: A diachronic overview of technology contributing to mobile learning: a shift towards student-centred pedagogies. Increasing Access. 7 (2014) Crompton, H.: A diachronic overview of technology contributing to mobile learning: a shift towards student-centred pedagogies. Increasing Access. 7 (2014)
67.
go back to reference Traxler, J.: Current state of mobile learning. Mob. Learn. Transform. Deliv. Educ. Train. 1, 9–24 (2009) Traxler, J.: Current state of mobile learning. Mob. Learn. Transform. Deliv. Educ. Train. 1, 9–24 (2009)
68.
go back to reference Sharples, M., Spikol, D.: Mobile learning. In: Duval. E., Sharples, M., Sutherland, R. (eds.) Technology Enhanced Learning, pp. 89–96. Springer International Publishing (2017)CrossRef Sharples, M., Spikol, D.: Mobile learning. In: Duval. E., Sharples, M., Sutherland, R. (eds.) Technology Enhanced Learning, pp. 89–96. Springer International Publishing (2017)CrossRef
69.
go back to reference Jones, A.C., Scanlon, E., Clough, G.: Mobile learning: two case studies of supporting inquiry learning in informal and semiformal settings. Comput. Educ. 61, 21–32 (2013)CrossRef Jones, A.C., Scanlon, E., Clough, G.: Mobile learning: two case studies of supporting inquiry learning in informal and semiformal settings. Comput. Educ. 61, 21–32 (2013)CrossRef
70.
go back to reference Martin, F., Ertzberger, J.: Here and now mobile learning: an experimental study on the use of mobile technology. Comput. Educ. 68, 76–85 (2013)CrossRef Martin, F., Ertzberger, J.: Here and now mobile learning: an experimental study on the use of mobile technology. Comput. Educ. 68, 76–85 (2013)CrossRef
71.
go back to reference Petersson, E.: Non-formal learning through ludic engagement within interactive environments. Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (2006) Petersson, E.: Non-formal learning through ludic engagement within interactive environments. Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (2006)
72.
go back to reference Bjornavold, J.: Making Learning Visible: Identification, Assessment and Recognition of Non-Formal Learning in Europe. ERIC (2000) Bjornavold, J.: Making Learning Visible: Identification, Assessment and Recognition of Non-Formal Learning in Europe. ERIC (2000)
73.
go back to reference Garner, N., Hayes, S.M., Eilks, I.: Linking formal and non-formal learning in science education—a reflection from two cases in Ireland and Germany. Sisyphus J. Educ. 2, 10–31 (2014) Garner, N., Hayes, S.M., Eilks, I.: Linking formal and non-formal learning in science education—a reflection from two cases in Ireland and Germany. Sisyphus J. Educ. 2, 10–31 (2014)
74.
go back to reference Gallacher, J., Feutrie, M.: Recognising and accrediting informal and non-formal learning in higher education: an analysis of the issues emerging from a study of France and Scotland. Eur. J. Educ. 38, 71–83 (2003)CrossRef Gallacher, J., Feutrie, M.: Recognising and accrediting informal and non-formal learning in higher education: an analysis of the issues emerging from a study of France and Scotland. Eur. J. Educ. 38, 71–83 (2003)CrossRef
75.
go back to reference Colley, H., Hodkinson, P., Malcolm, J.: Non-formal learning: mapping the conceptual terrain, a consultation report (2002) Colley, H., Hodkinson, P., Malcolm, J.: Non-formal learning: mapping the conceptual terrain, a consultation report (2002)
76.
go back to reference Shea, P., Bidjerano, T.: Does online learning impede degree completion? A national study of community college students. Comput. Educ. 75, 103–111 (2014)CrossRef Shea, P., Bidjerano, T.: Does online learning impede degree completion? A national study of community college students. Comput. Educ. 75, 103–111 (2014)CrossRef
77.
go back to reference Huang, H.-M.: Toward constructivism for adult learners in online learning environments. Br. J. Educ. Technol. 33, 27–37 (2002)CrossRef Huang, H.-M.: Toward constructivism for adult learners in online learning environments. Br. J. Educ. Technol. 33, 27–37 (2002)CrossRef
78.
go back to reference Lin, C.F., Yeh, Y., Hung, Y.H., Chang, R.I.: Data mining for providing a personalized learning path in creativity: an application of decision trees. Comput. Educ. 68, 199–210 (2013)CrossRef Lin, C.F., Yeh, Y., Hung, Y.H., Chang, R.I.: Data mining for providing a personalized learning path in creativity: an application of decision trees. Comput. Educ. 68, 199–210 (2013)CrossRef
79.
go back to reference Sampson, D., Karagiannidis, C., Cardinali, F.: An architecture for web-based e-learning promoting re-usable adaptive educational e-content. Educ. Technol. Soc. 5, 27–37 (2002) Sampson, D., Karagiannidis, C., Cardinali, F.: An architecture for web-based e-learning promoting re-usable adaptive educational e-content. Educ. Technol. Soc. 5, 27–37 (2002)
80.
go back to reference Kong, S.C., Song, Y.: An experience of personalized learning hub initiative embedding BYOD for reflective engagement in higher education. Comput. Educ. 88, 227–240 (2015)CrossRef Kong, S.C., Song, Y.: An experience of personalized learning hub initiative embedding BYOD for reflective engagement in higher education. Comput. Educ. 88, 227–240 (2015)CrossRef
81.
go back to reference Huang, Y.-M., Liang, T.-H., Su, Y.-N., Chen, N.-S.: Empowering personalized learning with an interactive e-book learning system for elementary school students. Educ. Technol. Res. Dev. 60, 703–722 (2012)CrossRef Huang, Y.-M., Liang, T.-H., Su, Y.-N., Chen, N.-S.: Empowering personalized learning with an interactive e-book learning system for elementary school students. Educ. Technol. Res. Dev. 60, 703–722 (2012)CrossRef
82.
go back to reference Song, Y., Wong, L.-H., Looi, C.-K.: Fostering personalized learning in science inquiry supported by mobile technologies. Educ. Technol. Res. Dev. 60, 679–701 (2012)CrossRef Song, Y., Wong, L.-H., Looi, C.-K.: Fostering personalized learning in science inquiry supported by mobile technologies. Educ. Technol. Res. Dev. 60, 679–701 (2012)CrossRef
83.
go back to reference Chen, C.-M.: Intelligent web-based learning system with personalized learning path guidance. Comput. Educ. 51, 787–814 (2008)CrossRef Chen, C.-M.: Intelligent web-based learning system with personalized learning path guidance. Comput. Educ. 51, 787–814 (2008)CrossRef
84.
go back to reference Kong, L.-N., Qin, B., Zhou, Y.: The effectiveness of problem-based learning on development of nursing students’ critical thinking: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int. J. Nurs. Stud. 51, 458–469 (2014)CrossRef Kong, L.-N., Qin, B., Zhou, Y.: The effectiveness of problem-based learning on development of nursing students’ critical thinking: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int. J. Nurs. Stud. 51, 458–469 (2014)CrossRef
85.
go back to reference Walker, A.E., Leary, H., Hmelo-Silver, C.E., Ertmer, P.A.: Essential Readings in Problem-Based Learning. Purdue University Press (2015) Walker, A.E., Leary, H., Hmelo-Silver, C.E., Ertmer, P.A.: Essential Readings in Problem-Based Learning. Purdue University Press (2015)
87.
go back to reference DeFillippi, R.J.: Introduction: Project-Based Learning, Reflective Practices and Learning. Manage. Learn. 32, 5–10 (2001)CrossRef DeFillippi, R.J.: Introduction: Project-Based Learning, Reflective Practices and Learning. Manage. Learn. 32, 5–10 (2001)CrossRef
88.
go back to reference Bell, S.: Project-based learning for the 21st century: skills for the future. Clear House J. Educ. Strateg. Issues Ideas 83, 39–43 (2010)CrossRef Bell, S.: Project-based learning for the 21st century: skills for the future. Clear House J. Educ. Strateg. Issues Ideas 83, 39–43 (2010)CrossRef
89.
go back to reference Boss, S., Krauss, J.: Reinventing project-based learning: your field guide to real-world projects in the digital age. Int. Soc. Technol. Educ. (2014) Boss, S., Krauss, J.: Reinventing project-based learning: your field guide to real-world projects in the digital age. Int. Soc. Technol. Educ. (2014)
90.
go back to reference Young, T.P., Bailey, C.J., Guptill, M.: The flipped classroom: a modality for mixed asynchronous and synchronous learning in a residency program. West. J. Emerg. Med. 15 (2014)CrossRef Young, T.P., Bailey, C.J., Guptill, M.: The flipped classroom: a modality for mixed asynchronous and synchronous learning in a residency program. West. J. Emerg. Med. 15 (2014)CrossRef
91.
go back to reference Warden, C.A., Stanworth, J.O., Ren, J.B., Warden, A.R.: Synchronous learning best practices: an action research study. Comput. Educ. 63, 197–207 (2013)CrossRef Warden, C.A., Stanworth, J.O., Ren, J.B., Warden, A.R.: Synchronous learning best practices: an action research study. Comput. Educ. 63, 197–207 (2013)CrossRef
Metadata
Title
(E)Learning and What Else? Looking Back to Move Forwards
Authors
Leonardo Caporarello
Alessandro Giovanazzi
Beatrice Manzoni
Copyright Year
2019
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90500-6_13

Premium Partner